Cov Ntiajteb Tsis Tshua Muaj Yog Dab Tsi?
Cov av tsis tshua muaj, tseem hu ua cov ntsiab lus av tsis tshua muaj, xa mus rau 17 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj teev sijhawm uas suav nrog cov koob lanthanide los ntawm cov lej atomic 57, lanthanum (La) txog 71, lutetium (Lu), ntxiv rau scandium (Sc) thiab yttrium (Y).
Los ntawm lub npe, ib tug yuav xav tias cov no yog "tsawg heev," tab sis hais txog cov xyoo uas muaj peev xwm khawb tau (qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khaws cia rau kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo) thiab lawv qhov ceev hauv lub ntiaj teb lub plhaub, lawv muaj ntau dua li cov hlau lead lossis zinc.
Los ntawm kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ib tus tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev rau cov thev naus laus zis ib txwm muaj; kev hloov pauv xws li kev tsim kho tshiab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshiab, kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov hauv cov ntaub ntawv qauv thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv.
Txog Cov Oxides Uas Tsis Tshua Muaj Hauv Ntiaj Teb
Cov Pab Pawg Oxides Uas Muaj Tsawg Qee zaum hu ua Cov Av Tsis Tshua Muaj lossis qee zaum hu ua REO. Qee cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tau pom ntau daim ntawv thov hauv ntiaj teb hauv metallurgy, ceramics, iav ua, dyes, lasers, TVs thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb yeej yog qhov nce siab. Nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, ib yam nkaus, tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj cov av tsis tshua muaj nrog cov ntawv thov kev lag luam yog oxides, lossis lawv tau txais los ntawm oxides.
Hais txog kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj oxides hauv kev lag luam loj thiab laus, lawv siv rau hauv cov tshuaj catalysts (xws li hauv peb txoj kev catalysis tsheb), hauv kev lag luam iav (ua iav, tshem xim lossis xim, txhuam iav thiab lwm yam kev siv), thiab kev tsim cov hlau nplaum tas mus li suav txog yuav luag 70% ntawm kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj oxides. Lwm cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam metallurgy (siv ua cov khoom ntxiv hauv Fe lossis Al hlau alloys), ceramics (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv Y), cov ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo (hauv daim ntawv ntawm phosphors), ua cov khoom sib xyaw roj teeb, lossis hauv cov roj teeb oxide khov, ntawm lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tab sis tsis tseem ceeb dua, muaj cov ntawv thov qis dua, xws li kev siv biomedical ntawm cov kab ke nanoparticulate uas muaj cov av tsis tshua muaj oxides rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav lossis ua cov cim nrhiav qog, lossis ua cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub rau kev tiv thaiv tawv nqaij.
Txog Cov Khoom Sib Xyaws Uas Tsis Tshua Muaj
Cov Khoom Siv Uas Muaj Peev Xwm Siab Tshaj Plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov ores los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub cev (piv txwv li, kev ntab), kev ntxuav, kev ntxuav cov tshuaj los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj, kev sib cais cov khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj, kev sib xyaw cov khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ...
Kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv hlau - rau kev ua cov hlau nplaum, cov electrodes roj teeb, thiab cov hlau sib xyaw. Cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw saum toj no los ntawm kev kub siab fused ntsev electrowinning thiab kev txo qis kub nrog cov hlau reductants, piv txwv li, calcium lossis lanthanum.
Cov av tsis tshua muaj feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov hauv qab no:
●Mcov hlau nplaum (txog li 100 lub hlau nplaum rau ib lub tsheb tshiab)
● Cov tshuaj catalysts (cov pa phem ntawm lub tsheb thiab cov roj av tawg)
● Cov hmoov txhuam iav rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV thiab cov disks khaws cov ntaub ntawv iav
● Cov roj teeb uas rov them tau (tshwj xeeb yog rau cov tsheb hybrid)
● Photonics (luminescence, fluorescence thiab lub teeb amplification devices)
● Cov hlau nplaum thiab cov photonics yuav loj hlob ntau heev rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no
UrbanMines muab cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom purity siab thiab cov khoom purity siab heev. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntau yam thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau hauv ntau yam khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Peb muab cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntau qib raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, uas yog cov khoom siv raw khoom muaj nqis hauv ntau yam lag luam.
Cov Rare-Earths feem ntau siv rau hauv dab tsi?
Kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj thawj zaug hauv kev lag luam yog rau cov flint hauv cov teeb. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis rau kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom zoo tsis tau tsim, yog li kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov av tsis tshua muaj thiab cov ntsev lossis cov hlau tsis hloov pauv (alloy) tau siv.
Txij li xyoo 1960, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom zoo dua tau ua tau thiab cov khoom muaj nyob hauv txhua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tau pom tseeb. Rau lawv txoj kev lag luam, lawv tau siv thawj zaug ua cathode-ray tube phosphors rau cov TV xim thiab ntawm cov koob yees duab lens siab. Lawv tau mus pab txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoos phis tawj, cov koob yees duab digital, cov khoom siv suab thiab ntau ntxiv los ntawm lawv siv hauv cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab cov roj teeb rov qab tau.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lawv tau txais kev saib xyuas ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov hlau nplaum hydrogen thiab cov hlau nplaum magnetostriction.
