Polyester (Tsiaj) fiber yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Cov ris tsho ua ntawm polyester fiber yog nyob zoo, maj mam ntxuav, thiab nrawm nrawm. Polyester tseem muaj dav siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau ntim, cov xov paj muaj kev lag luam, thiab kev tsim khoom loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Polyester tau tsim sai sai thoob ntiaj teb, nce zuj zus ntawm ib nrab xyoo ntawm 7% thiab nrog cov zis loj.
Polyester ntau lawm tuaj yeem faib ua Dreethyl TereShhalate (DMT) Txoj Kev thiab Cuav) cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias tus txheej txheem tsim qauv, kev coj ua txawv txav yuav tsum tau siv cov hlau sib txuas ua ke ua catalysts. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polycondens yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, thiab lub sijhawm polycondensation yog lub botteneck rau kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov catalyst system yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm polyester thiab ua kom luv rau kev cai polycondensation.
Nroog Usbat Tech. Limited yog cov tuam txhab Suav ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv R & D, ntau lawm, thiab muab tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate, thiab tiv txuj ci Glycol. Peb tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov khoom lag luam no (cov neeg yuav khoom siv rau hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb no los pab kom peb cov khoom siv uas ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab muaj kev sib tw ntau ntawm polyester fiber ntau cov khoom lag luam.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws feem ntau ntseeg tias Polyester Polycondensic yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm carbonyl oxygen kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm catalysis. Rau cov polycondensation, txij li lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntom ntawm carbonysging oxygen hauv pawg hlau yog lub siab thaum ua kev sib koom tes, los pab txhawb kev sib koom tes thiab saw txuas txuas ntxiv.
Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv ua polyester catalysts: L, Guaranidines, leej fajrur-muaj cov lus teb organic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov catalysts uas tau siv tam sim no thiab kawm hauv kev lag luam ntau ntau sb, ge, thiab ti series cov tebchaw. Coob tus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias: GE-based catalysts muaj tsawg yam kev tsis zoo thiab tsim cov kev ua zoo, tab sis lawv cov haujlwm tsis siab, thiab lawv muaj ob peb yam khoom siv thiab kim; Ti-raws li catalysts muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab nrawm nrawm nrawm, thiab lawv feem ntau tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom siv, PTT, PCT, thiab lwm yam; SB-raws catalysts tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom nquag plias. Cov khoom lag luam zoo yog vim tias SB-based catalysts yog nquag ntau dua, muaj tsawg dua cov kev sib raug zoo, thiab yog pheej yig dua. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav. Ntawm lawv, feem ntau siv SB-based catalysts yog tus tswv lag luam trioxexide (sb2o3), tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate (sb (ch3coo) 3), thiab lwm yam.
Saib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm kev lag luam polyester, peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau tias ntau dua 90% ntawm cov nroj tsuag polyester hauv ntiaj teb siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua catalysts. Los ntawm 2000, Tuam Tshoj tau qhia ntau lub ntsej muag, txhua yam uas siv rau cov neeg pleev xim ua kom zoo li catalysts, feem ntau sb2o3 thiab sb (ch3coo) 3. Los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Suav kev tshawb fawb, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab ob lub chaw tsim khoom, no tau ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Txij li xyoo 1999, Fabkis Tshuaj Tuam Txhab Elf tau tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce Lub polyester chips tsim muaj siab dawb huv si thiab zoo spinnability, uas tau nyiam zoo nkauj ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb hauv tsev, thiab polyester tuam ntxhab nyob rau hauv Suav teb.
I. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev thov ntawm tus kwv yees trioxexide
Tebchaws Asmeskas yog ib lub teb chaws ntxov tshaj plaws los tsim thiab thov SB2O3. Xyoo 1961, kev noj ntawm SB2O3 hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas tau mus txog 4,943 tons. Xyoo 1970, tsib lub tuam txhab hauv Nyij Pooj tsim SB2O3 nrog tag nrho cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm 6,360 tons ib xyoo.
Tuam Tshoj lub ntsiab sb2o3 kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb yog feem ntau pom nyob rau yav dhau los lub xeev cov chaw lag luam hauv Hunan lub xeev thiab Shanghai. Nroog Usbat Tech. Limited tseem tau tsim cov kab ntau heev hauv Hunan xeev.
(I). Txoj kev rau kev ua tau cov neeg ua kom cov tshuaj ib sab
Kev tsim khoom ntawm sb2o3 feem ntau siv cov tshuaj pleev cov tshuaj pleev ib ce sulfide ore ua cov khoom siv raw. Hlau Antimony yog thawj npaj, thiab tom qab ntawd SB2O3 yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tshiab hlau ua cov khoom siv.
