Hmoov Boron
| Boron | |
| Qhov tsos | Xim av dub |
| Theem ntawm STP | Khoom khov kho |
| Qhov kub yaj | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) |
| Kub taw tes | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) |
| Qhov ceev thaum kua (ntawm mp) | 2.08 g/cm3 |
| Kub ntawm kev sib xyaw | 50.2 kJ/mol |
| Kub ntawm kev ua pa | 508 kJ/mol |
| Lub peev xwm cua sov Molar | 11.087 J/(mol·K) |
Boron yog ib qho metalloid element, muaj ob hom allotropes, amorphous boron thiab crystalline boron. Amorphous boron yog ib qho hmoov xim av thaum crystalline boron yog silvery mus rau dub. Crystalline boron granules thiab boron pieces yog high purity boron, tawv heev, thiab tsis muaj conductivity zoo ntawm chav tsev kub.
Crystalline Boron
Cov qauv siv lead ua los ntawm crystalline boron feem ntau yog β-form, uas yog synthesized los ntawm β-form thiab γ-form rau hauv ib lub voos xwmfab los tsim ib qho qauv siv lead ua ruaj khov. Raws li ib qho crystalline boron uas tshwm sim ntuj, nws muaj ntau tshaj 80%. Xim feem ntau yog xim av grey-xim av hmoov lossis xim av tsis sib xws. Qhov loj me ntawm cov hmoov crystalline boron uas peb lub tuam txhab tsim thiab kho yog 15-60μm; qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom crystalline boron yog 1-10 hli (qhov loj me tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kho raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau). Feem ntau, nws muab faib ua tsib qhov kev qhia raws li kev huv: 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N, thiab 6N.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Lag Luam Crystal Boron
| Hom | Cov ntsiab lus B (%) ≥ | Cov ntsiab lus tsis huv (PPM) ≤ | ||||||||||
| Fe | Au | Ag | Cu | Sn | Mn | Ca | As | Pb | W | Ge | ||
| UMCB6N | 99.9999 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| UMCB5N | 99.999 | 8 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| UMCB4N | 99.99 | 90 | 0.06 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |||
| UMCB3N | 99.9 | 200 | 0.08 | 0.8 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 0.3 | |||
| UMCB2N | 99 | 500 | 2.5 | 1 | 12 | 30 | 300 | 0.08 | ||||
Pob: Nws feem ntau yog ntim rau hauv polytetrafluoroethylene fwj thiab kaw nrog inert roj, nrog rau cov lus qhia ntawm 50g / 100g / lub raj mis;
Amorphous Boron
Amorphous boron tseem hu ua non-crystalline boron. Nws cov qauv siv lead ua yog α-puab, koom nrog cov qauv siv lead ua tetragonal, thiab nws cov xim yog xim dub xim av lossis daj me ntsis. Cov hmoov amorphous boron tsim thiab kho los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab yog cov khoom lag luam siab. Tom qab ua tiav tob, cov ntsiab lus boron tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99%, 99.9%; qhov loj me me yog D50 ≤ 2 μm; raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, cov hmoov sub-nanometer (≤ 500 nm) tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab kho.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Amorphous Boron rau Kev Lag Luam
| Hom | Cov ntsiab lus B (%) ≥ | Cov ntsiab lus tsis huv (PPM) ≤ | |||||||
| Fe | Au | Ag | Cu | Sn | Mn | Ca | Pb | ||
| UMAB3N | 99.9 | 200 | 0.08 | 0.8 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 0.3 |
| UMAB2N | 99 | 500 | 2.5 | 1 | 12 | 30 | 300 | 0.08 | |
Pob: Feem ntau, nws tau ntim rau hauv lub hnab yas txhuas uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 500g / 1kg (tsis muaj hmoov nano raug nqus tsev);
Isotope ¹¹B
Qhov muaj ntau ntawm isotope ¹¹B yog 80.22%, thiab nws yog ib qho khoom siv dopant thiab diffuser zoo rau cov khoom siv semiconductor chip. Ua ib qho khoom siv dopant, ¹¹B tuaj yeem ua rau cov silicon ions ntom ntom, uas yog siv los tsim cov integrated circuits thiab high-density microchips, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Lub isotope ¹¹B tsim thiab kho los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab yog ib qho cubic β-puab crystal isotope nrog kev ntshiab siab thiab muaj ntau, thiab yog cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb rau cov chips siab.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Isotope¹¹B rau Cov Lag Luam
| Hom | Cov ntsiab lus B (%) ≥) | Muaj ntau (90%) | Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me (hli) | Lus Cim |
| UMIB6N | 99.9999 | 90 | ≤2 | Peb tuaj yeem kho cov khoom nrog ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov loj me raws li tus neeg siv xav tau |
