Kuyini okuvamile emhlabeni?
Imihlaba engavamile, eyaziwa nangokuthi izinto zomhlaba ezingafaniyo, zibhekisele ezintweni eziyi-17 etafuleni lesikhathi esifaka uchungechunge lwe-lanthanide kusuka ku-athomun Numbers 57, i-lanthanum (Lu) kuya ku-71, i-SC) kanye ne-yttrium (y).
Esuka egameni, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi lokhu "akuvamile," kodwa ngokweminyaka ebekiwe (isilinganiso esiqinisekiswayo sokukhiqiza sonyaka sikhiqizwa sonyaka) kanye nokuningi kakhulu kuno-LED noma i-zinc.
Ngokusebenzisa ngempumelelo imihlaba engavamile, umuntu angalindela izinguquko ezinkulu kubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile; Izinguquko ezinjengokwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngokusebenza okusha, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqina kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwamandla okuthuthukile kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi nemishini.
Mayelana ne-rare-Earth Earth oxides
Iqembu le-Rare-Earth Earth oxides kwesinye isikhathi libizwa ngokuthi yimihlaba engavamile noma kwesinye isikhathi njengeReo. Ezinye izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile zitholile zihle kakhulu ezihlelweni zoMhlaba eMetAllurgy, ceramics, ukwenza ingilazi, udayi, ama-lasers, amathelevishini nezinye izingxenye zikagesi. Ukubaluleka kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile kuvame ukuvela. Kufanele kubhekwe, futhi, ukuthi iningi lezinto zokwakha zomhlaba ezingandile ezinezinto ezinezimboni ziyinkambiso, noma zitholakala ku-oxides.
Mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemboni ngobuningi kanye nezezimali ezingandile zomhlaba oxides, ukusetshenziswa kwazo eCatalysts Catalysis), ezimbonini ezihlobene nengilazi (ukwenziwa kwengilazi, ukugcoba okuhlobene nokukhiqiza ama-magnets of Earth oxides. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zezimboni zithinta imboni ye-metallurgy (esetshenziswa njengezengezo ku-FE noma i-AL Metal Alloys), ama-ceramics (ngokukhethekile esimweni se-y), izicelo ezihlobene nokukhanyisa (ngesimo se-phospors), noma amaseli we-olpoy aqinile, noma amaseli aqinile kaphethiloli, phakathi kokunye. Ngokwengeziwe, kepha akubalulekile kangako, kunezicelo eziphansi eziphansi, njengokusetshenziswa kwe-biomedical kwezinhlelo ze-nanopartartarticated equkethe umhlaba ongenawo oxides wezokwelapha umdlavuza noma njengoba ama-suncrens cosmetics wokuvikelwa kwesikhumba.
Mayelana namakhompiyutha asemhlabeni are-Earth
Amakhompiyutha aphezulu amsulwa akhiqizwa kusuka ku-ores ngale ndlela elandelayo: Ukuhlushwa ngokomzimba (isib. Ukuhlanza), ukuhlukaniswa kwesixazululo, ukudilizwa kwesixazululo), ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okuvamile ngokungenisa i-solvent, umhlaba ngamunye onqabile. Ekugcineni lezi zinhlanganisela zikha i-carbonate ethengiswayo, i-hydroxide, ama-phosphates kanye nama-fluorides.
Cishe ama-40% okukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile komhlaba asetshenziswa efomini lensimbi - ekwenzeni ama-magnets, ama-electrode ebhethri, kanye nama-alloys. Izinsimbi zenziwa kusuka kumakhompiyutha angenhla ngogesi wokushisa okushisa kasawoti okushisa kanye nokwehliswa kwezinga lokushisa okuphezulu nge-metallic recrandants, ngokwesibonelo, i-calcium noma i-lanthanum.
Imihlaba engavamile isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kokulandelayo:
●Mama-agnets (afinyelela kuma-100 ama-magnets ngemoto entsha)
● Ama-Catalysts (ukuphuma kwezimoto kanye nokuqhekeka kukaphethiloli)
● Ama-polishing polishing powders ezikrinini zethelevishini namadiski wokugcina we-Glass Data
● Amabhethri aqashelwa kabusha (ikakhulukazi izimoto ezi-hybrid)
● Izithombe (i-luminescence, i-fluorescence namadivayisi wokukhanyisa wokukhanya)
● Ama-Magnets kanye nama-Photonics kulindeleke ukuthi akhule kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo
Ama-Urbanmine anikela kukhathalogi ephelele yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye namakhompiyutha aphezulu okumsulwa kwe-Ultra. Ukubaluleka kwamakhompiyutha omhlaba angavamile kukhula ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe obuningi obukhulu futhi akunakufinyeleleka emikhiqizweni eminingi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Sihlinzeka ngemithetho yemihlaba engavamile emamaki ahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende ngamanye, ezisebenza njengezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Kuyini okuvamile emhlabeni?
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezimboni zomhlaba okungavamile kwakungenxa ye-flint ezikhaleni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwalo bekungakaze kuthuthukiswe, ngakho-ke ingxube ye-Multiple Earth kanye nezinto ezisawoti noma i-misch metal (alloy) yasetshenziswa.
Kusukela ngawo-1960, ukwahlukana nokuhlaziya kwatholakala futhi izakhiwo eziqukethwe emhlabathini ngamunye ongavamile zabonakala. Ngokuthuthuka kwabo izimboni, baqale ukusetshenziswa njenge-cathode-ray tube phospors yama-TV anemibala nakulensi yekhamera evulekayo ephezulu. Sebedlulele ukufaka isandla ekunciphiseni usayizi kanye nesisindo samakhompiyutha, amakhamera edijithali, amadivaysi alalelwayo nokuningi ngokusetshenziswa kwawo ekusebenzeni okuphezulu okuphezulu kwama-magnets nama-requable.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, bebelokhu bethola ukunakwa njengento eluhlaza yama-hydrogen-influng alloys kanye ne-magnetoodrintrinty alloys.
