Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, daim ntawv thov ntawm lanthanide reagents nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis tau tsim los ntawm leaps thiab ciam teb. Ntawm lawv, ntau lanthanide reagents tau pom tias muaj kev xaiv catalysis hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm carbon-carbon bond tsim; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov lanthanide reagents tau pom tias muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev hauv cov organic oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov organic txo qis los hloov cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Kev siv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev ua liaj ua teb yog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tiav nrog Suav cov yam ntxwv tau los ntawm Suav cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab tau txhawb nqa kom muaj zog raws li kev ntsuas tseem ceeb kom nce kev ua liaj ua teb hauv Suav teb. Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb carbonate yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub los tsim cov ntsev thiab carbon dioxide, uas yuav siv tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ntau yam tsawg lub ntiaj teb ntsev thiab complexes yam tsis tau qhia anionic impurities. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog xws li nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, thiab sulfuric acid los tsim cov dej-soluble ntsev. React nrog phosphoric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid hloov mus rau hauv insoluble tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb phosphates thiab fluorides. React nrog ntau cov organic acids los tsim cov organic tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb sib txuas. Lawv tuaj yeem yog soluble complex cations los yog complex anions, los yog tsawg soluble neutral compounds yog precipitated nyob ntawm seb tus nqi daws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb carbonate tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv cov oxides sib xws los ntawm calcination, uas tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau hauv kev npaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Tam sim no, txhua xyoo cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj carbonate hauv Suav teb yog ntau tshaj 10,000 tons, suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb uas tsis tshua muaj, qhia tau hais tias kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev siv cov khoom siv tsawg hauv ntiaj teb carbonate plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam. lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev lag luam.
Cerium carbonate yog ib qho inorganic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula C3Ce2O9, ib qho hnyav molecular ntawm 460, logP ntawm -7.40530, PSA ntawm 198.80000, boiling point ntawm 333.6ºC ntawm 760 mmHg, thiab ib tug flash point ntawm 169.8 C. Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov av tsawg, cerium carbonate yog cov khoom siv nruab nrab rau kev npaj ntau yam khoom siv cerium xws li ntau cov ntsev ntsev thiab cerium oxide. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub teeb tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb khoom. Cov hydrated cerium carbonate siv lead ua muaj cov qauv lanthanite, thiab nws daim duab SEM qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov hydrated cerium carbonate siv lead ua yog flakes zoo li, thiab cov flakes tau khi ua ke los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog los tsim cov qauv zoo li paj, thiab cov qauv yog xoob, yog li nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhua yam quab yuam Nws yog ib qho yooj yim yuav tsum tau cleaved rau hauv me me fragments. Cerium carbonate conventionally tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tam sim no tsuas muaj 42-46% ntawm tag nrho cov tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tom qab ziab, uas txwv cov efficiency ntawm cerium carbonate.
Ib hom kev siv dej tsawg, ruaj khov zoo, cov khoom tsim cerium carbonate tsis tas yuav qhuav los yog qhuav tom qab centrifugal ziab, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 72% mus rau 74%, thiab cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim thiab ib leeg- kauj ruam txheej txheem rau kev npaj cerium carbonate nrog siab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm tsawg ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tau txais kev pom zoo: ib txoj hauv kev yog siv los npaj cov cerium carbonate nrog rau tag nrho cov nyiaj tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, uas yog, cov tshuaj cerium pub nrog cov concentration ntawm CeO240-90g / L yog rhuab ntawm 95 ° C. mus rau 105 ° C, thiab ammonium bicarbonate yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv tas li stirring kom precipitate cerium carbonate. Tus nqi ntawm ammonium bicarbonate raug kho kom pH tus nqi ntawm cov kua noj thaum kawg hloov mus rau 6.3 txog 6.5, thiab tus nqi sib ntxiv yog tsim nyog kom cov kua zaub tsis ntws tawm ntawm lub qhov. Cov tshuaj cerium pub tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cerium chloride aqueous tov, cerium sulfate aqueous tov los yog cerium nitrate aqueous tov. Pab pawg R & D ntawm UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. txais yuav txoj kev sib txuas tshiab los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ammonium bicarbonate lossis aqueous ammonium bicarbonate tov.
