1. Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-Polysilicon: Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umfula ongezansi ugxile kuma-semiconductors e-photovoltaic
I-Polysilicon ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ku-silicon yezimboni, i-chlorine ne-hydrogen, futhi itholakala phezulu nomfula wamaketanga emboni ye-photovoltaic kanye ne-semiconductor. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, indlela yamanje yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon evamile emhlabeni iyindlela ye-Siemens elungisiwe, ngaphandle kwaseShayina, ngaphezu kuka-95% we-polysilicon ekhiqizwa indlela ye-Siemens eguquliwe. Ekulungiseni i-polysilicon ngendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe, okokuqala, igesi ye-chlorine ihlanganiswa negesi ye-hydrogen ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen chloride, bese isabela ne-silicon powder ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokugaya i-silicon yezimboni ukuze ikhiqize i-trichlorosilane, ebuye iyancipha igesi ye-hydrogen ukukhiqiza i-polysilicon. I-silicon ye-polycrystalline ingancibilika futhi ipholiswe ukwenza i-polycrystalline ingots ye-silicon, futhi i-silicon ye-monocrystalline nayo ingakhiqizwa yi-Czochralski noma i-zone melting. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polycrystalline silicon, i-silicon eyodwa ye-crystal yakhiwe ngezinhlamvu zekristalu ezinomumo wekristalu ofanayo, ngakho inokuhanjiswa kukagesi okungcono nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa. Kokubili ama-silicon ingots e-polycrystalline kanye nezinduku ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline zingaphinde zisikwe futhi zicutshungulwe zibe ama-wafer e-silicon namaseli, wona abe izingxenye ezibalulekile zamamojula we-photovoltaic futhi asetshenziswe ensimini ye-photovoltaic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crystal silicon wafers angabuye abunjwe abe ama-silicone wafers ngokugaya ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukupholisha, i-epitaxy, ukuhlanza nezinye izinqubo, ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto ze-substrate zamadivaysi e-semiconductor electronic.
Okuqukethwe kokungcola kwe-polysilicon kuyadingeka ngokuqinile, futhi imboni inezici zokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye nezithiyo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe. Njengoba ukuhlanzeka kwe-polysilicon kuzothinta kakhulu inqubo yokudweba kwe-crystal crystal eyodwa, izidingo zokuhlanzeka ziqine kakhulu. Ubumsulwa obuncane be-polysilicon bungama-99.9999%, kanti obuphezulu busondele ngokungenamkhawulo ku-100%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina zibeka phambili izidingo ezicacile zokuqukethwe kokungcola, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-polysilicon ihlukaniswe ngamabanga I, II, no-III, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-boron, i-phosphorus, i-oxygen ne-carbon kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokubhekisela. "Izimo Zokufinyelela Embonini Ye-Polysilicon" ibeka ukuthi amabhizinisi kufanele abe nohlelo oluzwakalayo lokuhlola ikhwalithi nokuphatha, futhi amazinga omkhiqizo ahambisana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zikazwelonke; ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokufinyelela nazo zidinga isikali namandla asetshenziswa amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-polysilicon, njenge-solar-grade, i-electronic-grade polysilicon Isilinganiso sephrojekthi sikhulu kunamathani angu-3000 ngonyaka kanye namathani ayi-1000 ngonyaka ngokulandelana, kanye nenani lemali elincane ekutshalweni kwezimali kwemiklamo emisha yokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokwandisa ngeke kube ngaphansi kuka-30%, ngakho-ke i-polysilicon iyimboni enemali enkulu. Ngokwezibalo ze-CPIA, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zemishini yokukhiqiza