Muaj ob txoj kev tseem ceeb rau kev tsim SB2O3 los ntawm xim hlau tawv nqaij: ncaj qha oxidation thiab nitrogen decomposition.
1. Txoj kev oxidation ncaj qha
Hlau antimony reacts nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv cov cua kub kom tsim sb2o3. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv yog raws li hauv qab no:
4sb + 3o2 == 2sb2o3
2. Ammonolysis
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj txhuam nrog cov tshuaj chlorine los ua kom zoo nkauj, uas yog distilled, hydrolyzed, ntxuav, thiab qhuav kom tau txais cov tiav sb2o3 khoom. Qhov yooj yim cov kev tiv thaiv yog:
2sb + 3Cl2 == 2SBCL3
SBCL3 + H2O == SBOCL + 2HCL
4sbocl + h2o == sb2o3 · 2Sbocl + 2hcl
Sb2o3 · 2 · 2Sbocl + Oh == 2SB2O3 + 2NH4CL + H2O
(II). Siv los ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv trioxexide
Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib pliag yog ib qho catalyst rau polymerase thiab cov nplaim taws retardant rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam polyester, sb2o3 tau siv ua ntej ua catalyst. SB2O3 feem ntau yog siv ua polycondensation catalyst rau txoj kev DMT thiab txoj kev PTA thaum ntxov thiab feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog H3po4 lossis nws cov enzymes.
(III). Cov teeb meem uas cov neeg tiv thaiv trioxexide
SB2O3 muaj solubility tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ethylene glycol, nrog rau ib tug solubility ntawm tsuas yog 4.04% ntawm 150 ° C. Yog li ntawd, thaum ethylene glycol yog siv los npaj cov catalyst, sb2o3 muaj kev ua kom yooj yim, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, thiab coj teeb meem rau kiv. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov solubility thiab dispersibility ntawm sb2o3 hauv ethylene glyylene glyylene glycolen lossis nce cov kev sib cais kub rau saum 150 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, siab dua 120 ° C, sb2o3 thiab ethylene glycol tej yam kev tawm tsam thaum lawv ua ua ke ntev ntev, thiab sb2o3 tuaj yeem ua rau "pos huab seev cev thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam.
Ii. Tshawb nrhiav thiab kev thov ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate
Kev npaj npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate
Thaum xub thawj, tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate tau npaj los ntawm reacting los ntawm acetic acid, thiab acetic anhydride tau siv los ua cov dej khov dej los nqus cov dej los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom tiav tau los ntawm cov qauv no tsis siab, thiab nws siv ntau dua 30 teev rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab kom yaj. Tom qab ntawd, tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate tau npaj los ntawm reachloride antimer, lossis cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tsim qauv nrog actict anhydride, yam tsis muaj kev xav tau lub cev qhuav dej.
1. Cov qauv qub trichhloride
Xyoo 1947, H. Schmidt li al. Nyob rau sab hnub poob lub teb chaws Yelemees npaj sb (ch3coo) 3 los ntawm reabting sbcl3 nrog acetic anhydride. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj muaj raws li hauv qab no:
SBCL3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == SB (CH3COO) 3 + 3CH3COCL
2. Cov neeg siv nyiaj los ntawm cov qauv hlau
Xyoo 1954, Tapaybea ntawm lub sijhawm qub ntawm Soviet Union Npaj Ua Qhuas SB (Ch3Coo) 3 los ntawm Roycting Metialall Animony thiab Peroxyacetyl hauv kev daws teeb meem benzene. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj yog:
SB + (Ch3Coo) 2 == SB (CH3COO) 3
3. Cov qauv qub trioxide
Xyoo 1957, F. Nerdel ntawm West Lub Tebchaws Yelemees siv SB2O3 kom hnov mob nrog acetic anhydride kom tsim sb (ch3coo) 3.
SB2O3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == 2SB (CH3COO) 3
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias lub muaju zoo li sib sau ua ke rau hauv phab ntsa loj thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab xim tsis zoo thiab xim.
4. Animent Trioxide Taus Txoj Kev
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev ua luv luv ntawm cov qauv saum toj no, lub nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab yog feem ntau ntxiv thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sb2o3 thiab acetic anhydride. Cov txheej txheem npaj tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Hauv xyoo 1968, R. Thoms ntawm Asmeskas Mosun Chemical Tshuaj tshaj tawm tias patent ntawm kev npaj ntawm tshuaj pleev ensetate. Tus patent siv xlene (O-, P-X - Xylene, lossis sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv nruab nrab) ua nruab nrab ntawm cov muaju zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.
(2) Xyoo 1973, Czech Republic tsim ib txoj kev rau kev tsim cov tshuaj txhuam uas zoo siab siv toluene raws li cov kuab tshuaj.
