Dab tsi yog Rare-Earths?
Lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, tseem hu ua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, xa mus rau 17 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm lub sijhawm uas suav nrog lanthanide series los ntawm atomic tooj 57, lanthanum (La) txog 71, lutetium (Lu), ntxiv rau scandium (Sc) thiab yttrium (Y) .
Los ntawm lub npe, ib tug yuav xav hais tias cov no yog "tsis tshua muaj," tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm minable xyoo (qhov piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau txhua xyoo zus tau tej cov) thiab lawv cov ntom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, lawv yeej muaj ntau tshaj li coj los yog zinc.
Los ntawm kev siv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ib tus tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav hloov pauv mus rau cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub; Kev hloov pauv xws li kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshiab, kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov hauv cov khoom siv thiab txhim kho lub zog ua haujlwm rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv.
Hais txog Rare-Earth Oxides
Pawg Rare-Earth Oxides yog qee zaum hu ua lub Ntiaj Teb Tsis tshua muaj lossis qee zaum ua REO. Qee cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tau pom ntau dua rau hauv ntiaj teb siv hauv metallurgy, ceramics, iav ua, dyes, lasers, TVs thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nce. Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, ib yam nkaus, tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb nrog cov ntawv thov kev lag luam yog oxides, lossis lawv tau txais los ntawm oxides.
Hais txog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam loj ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj oxides, lawv siv rau hauv catalysts formulations (xws li nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev tsheb catalysis), nyob rau hauv iav hais txog industries (iav iav, decolouring los yog colouring, iav polishing thiab lwm yam kev siv), thiab mus tas li. Cov hlau nplaum tsim cov nyiaj rau yuav luag 70% ntawm kev siv lub ntiaj teb oxides tsawg. Lwm cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam metallurgy (siv additives nyob rau hauv Fe los yog Al hlau alloys), ceramics (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Y), teeb pom kev zoo daim ntaub ntawv (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phosphors), raws li lub roj teeb alloy Cheebtsam, los yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom. oxide roj hlwb, nrog rau lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tab sis tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, muaj cov ntawv teev qis qis, xws li kev siv biomedical siv cov tshuab nanoparticulated uas muaj tsawg lub ntiaj teb oxides rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav lossis ua cov qog nqaij hlav, los yog cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub rau kev tiv thaiv tawv nqaij.
Hais txog Rare-Earth Compounds
High purity Rare-Earth Compounds yog tsim los ntawm ores los ntawm txoj kev hauv qab no: lub cev concentration (piv txwv li, flotation), leaching, kua purification los ntawm hnyav extraction, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb sib cais los ntawm hnyav extraction, ib tug neeg tsawg lub ntiaj teb no los nag. Thaum kawg cov tebchaw no tsim cov khoom lag luam carbonate, hydroxide, phosphates thiab fluorides.
Kwv yees li 40% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj ntau lawm yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv hlau - rau kev ua hlau nplaum, roj teeb electrodes, thiab alloys. Cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov tebchaw saum toj no los ntawm qhov kub-kub fused ntsev electrowinning thiab kub txo nrog cov hlau reductants, piv txwv li, calcium los yog lanthanum.
Cov av tsis tshua muaj feem ntau yog siv hauv qab no:
●Magnets (txog 100 hlau nplaum ib lub tsheb tshiab)
● Catalysts (tsheb emissions thiab roj av tawg)
● iav polishing hmoov rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV thiab iav cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia disks
● Rechargeable roj teeb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tsheb hybrid)
● Photonics (luminescence, fluorescence thiab lub teeb amplification li)
● Magnets thiab photonics xav tias yuav loj hlob zoo nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no
UrbanMines muab ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm purity siab thiab ultra siab purity compounds. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Rare Earth Compounds loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau yam tseem ceeb technologies thiab lawv yog irreplaceable nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom thiab ntau lawm txheej txheem. Peb muab Rare Earth Compounds nyob rau hauv cov qib sib txawv raws li tus neeg yuav tsum tau muaj, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries.
Dab tsi yog Rare-Earths feem ntau siv hauv?
Thawj qhov kev lag luam siv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj yog rau lub flint hauv lighters. Lub sijhawm ntawd, thev naus laus zis rau kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom zoo tsis tau tsim, yog li kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj thiab ntsev ntsev lossis cov hlau tsis hloov pauv (alloy) tau siv.
Txij xyoo 1960, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom zoo tau ua tau thiab cov khoom muaj nyob hauv txhua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Rau lawv cov kev lag luam, lawv tau xub siv ua cathode-ray tube phosphors rau cov xim TVs thiab ntawm lub koob yees duab siab refractive. Lawv tau mus ntxiv los pab txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoos phis tawj, lub koob yees duab digital, cov khoom siv suab thiab ntau ntxiv los ntawm lawv cov kev siv cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab cov roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lawv tau txais kev saib xyuas raws li cov khoom siv raw rau hydrogen-absorbing alloys thiab magnetostriction alloys.
