Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev siv cov lanthanide reagents hauv cov organic synthesis tau tsim los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Ntawm lawv, ntau lanthanide reagents tau pom tias muaj cov catalysis xaiv pom tseeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm carbon-carbon bond tsim; tib lub sijhawm, ntau lanthanide reagents tau pom tias muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic oxidation thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic txo kom hloov cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj av yog kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb nrog cov yam ntxwv Suav tau txais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis Suav tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab tau raug txhawb nqa ua qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj kev ua liaj ua teb ntau ntxiv hauv Suav teb. Cov av tsis tshua muaj av carbonate yooj yim yaj hauv cov kua qaub los tsim cov ntsev sib xws thiab carbon dioxide, uas tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim hauv kev tsim cov ntsev av tsis tshua muaj thiab cov complexes yam tsis muaj kev qhia txog anionic impurities. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua qaub muaj zog xws li nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, thiab sulfuric acid los tsim cov ntsev soluble hauv dej. Ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog phosphoric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid los hloov mus ua cov av tsis tshua muaj av phosphates thiab fluorides. Ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ntau cov organic acids los tsim cov organic sib xws. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov cations nyuaj uas yaj tau lossis cov anions nyuaj, lossis cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog uas yaj tau tsawg dua yog precipitated nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov av tsis tshua muaj carbonate tuaj yeem raug decomposed rau hauv cov oxides sib xws los ntawm calcination, uas tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau hauv kev npaj ntau cov khoom siv av tsis tshua muaj tshiab. Tam sim no, cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj carbonate hauv Suav teb yog ntau dua 10,000 tons, suav txog ntau dua ib feem plaub ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam av tsis tshua muaj, qhia tias kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev siv cov av tsis tshua muaj carbonate ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam av tsis tshua muaj.
Cerium carbonate yog ib qho inorganic compound nrog cov tshuaj mis ntawm C3Ce2O9, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 460, logP ntawm -7.40530, PSA ntawm 198.80000, lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm 333.6ºC ntawm 760 mmHg, thiab lub ntsiab lus flash ntawm 169.8ºC. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj, cerium carbonate yog cov khoom siv raw nruab nrab rau kev npaj ntau yam khoom cerium xws li ntau yam ntsev cerium thiab cerium oxide. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj teeb meem. Cov hydrated cerium carbonate siv lead ua muaj cov qauv lanthanite, thiab nws daim duab SEM qhia tau hais tias cov duab yooj yim ntawm cov hydrated cerium carbonate siv lead ua yog flake-zoo li, thiab cov flakes raug khi ua ke los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog los tsim cov qauv zoo li paj, thiab cov qauv yog xoob, yog li nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm lub zog kho tshuab Nws yooj yim kom raug txiav ua tej daim me me. Cov cerium carbonate uas tsim tawm hauv kev lag luam tam sim no tsuas muaj 42-46% ntawm tag nrho cov av tsis tshua muaj tom qab ziab, uas txwv tsis pub cov cerium carbonate ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Ib hom kev siv dej tsawg, zoo ruaj khov, cov cerium carbonate uas tsim tawm tsis tas yuav qhuav lossis ziab tom qab centrifugal ziab, thiab tag nrho cov av tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 72% txog 74%, thiab cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab ib kauj ruam txheej txheem rau kev npaj cerium carbonate nrog cov av tsis tshua muaj ntau. Cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab hauv qab no tau txais yuav: ib txoj kev ib kauj ruam yog siv los npaj cerium carbonate nrog cov av tsis tshua muaj ntau, uas yog, cov kua cerium pub nrog qhov concentration ntawm CeO240-90g / L raug cua sov ntawm 95 ° C txog 105 ° C, thiab ammonium bicarbonate raug ntxiv rau hauv qab kev sib xyaw tas li kom precipitate cerium carbonate. Tus nqi ntawm ammonium bicarbonate raug kho kom tus nqi pH ntawm cov kua pub thaum kawg raug kho rau 6.3 txog 6.5, thiab tus nqi ntxiv yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov kua pub tsis khiav tawm ntawm lub qhov. Cov kua cerium pub yog tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov kua cerium chloride aqueous, cerium sulfate aqueous kua lossis cerium nitrate aqueous kua. Pawg neeg R&D ntawm UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. siv txoj kev tsim cov khoom tshiab los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ammonium bicarbonate lossis cov kua ammonium bicarbonate hauv dej.