Pob: Ntim rau hauv lub raj mis polytetrafluoroethylene, puv nrog kev tiv thaiv roj inert, 50g / lub raj mis;
Isotope ¹ºB
Qhov muaj ntau ntawm isotope ¹ºB yog 19.78%, uas yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv nuclear zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev nqus cov neutrons. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsim nyog hauv cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam nuclear. Lub isotope ¹ºB tsim thiab tsim los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab yog cubic β-puab siv lead ua isotope, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ntshiab siab, muaj ntau heev thiab yooj yim sib xyaw nrog cov hlau. Nws yog cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Isotope¹ºB rau Cov Lag Luam
| Hom | Cov ntsiab lus B (%) ≥) | Kev Muaj Ntau (%) | Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me (μm) | Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me (μm) |
| UMIB3N | 99.9 | 95,92,90,78 | ≥60 | Peb tuaj yeem kho cov khoom nrog ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov loj me raws li tus neeg siv xav tau |
Pob: Ntim rau hauv lub raj mis polytetrafluoroethylene, puv nrog kev tiv thaiv roj inert, 50g / lub raj mis;
Amorphous boron, Boron hmoov thiab Natural boron siv rau dab tsi?
Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov rau Amorphous boron, Boron hmoov thiab Natural boron. Lawv yog siv rau hauv metallurgy, electronics, tshuaj, ceramics, nuclear kev lag luam, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam teb.
1. Amorphous boron siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb ua ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov hnab cua thiab cov khoom siv zawm siv. Amorphous boron siv rau hauv cov pyrotechnics thiab rockets ua ib qho khoom ntxiv rau hauv cov nplaim taws, cov khoom siv hluav taws thiab cov khoom sib xyaw qeeb, cov roj propellant khov kho, thiab cov khoom tawg. Nws ua rau cov nplaim taws muaj xim ntsuab tshwj xeeb.
2. Cov boron ntuj tsim muaj ob hom isotopes ruaj khov, ib qho ntawm cov no (boron-10) muaj ntau yam siv ua tus neeg sawv cev ntes neutron. Nws yog siv ua tus nqus neutron hauv kev tswj hwm nuclear reactor, thiab ua kom tawv hluav taws xob.
3. Cov tshuaj boron yog siv ua cov tshuaj dopant hauv kev lag luam semiconductor, thaum cov tshuaj boron ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua cov khoom siv sib dua, cov tshuaj tua kab thiab cov tshuaj preservatives, thiab cov tshuaj reagents rau kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg.
4. Hmoov Boron yog ib hom roj hlau uas muaj cov nqi calorific siab thiab volumetric, uas tau siv dav hauv cov tub rog xws li cov khoom siv propellant khov kho, cov khoom tawg muaj zog siab, thiab pyrotechnics. Thiab qhov kub ntawm cov hmoov boron raug txo qis heev vim nws cov duab tsis sib xws thiab thaj chaw loj;
5. Hmoov Boron yog siv ua ib qho khoom sib xyaw hauv cov khoom hlau tshwj xeeb los tsim cov hlau sib xyaw thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los txheej cov xov hlau tungsten lossis ua cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov hlau lossis cov khoom siv ceramic hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Boron feem ntau siv rau hauv cov hlau sib xyaw tshwj xeeb los ua kom lwm cov hlau tawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau sib xyaw kub siab.
6. Hmoov Boron siv ua tus deoxidizer hauv kev smelting tooj liab uas tsis muaj oxygen. Ib qho me me ntawm cov hmoov boron raug ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm smelting hlau. Ntawm ib sab tes, nws yog siv ua tus deoxidizer los tiv thaiv cov hlau kom tsis txhob raug oxidized ntawm qhov kub siab. Hmoov Boron yog siv ua tus additive rau magnesia-carbon cib siv hauv cov cub tawg kub siab rau kev ua hlau;
7. Cov hmoov Boron kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua daim ntawv thov uas xav tau thaj chaw siab xws li kev kho dej thiab hauv cov roj cell thiab hnub ci. Nanoparticles kuj tsim cov chaw siab heev.
8. Hmoov Boron kuj yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov boron halide uas muaj cov khoom ntshiab siab, thiab lwm yam khoom siv boron sib xyaw; Hmoov Boron kuj tseem siv tau ua cov khoom pab vuam; Hmoov Boron siv ua tus pib rau cov hnab cua hauv tsheb;