ye-polysilicon engu-10,000-tons eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-2021 inyuke kancane yafinyelela ku-103 million yuan/kt. Isizathu ukukhuphuka kwentengo yezinto zensimbi ngobuningi. Kulindeleke ukuthi izindleko zokutshala izimali esikhathini esizayo zikhuphuke ngokuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe bemishini yokukhiqiza kanye nokuncipha kwe-monomer njengoba usayizi ukhula. Ngokwemithethonqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-polysilicon yokunciphisa i-solar-grade kanye ne-electronic-grade Czochralski kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-60 kWh/kg no-100 kWh/kg ngokulandelana, futhi izidingo zezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ziqinile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kuvame ukuba sembonini yamakhemikhali. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umkhawulo wemizila yezobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa kwemishini, ukuthunywa nokusebenza kuphezulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuningi okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi inani lezindawo zokulawula lingaphezu kwe-1,000. Kunzima kwabasanda kungena. Ngokushesha funda ubuciko obuvuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kunemali ephezulu kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe embonini yokukhiqiza ye-polysilicon, ebuye ikhuthaze abakhiqizi be-polysilicon ukuba benze ukufaneleka okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokugeleza kwenqubo, ukupakisha kanye nenqubo yokuthutha.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Polysilicon: ubumsulwa bunquma ukusetshenziswa, futhi ibanga lelanga lithatha indawo evamile
I-Polycrystalline silicon, uhlobo lwe-silicon eyisisekelo, yakhiwe ngezinhlamvu zekristalu ezinomumo ohlukile wekristalu, futhi ihlanzwa ikakhulukazi ngokucutshungulwa kwe-silicon yezimboni. Ukubukeka kwe-polysilicon i-grey metallic luster, futhi indawo yokuncibilika icishe ibe ngu-1410 ℃. Ayisebenzi ekamelweni lokushisa futhi isebenza kakhulu esimweni sokuncibilika. I-Polysilicon inezakhiwo ze-semiconductor futhi iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ye-semiconductor, kodwa inani elincane lokungcola lingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa i-polysilicon. Ngokungeziwe kulokhu kuhlukaniswa okukhulunywe ngenhla ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina, ezinye izindlela ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuhlukanisa ziyethulwa lapha. Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zokuhlanzeka nokusetshenziswa, i-polysilicon ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-polysilicon yebanga lelanga kanye ne-electronic-grade polysilicon. I-polysilicon ye-solar-grade isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amaseli e-photovoltaic, kuyilapho i-polysilicon ye-electronic-grade isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesifunda ehlanganisiwe njengento eluhlaza yama-chips nokunye ukukhiqiza. Ukuhlanzeka kwe-polysilicon ye-solar-grade yi-6 ~ 8N, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kokungcola okuphelele kuyadingeka ukuba kube ngaphansi kuka-10 -6, futhi ukuhlanzeka kwe-polysilicon kufanele kufinyelele ku-99.9999% noma ngaphezulu. Izidingo zokuhlanzeka ze-electronic-grade polysilicon ziqine kakhulu, ngobuncane obungu-9N kanye nobuningi bamanje obungu-12N. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electronic-grade polysilicon kunzima kakhulu. Kunamabhizinisi ambalwa aseShayina afunde kahle ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-electronic-grade polysilicon, futhi asancike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Njengamanje, ukukhishwa kwe-polysilicon yebanga le-solar kukhulu kakhulu kunokwe-polysilicon ye-electronic-grade, kanti eyokuqala iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-13.8 kunaleyo yakamuva.