Cerium carbonate siv tau los npaj cerium oxide, cerium dioxide thiab lwm yam nanomaterials. Cov ntawv thov thiab piv txwv yog raws li nram no:
1. Ib lub iav tiv thaiv qhov muag uas nqus tau cov teeb ci ultraviolet thiab qhov daj ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo. Raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov iav soda-lime-silica float, nws suav nrog cov khoom siv raw hauv qab no hauv qhov hnyav feem pua: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8%, Alumina 0 ~ 3%, hlau oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Lub iav tuab 4 hli muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo transmittance ntau dua 80%, ultraviolet transmittance tsawg dua 15%, thiab transmittance ntawm wavelengths ntawm 568-590 nm tsawg dua 15%.
2. Ib qho xim txuag hluav taws xob endothermic, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tov cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis, thiab cov khoom siv yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tov cov khoom siv raw hauv qab no hauv qhov hnyav: 20 txog 35 feem ntawm silicon dioxide, thiab 8 txog 20 feem ntawm txhuas oxide. , 4 txog 10 feem ntawm titanium oxide, 4 txog 10 feem ntawm zirconia, 1 txog 5 feem ntawm zinc oxide, 1 txog 5 feem ntawm magnesium oxide, 0.8 txog 5 feem ntawm silicon carbide, 0.02 txog 0.5 feem ntawm yttrium oxide, thiab 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm chromium oxide. feem, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm kaolin, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm cov khoom siv av tsawg, 0.8-5 feem ntawm carbon dub, qhov loj me ntawm txhua yam khoom siv raw yog 1-5 μm; qhov twg, cov khoom siv av tsis tshua muaj suav nrog 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm cerium carbonate 1.5 feem ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm neodymium carbonate thiab 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm promethium nitrate; cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis yog potassium sodium carbonate; potassium sodium carbonate yog sib xyaw nrog tib qhov hnyav ntawm potassium carbonate thiab sodium carbonate. Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis yog 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 lossis 4.8: 5.2. Ntxiv mus, ib hom kev npaj ntawm cov xim txuag hluav taws xob endothermic yog tus yam ntxwv uas suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Kauj Ruam 1, kev npaj cov khoom sau, ua ntej, hnyav 20-35 feem ntawm silica, 8-20 feem ntawm alumina, 4-10 feem ntawm titanium oxide, 4-10 feem ntawm zirconia, thiab 1-5 feem ntawm zinc oxide los ntawm qhov hnyav. , 1 txog 5 feem ntawm magnesium oxide, 0.8 txog 5 feem ntawm silicon carbide, 0.02 txog 0.5 feem ntawm yttrium oxide, 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm chromium trioxide, 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm kaolin, 0.01 txog 1.5 feem ntawm cov khoom siv av tsawg, thiab 0.8 txog 5 feem ntawm carbon dub, thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub tshuab sib tov kom tau txais cov khoom sau; qhov twg, cov khoom siv av tsis tshua muaj suav nrog 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 feem ntawm neodymium carbonate thiab 0.01 ～ 1.5 feem ntawm promethium nitrate;
Kauj Ruam 2, kev npaj cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis, cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis yog sodium potassium carbonate; ua ntej ntsuas potassium carbonate thiab sodium carbonate raws li qhov hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tov kom sib npaug kom tau cov khoom siv ua zaj duab xis; cov sodium potassium carbonate yog tib qhov hnyav ntawm potassium carbonate thiab sodium carbonate sib xyaw;
Kauj Ruam 3, qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv sau thiab zaj duab xis los ntawm qhov hnyav yog 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 lossis 4.8: 5.2, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw sib xyaw thiab faib ua ntu zus kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw;
Hauv kauj ruam 4, qhov sib tov yog pob-milled rau 6-8 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom tiav lawm tau txais los ntawm kev dhau los ntawm lub vijtsam, thiab lub mesh ntawm lub vijtsam yog 1-5 μm.
3. Kev npaj cov ultrafine cerium oxide: Siv hydrated cerium carbonate ua cov khoom ua ntej, ultrafine cerium oxide nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom me me tsawg dua 3 μm tau npaj los ntawm kev sib tsoo pob ncaj qha thiab calcination. Cov khoom tau txais txhua tus muaj cov qauv cubic fluorite. Thaum qhov kub calcination nce ntxiv, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me txo qis, qhov faib tawm ntawm cov khoom me me ua rau nqaim dua thiab qhov crystallinity nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm polishing ntawm peb lub khob sib txawv tau qhia txog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm 900 ℃ thiab 1000 ℃. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv iav thaum lub sijhawm polishing cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, crystallinity thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hmoov polishing.