Cerium carbonate tuaj yeem siv los npaj cerium oxide, cerium dioxide thiab lwm yam khoom siv nano. Cov ntawv thov thiab piv txwv yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Lub iav violet anti-glare uas muaj zog absorbs ultraviolet rays thiab daj ib feem ntawm pom lub teeb. Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej qab zib-lime-silica ntab iav, nws suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv qab no hauv qhov hnyav feem pua: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8%. Alumina 0 ~ 3%, hlau oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Lub 4 hli tuab iav tau pom lub teeb xa tawm ntau dua 80%, ultraviolet transmittance tsawg dua 15%, thiab transmittance ntawm wavelengths ntawm 568-590 nm tsawg dua 15%.
2. Ib qho kev txuag hluav taws xob endothermic-txuag xim, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab cov muab tub lim yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom siv raw hauv qab no hauv qhov hnyav: 20 mus rau 35 feem ntawm silicon dioxide, thiab 8 mus rau 20 feem ntawm aluminium oxide. 4 mus rau 10 feem ntawm titanium oxide, 4 mus rau 10 qhov chaw ntawm zirconia, 1 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm zinc oxide, 1 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm magnesium oxide, 0.8 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm silicon carbide, 0.02 mus rau 0.5 qhov chaw ntawm yttrium oxide, thiab 0.01 rau 1.5 feem ntawm chromium oxide. qhov chaw, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm kaolin, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv, 0.8-5 qhov chaw ntawm carbon dub, particle loj ntawm txhua raw khoom yog 1-5 μm; nyob rau hauv, cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb muaj xws li 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm cerium carbonate 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 mus rau 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 txog 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm neodymium 0.1 meth carbonate thiab 0. nitrate; cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab yog potassium sodium carbonate; cov poov tshuaj sodium carbonate yog tov nrog tib qhov hnyav ntawm potassium carbonate thiab sodium carbonate. Qhov hnyav sib xyaw ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab yog 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 lossis 4.8: 5.2. Ntxiv mus, ib hom kev npaj ntawm endothermic zog-txuag xim yog characterized nyob rau hauv uas muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov kauj ruam:
Kauj Ruam 1, kev npaj cov muab tub lim, thawj zaug hnyav 20-35 feem ntawm silica, 8-20 qhov chaw ntawm alumina, 4-10 qhov chaw ntawm titanium oxide, 4-10 qhov chaw ntawm zirconia, thiab 1-5 qhov chaw ntawm zinc oxide los ntawm qhov hnyav. . , 1 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm magnesium oxide, 0.8 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm silicon carbide, 0.02 mus rau 0.5 qhov chaw ntawm yttrium oxide, 0.01 mus rau 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm chromium trioxide, 0.01 mus rau 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm kaolin, 0.01 mus rau 1.5 feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, 0.8 mus rau 5 qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub, thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib qho khoom sib tov kom tau txais cov muab tub lim; qhov no, cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj xws li 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qhov chaw ntawm neodymium carbonate thiab 0.01 ~ 1.5 qhov chaw ntawm promethium nitrate;
Kauj Ruam 2, kev npaj cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab yog sodium potassium carbonate; thawj zaug hnyav poov tshuaj carbonate thiab sodium carbonate raws li qhov hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tov sib npaug kom tau txais cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab; cov sodium potassium carbonate yog tib qhov hnyav ntawm potassium carbonate thiab sodium carbonate yog tov;
Kauj Ruam 3, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab cov khoom siv zaj duab xis los ntawm qhov hnyav yog 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 lossis 4.8: 5.2, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yog sib xyaw thiab sib cais kom tau txais kev sib xyaw;
Hauv kauj ruam 4, qhov sib tov yog pob-milled rau 6-8 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom tiav tau txais los ntawm kev dhau los ntawm ib qho screen, thiab lub mesh ntawm lub vijtsam yog 1-5 μm.
3. Kev npaj ntawm ultrafine cerium oxide: Siv hydrated cerium carbonate raws li tus precursor, ultrafine cerium oxide nrog ib tug nruab nrab particle loj ntawm tsawg tshaj li 3 μm yog npaj los ntawm ncaj qha pob milling thiab calcination. Cov khoom tau txais tag nrho muaj cov qauv cubic fluorite. Raws li qhov kub ntawm calcination nce, qhov me me ntawm cov khoom txo qis, qhov loj me me faib ua qhov nqaim thiab crystallinity nce. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm polishing ntawm peb lub iav sib txawv tau pom tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm 900 ℃ thiab 1000 ℃. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau hais tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov iav saum npoo cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm polishing yog heev cuam tshuam los ntawm particle loj, crystallinity thiab nto ua hauj lwm ntawm polishing hmoov.