Ngokomehluko wokungcola kwe-doping kanye nohlobo lwe-conductivity yezinto ze-silicon, zingahlukaniswa zibe uhlobo lwe-P nohlobo lwe-N. Uma i-silicon ifakwe izakhi zokungcola okuvumayo, njenge-boron, i-aluminium, i-gallium, njll., ibuswa ukuqhutshwa kwembobo futhi iwuhlobo lwe-P. Uma i-silicon ifakwe izinto ezingcolile zomnikeli, njenge-phosphorus, i-arsenic, i-antimony, njll., ibuswa yi-electron conduction futhi iwuhlobo lwe-N. Amabhethri ohlobo lwe-P ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amabhethri e-BSF namabhethri e-PERC. Ngo-2021, amabhethri e-PERC azobala ngaphezu kwama-91% emakethe yomhlaba, futhi amabhethri e-BSF azosuswa. Phakathi nesikhathi lapho i-PERC ithatha indawo ye-BSF, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli ohlobo lwe-P kukhuphuke ukusuka ngaphansi kuka-20% kuya ngaphezu kuka-23%, osekusondele umkhawulo ophezulu wethiyori ongu-24.5%, kuyilapho umkhawulo ongaphezulu wethiyori we-N- amaseli ohlobo angama-28.7%, futhi amaseli ohlobo lwe-N asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni, Ngenxa yezinzuzo zesilinganiso esiphezulu se-bifacial kanye ne-coefficient yokushisa ephansi, izinkampani seziqalile ukuhambisa imigqa yokukhiqiza ngobuningi yamabhethri ohlobo lwe-N. Ngokwesibikezelo se-CPIA, inani lamabhethri ohlobo lwe-N lizokhuphuka kakhulu lisuka ku-3% liye ku-13.4% ngo-2022. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, kuphinde kusetshenziswe ibhethri lohlobo lwe-N ukuya kohlobo lwe-P. . Ngokusho kwekhwalithi ehlukile yendawo, ingahlukaniswa ibe yimpahla eminyene, i-cauliflower material kanye ne-coral material. Ingaphezulu lezinto eziminyene linezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokugoqa, elingaphansi kuka-5mm, alikho umbala ongavamile, alinasihlukanisi se-oxidation, kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu; ubuso bezinto zekholifulawa zinezinga elilinganiselwe le-concavity, 5-20mm, isigaba silinganiselwe, futhi intengo iphakathi nendawo; kuyilapho ubuso bezinto zamakhorali bunobunzima obukhulu kakhulu, Ukujula kukhulu kuno-20mm, isigaba asikhululekile, futhi intengo iphansi kakhulu. Izinto eziminyene zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukudweba i-silicon ye-monocrystalline, kuyilapho impahla ye-cauliflower nezinto zamakhorali zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza ama-wafers e-polycrystalline silicon. Ekukhiqizweni kwansuku zonke kwamabhizinisi, izinto eziminyene zingafakwa ngezinto ezingaphansi kuka-30% zekholifulawa ukukhiqiza i-silicon ye-monocrystalline. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingasindiswa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-cauliflower kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa kwekristalu ngezinga elithile. Amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele se-doping ngemva kokukala kokubili. Muva nje, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwempahla eminyene nezinto zikakholifulawa uzinzile ku-3 RMB/kg. Uma umehluko wentengo uqhubeka unwetshwa, izinkampani zingacabanga ukufaka i-doping more material ye-cauliflower ekudonsweni kwe-silicon ye-monocrystalline.
3. Inqubo: Indlela ye-Siemens ithatha okujwayelekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuba yisihluthulelo soshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-polysilicon ihlukaniswe yaba yizinyathelo ezimbili. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, impushana ye-silicon yezimboni iphendulwa nge-anhydrous hydrogen chloride ukuze kutholwe i-trichlorosilane ne-hydrogen. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-distillation nokuhlanzwa okuphindaphindiwe, i-gaseous trichlorosilane, i-dichlorodihydrosilicon ne-Silane; isinyathelo sesibili ukunciphisa igesi ephezulu ehlanzekile eshiwo ngenhla ku-silicon ye-crystalline, futhi isinyathelo sokunciphisa sihlukile endleleni ye-Siemens eguquliwe kanye nendlela yombhede we-silane fluidized. Indlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe inobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvuthiwe kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ophezulu, futhi okwamanje iwubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusetshenziswa kakhulu. Indlela yokukhiqiza ye-Siemens iwukusebenzisa i-chlorine ne-hydrogen ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-anhydrous hydrogen chloride, i-hydrogen chloride ne-silicon yezimboni eziyimpushana ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-trichlorosilane ezingeni lokushisa elithile, bese ihlukanisa, ilungise futhi ihlanze i-trichlorosilane. I-silicon ithola ukusabela kokunciphisa ukushisa esithandweni