Kev siv sodium antimonate ua ib qho kev hloov pauv rau antimony trioxide hauv cov fiber flame retardants: cov ntsiab cai kev siv tshuab thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
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Kev Taw Qhia
Raws li qhov xav tau thoob ntiaj teb rau kev ua kom ib puag ncig zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv hluav taws kub nce ntxiv, kev lag luam fiber thiab textile yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws kub ib txwm muaj. Antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃), ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub halogen, tau kav ntev hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tshuaj lom, kev phom sij ntawm cov plua plav ua haujlwm, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ib puag ncig tau ua rau kev lag luam nrhiav kev daws teeb meem zoo dua. Nrog rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tswj hwm kev xa tawm ntawm cov tshuaj antimony, antimony trioxide tsis muaj ntau hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, thiab sodium antimonate (NaSbO₃) tau nyiam kev saib xyuas vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab kev hloov pauv. Pab pawg kws tshaj lij ntawm UrbanMines Tech. Ltd., ua ke nrog kev paub siv tiag tiag thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ntawm sodium antimonate, tau sau tsab xov xwm no los ntawm kev xav txog kev tshaj lij, tham nrog cov neeg paub txog kev lag luam txog qhov ua tau ntawm sodium antimonate hloov Sb₂O₃, thiab tshuaj xyuas nws cov ntsiab cai zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo.
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I. Kev sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws: cov nyhuv synergistic ntawm sodium antimonate thiab antimony trioxide
1. Lub tshuab ua kom nplaim taws tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj Sb2O2 ib txwm muaj
Sb2O2 yuav tsum ua haujlwm sib koom tes nrog cov tshuaj halogen nplaim taws (xws li cov tshuaj bromine). Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom kub hnyiab, ob qho tshuaj no ua rau cov tshuaj antimony halides (SbX2), uas tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
Cov roj theem hluav taws retardant: SbX₃ ntes cov free radicals (·H, ·OH) thiab cuam tshuam cov saw hlau reaction;
Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab: txhawb kev tsim cov txheej carbon kom cais cov pa oxygen thiab cua sov.
2. Cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm sodium antimonate
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm sodium antimonate (Na⁺ thiab SbO₃⁻) muab nws ua haujlwm ob yam:
Kev ruaj khov kub siab: decomposes los tsim Sb₂O₃ thiab Na₂O ntawm 300–500 ° C, thiab Sb₂O₃ uas tso tawm txuas ntxiv koom tes nrog halogens rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws;
Cov nyhuv tswj hwm alkaline: Na₂O tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa roj acidic (xws li HCl) tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab txo qhov xeb ntawm cov pa luam yeeb.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Sodium antimony tso tawm cov hom antimony nquag los ntawm kev rhuav tshem, ua tiav cov nplaim taws retardant sib npaug rau Sb2O₃ thaum txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hmoov av thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav.
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II. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm sodium antimonate hloov chaw
1. Txhim kho ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb
Kev phom sij tsawg ntawm cov hmoov av: Sodium antimonate yog cov qauv granular lossis microspherical, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los tsim cov hmoov av uas ua pa tau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm;
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsawg dua: Piv nrog Sb2O2 (sau npe ua cov khoom uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb los ntawm EU REACH), sodium antimonate muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj kev lom zem thiab tseem tsis tau tswj hwm nruj me ntsis.
2. Kev ua haujlwm zoo dua
Kev tawg ua kom zoo dua: Sodium ions ua rau polarity nce ntxiv, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev tawg ua kom sib npaug hauv cov polymer matrix;
Kev sib phim ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm cua sov: Qhov kub ntawm kev lwj sib phim nrog qhov kub ntawm kev ua haujlwm (200–300 ° C) ntawm cov fibers feem ntau (xws li polyester thiab nylon) kom tsis txhob ua tsis tiav ua ntej lub sijhawm.
3. Kev sib koom ua ke ntau yam
Kev ua haujlwm tswj pa luam yeeb: Na₂O ua rau cov pa roj acidic tsis muaj zog thiab txo cov pa luam yeeb lom (tus nqi LOI tuaj yeem nce ntxiv 2-3%);
Tiv thaiv kev ntws: Thaum sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv inorganic (xws li nano av nplaum), cov qauv txheej carbon ua rau tuab dua.
III. Tej Yam Uas Yuav Muaj Tau Hauv Kev Siv Sodium Antimonate
1. Kev sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab kev siv
Tus nqi khoom siv raw siab: Cov txheej txheem tsim cov sodium antimonate nyuaj thiab tus nqi yog li 1.2–1.5 npaug ntawm Sb₂O₃;
Cov tshuaj antimony uas tsis muaj zog: Nyob rau hauv tib theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, qhov ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv 20-30% (vim tias cov khoom sodium ua rau cov tshuaj antimony tsis muaj zog). Txawm li cas los xij, UrbanMines Tech. Ltd., nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig R&D tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm sodium antimonate kom qis dua antimony trioxide thiab sai sai nyob hauv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hauv ib nrab xyoo.
2. Cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab
pH rhiab heev: Alkaline Na₂O tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm qee cov resins (xws li PET);
Kev tswj xim: Cov sodium residue ntawm qhov kub siab yuav ua rau me ntsis daj ntawm cov fiber, xav tau ntxiv cov xim.
3. Kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tiv taus huab cua: Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Sodium ion hauv qhov chaw kub thiab noo noo yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nplaim taws;
Cov teeb meem rov ua dua tshiab: Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab rau cov tshuaj lom neeg rau cov fibers uas muaj sodium-retardant yuav tsum tau tsim dua tshiab.
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IV. Cov lus qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov
Sodium antimonateyog qhov tsim nyog dua rau cov teb hauv qab no:
1. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nqis ntxiv: xws li cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv dav hlau, uas muaj cov kev cai nruj rau kev tswj pa luam yeeb thiab kev lom tsawg;
2. Lub txheej txheem txheej txheem dej: siv qhov zoo ntawm nws qhov kev sib kis los hloov Sb₂O₃ kev ncua;
3. Cov mis mos ua los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws sib xyaw: sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj phosphorus-nitrogen nplaim hluav taws kom txo tau kev vam khom halogen.
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V. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Yav Tom Ntej
1. Kev hloov kho nano: Txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws los ntawm kev tswj qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me (<100 nm);
2. Cov khoom siv bio-based carrier composite: ua ke nrog cellulose lossis chitosan los tsim cov fibers ntsuab uas tiv taus hluav taws;
3. Kev Soj Ntsuam Lub Neej (LCA): Ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau kev lag luam.
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Xaus lus
Raws li qhov hloov pauv tau rau antimony trioxide, sodium antimonate qhia txog tus nqi tshwj xeeb hauv kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab kev koom ua ke, tab sis nws cov nqi thiab kev hloov pauv tseem yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Nrog rau cov kev cai nruj dua thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub, sodium antimonate yuav tsum dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau tiam tom ntej ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws fiber, tsav tsheb kev lag luam kom hloov mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
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Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb: sodium antimonate, antimony trioxide, hluav taws kub retardant, kev kho fiber, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem pa luam yeeb