III. Kev sib piv ntawm peb cov tshuaj pleev ib ce
| Cov neeg ua kom tus neeg saib xyuas | Tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate | Chim rau cov huab cua | |
| Cov Khoom Yooj Yim | Feem ntau hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav huv dawb, molecular formula sb 29, molecular hnyav 291, hmoov dawb, melting point 656 ℃. Theoretical tej pajtes antiment antiment yog kwv yees li 83,53%. Tus txheeb ze ceev ceev 5.20g / ml. Soluble hauv concocloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, muaj cov kua qaub, insoluble hauv dej, dej cawv, dilute sulfuric acid. | Molecular mis sb (AC) 3, molecular hnyav 2 2 2 ℃, tsis muaj hmoov ntawm ethylene glycol, tolreene glycol, tolreene glycol, toluene thiab xyab. | Molecular mis sb 2 (piv txwv li) 3, lub cev hnyav li 423.67%, cov tsos niam txiv siab yog> 100 ℃ (decting, yooj yim, yooj yim kom nqus noo noo. Nws yog yooj yim soluble hauv ethylene glycol. |
| Cov qauv hluavtaws thiab thev naus laus zis | Mas synthesized los ntawm stibnite txoj kev: 2sb 2 s 3 + → 2 o 3Nnite / stanbul 2 o 3 + → Cua sov thiab fuming → collecture thiab fuming → kev sau | Cov kev lag luam feem ntau siv SB 2 O 3 -Soltent Txuj Ci rau Synthesis: SB2O3 + → Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob → Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob → Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub xeev ntub dej, thiab cov khoom siv tsim khoom yuav tsum tau qhuav. | Kev lag luam feem ntau siv SB 2 O 3 txoj kev los ua ke: SB 2 → Secolorization → Secolorization → Kev Pub Cuam Tshuam → Kev pub mis thiab qhuav Yuav tsum tau cais los ntawm dej los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hydrolysis. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv cov ethylene glyylene glyylene glyylene glycol thiab tshem cov dej. |
| Yam uas pab | Tus nqi yog tus nqi kuj pheej yig, nws yog qhov yooj yim siv, muaj kev ua haujlwm me me thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv. | Antauses Acetate muaj solubility zoo nyob rau hauv ethylene glycoliciency ntawm ethance glyaliciency, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua, muaj kev ruaj khov; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, siv tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate raws li catalyst tsis tas ntxiv ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov cat-catalyst thiab lub stabilizer thiab stabilizer. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce acetate catetate catalty catetate cataltysic system yog qhov mob me, thiab tshwj xeeb yog xim, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj li ntawm tus saib xyuas trioxide (sB 2 o 3) system. | Cov catalyst muaj lub siab ua haujlwm siab nyob hauv ethylene glycole glycole glycole; Pes tsawg valent antiment, thiab impurities xws li cov teeb meem hlau, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polyclene thiab cov solubolation SB (AC) 3, tus nqi ntawm sb 3+ uas ua si lub luag haujlwm catalytic yog qhov ntau dua. Cov xim ntawm polyester khoom tsim los ntawm SB 2 (piv txwv li) 3 yog qhov zoo dua li ntawm SB 2 o tau zoo dua li cov thawj, ua rau cov khoom lag luam ci dua thiab dawb; |
| Ib yam uas tab kaum | Lub solubility nyob rau hauv ethylene glycol yog neeg pluag, tsuas yog 4.04% ntawm 150 ° C. Hauv kev xyaum, Ethylene glycol yog ntau dhau los yog kev sib cais kub nce mus rau saum 150 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum sb 2 o 3 reacts nrog ethylene glycol rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm 120 ° C, uas tuaj yeem ua rau "Grey posr" hauv polyester chips thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm polyvalent antimony oxides tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm npaj ntawm SB 2 O 3, thiab kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj ntawm cov tshuaj pleev tau cuam tshuam. | Cov tshuaj ntxuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov catalyst tseem tsawg; Acetic acid impetities tau nkag clotrode cov cuab yeej, ua kom ib puag ncig, thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev kho kom dej khib nyiab; Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog ua rau ib puag ncig, kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo, muaj cov kuab paug, thiab cov khoom lag luam yooj yim hloov xim. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom decompose thaum rhuab, thiab cov khoom siv hydrocysis yog SB2O3 thiab Ch3COOH. Cov chaw nyob hauv lub sijhawm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem polycondens zaum kawg, uas yog qhov siab dua li SB2O3 system. | Kev siv ntawm SB 2 (piv txwv li) 3 nce cov catalyst tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej (feem tus nqi nce tsuas yog siv rau kev siv 25% ntawm kev siv tus kheej ntawm cov filaments). Tsis tas li ntawd, B qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom Hue nce me ntsis. |