Cov khoom
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Hafnium Tetrachloride
Hafnium Tetrachloride (HfCl₄)yog ib qho tshuaj inorganic uas muaj nqis siab uas siv dav ua tus precursor hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ceramics kub siab, cov ntaub ntawv phosphor rau cov teeb pom kev zoo (LEDs), thiab cov catalysts heterogeneous. Qhov tseem ceeb, nws qhia txog Lewis acidity zoo heev, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv olefin polymerization thiab ntau yam kev hloov pauv organic. Tsav los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor, aerospace engineering, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiam tom ntej, kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau HfCl₄ tau qhia txog kev loj hlob tas mus li. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom lag luam hauv kev lag luam tseem xav tau kev siv tshuab - xav tau kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem nruj, cov khoom noj khoom haus ultra-high-purity, thiab ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev nyab xeeb (EHS). Muab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm siab thiab cov catalysts tshwj xeeb, HfCl₄ tau lees paub ntau ntxiv tias yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv siab heev thiab kev tsim tshuaj zoo.
Hafnium, 72Hf Qhov tsos Xim av hlau Tus lej atomic (Z) 72 Theem ntawm STP Khoom khov kho Qhov kub yaj 2506 K (2233 ℃, 4051 ℉) Kub taw tes 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) Qhov Ceev (ntawm 20 ℃) 13.281 g/cm33 Thaum kua (ntawm mp) 12 g/cm23 Kub ntawm kev sib xyaw 27.2 kJ/mol Kub ntawm kev ua pa 648 kJ/mol Lub peev xwm cua sov Molar 25.73 J/(mol·K) Lub peev xwm cua sov tshwj xeeb 144.154 J/(kg·K) Tus Txheej Txheem Lag Luam ntawm 5N Purity Qib Hafnium Tetrachloride
Lub Cim Li 7 (ppb) Ua 9 (ppb) Na 23 (ppb) Mg 24 (ppb) Al 27 (ppb) K 39 (ppb) Ca 40 (ppb) V 51 (ppb) Cr 52 (ppb) Mn 55 (ppb) Fe 56 (ppb) Co 59 (ppb) Ni 60 (ppb) Cu 63 (ppb) Zn 66 (ppb) Ga 69 (ppb) Ge 74 (ppb) Sr 87 (ppb) UMHT5N 0.371 2.056 17.575 6.786 87.888 31.963 66.976 0.000 74.184 34.945 1413.776 21.639 216.953 2.194 20.241 12.567 8.769 3846.227 Zr 90 (ppb) Nb 93 (ppb) Mo98 (ppb) Pd106 (ppb) Ag 107 (ppb) Raws li 108 (ppb) Cd 111 (ppb) Hauv 115 (ppb) Sn 118 (ppb) Sb 121 (ppb) Ti131 (ppb) Ba 138 (ppb) W 184 (ppb) Au -2197 (ppb) Hg 202 (ppb) Tl 205 (ppb) Pb 208 (ppb) Bi 209 (ppb) 41997.655 8.489 181.362 270.662 40.536 49.165 5.442 0.127 26.237 1.959 72.198 0.776 121.391 1707.062 68.734 0.926 14.582 36.176 Lus Cim: Cov kev ntsuas saum toj no tau raug ntes los ntawm ICP-MS.
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) yog ib yam khoom tsis muaj xim, crystalline khov kho nrog lub molecular hnyav ntawm 320.30 g / mol thiab CAS Registry Number 13499-05-3. Nws yaj ntawm 320 ° C thiab dhau los ua sublimation ntawm kwv yees li 317 ° C nyob rau hauv ambient siab. Cov tshuaj no yog hygroscopic heev thiab reacts exothermically thiab vigorously nrog dej noo, yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv anhydrous, inert atmospheric mob (piv txwv li, argon lossis nitrogen) nyob rau hauv tkaus kaw. Vim nws muaj zog corrosivity, kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog daim tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag yuav ua rau muaj kev kub hnyiab tshuaj lom neeg. Raws li Chav Kawm 8 corrosive tshuaj txaus ntshai (UN2509), kev tuav yuav tsum tau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE), suav nrog cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, tsom iav, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa qhov twg muaj hmoov av tsim tau.
Hafnium Tetrachloride siv rau dab tsi?
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)yog ib qho tshuaj inorganic uas muaj ntau yam, vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, pom cov ntawv thov dav hauv ntau qhov chaw siv high-tech:
- Cov Khoom Siv Semiconductors thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Nws ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov khoom siv high-dielectric-constant (xws li hafnium dioxide), siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem transistor gate insulating los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chip. Nws kuj tseem siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem chemical vapor deposition (CVD) los tso cov hlau hafnium lossis hafnium compound thin films, siv rau hauv cov transistors ua haujlwm siab, cov khoom siv nco, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov Khoom Uas Ua Los Ntawm Av nplaum Kub Heev Thiab Dav Hlau: Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv av nplaum kub heev, uas ua rau pom kev tiv taus kub heev, tiv taus hnav, thiab tiv taus xeb. Cov khoom ua los ntawm av nplaum no haum rau cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav xws li cov cav dav hlau kub thiab cov foob pob hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom ntim LED muaj zog heev los txhim kho cov khoom siv cua sov thiab lub neej ntev.
- Catalysis thiab Organic Synthesis: Ua ib qho Lewis acid catalyst zoo, nws txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li olefin polymerization (piv txwv li, ua ib qho precursor rau Ziegler-Natta catalysts), esterification ntawm cawv thiab acids, acylation, thiab 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, txhim kho cov nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev xaiv. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab tshuaj.
- Kev Lag Luam Nuclear: Siv nws txoj kev ruaj khov thermal thiab tshuaj lom neeg zoo, nws siv rau hauv cov tshuab cua txias nuclear reactor thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv txheej rau cov roj nuclear, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab thermal stability.
- Kev Lag Luam Zog: Siv ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov khoom siv electrolyte khov xws li lithium hafnium phosphate rau kev tsim cov roj teeb lithium uas muaj kev coj ua hluav taws xob siab. Nws kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua ntej rau cov khoom siv cathode muaj peev xwm siab hauv cov roj teeb lithium thiab sodium-ion.
- Kev Sib Cais Zirconium-Hafnium: Siv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm zirconium tetrachloride thiab hafnium tetrachloride, lawv tuaj yeem sib cais tau zoo los ntawm kev siv fractional distillation lossis gas chromatography. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam rau kev tau txais hafnium ntshiab.
Hauv kev xaus, hafnium tetrachloride ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv semiconductors, cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, catalysis, nuclear zog, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, tsim nws tus kheej ua cov khoom siv raw hauv cov lag luam niaj hnub high-tech.