sokunciphisa i-hydrogen ukuze ithole i-silicon eyisisekelo efakwe ku-silicon core. Ngalesi sisekelo, inqubo ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe iphinde ifakwe inqubo esekelayo yokubuyisela kabusha inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efana ne-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, ne-silicon tetrachloride ekhiqizwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukunciphisa ukubuyiswa kwegesi yomsila kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-silicon tetrachloride. ubuchwepheshe. I-Hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-trichlorosilane, ne-silicon tetrachloride ku-exhaust gas zihlukaniswa ngokululama okomile. I-hydrogen ne-hydrogen chloride ingasetshenziswa kabusha ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhlanzwe nge-trichlorosilane, futhi i-trichlorosilane igaywa kabusha ngokuqondile ibe ukuncishiswa kokushisa. Ukuhlanzwa kwenziwa esithandweni, futhi i-silicon tetrachloride i-hydrogenated ukukhiqiza i-trichlorosilane, engasetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa. Lesi sinyathelo sibizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-hydrogenation ebandayo. Ngokuqaphela ukukhiqizwa kwesekhethi evaliwe, amabhizinisi anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nogesi, ngaleyo ndlela onge ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon usebenzisa indlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe e-China ihlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwehla kwenani, izindleko zokucubungula, njll. Inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe embonini yehlise kakhulu izindleko. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi zibhekisa ku-silicon yezimboni kanye ne-trichlorosilane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufaka ugesi nesitimu, kanti izindleko zokucubungula zibhekisa ezindlekweni zokuhlola nokulungisa imishini yokukhiqiza. Ngokwezibalo zika-Baichuan Yingfu zezindleko zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyimpahla ebiza kakhulu, ebiza u-41% wezindleko eziphelele, lapho i-silicon yezimboni iwumthombo oyinhloko we-silicon. Ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-silicon evame ukusetshenziswa embonini kumelela inani le-silicon elisetshenziswa ngeyunithi ngayinye yemikhiqizo ye-silicon ehlanzekile kakhulu. Indlela yokubala ukuguqula zonke izinto eziqukethe i-silicon njengempushana ye-silicon yezimboni kanye ne-trichlorosilane ekhishwe ngaphandle ibe yi-silicon emsulwa, bese kudonswa i-chlorosilane ekhishwe ngokwenani ngalinye Inani le-silicon emsulwa eguqulelwe esilinganisweni sokuqukethwe kwe-silicon. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon lizokwehla ngo-0.01 kg/kg-Si liye ku-1.09 kg/kg-Si ngo-2021. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kwe-hydrogenation ebandayo kanye nokugaywa kabusha komkhiqizo, kulindeleke ukuthi yehla ibe ngu-1.07 kg/kg ngo-2030. kg-Si. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon kwezinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu zaseShayina embonini ye-polysilicon kuphansi kunesilinganiso semboni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezimbili zazo zizodla i-1.08 kg/kg-Si kanye ne-1.05 kg/kg-Si ngokulandelana ngo-2021. Ingxenye yesibili ephezulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okubalelwa ku-32% isiyonke, lapho ugesi uhlanganisa i-30% izindleko eziphelele, okubonisa ukuthi intengo kagesi nokusebenza kahle kuseyizici ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon. Izinkomba ezimbili ezinkulu zokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa kubhekisela kunqubo yokunciphisa i-trichlorosilane ne-hydrogen ukuze kukhiqizwe impahla ye-silicon ehlanzekile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufaka phakathi ukushisa kwe-silicon core kanye ne-deposition. , ukugcinwa kokushisa, ukuvala umoya kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla enqubo. Ngo-2021, ngenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, isilinganiso esiphelele sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon sizokwehla ngo-5.3% unyaka nonyaka siye ku-63kWh/kg-Si, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncishisiwe kuzokwehla ngo-6.1% ngonyaka- ngonyaka ukuya ku-46kWh/kg-Si, okulindeleke ukuthi yehle ngokuqhubekayo ngokuzayo. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwenani nakho kuyinto ebalulekile yezindleko, kubalwa u-17%. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokusho kwedatha ye-Baichuan Yingfu, isamba sezindleko zokukhiqiza ze-polysilicon ekuqaleni kuka-June 2022 zazilinganiselwa ku-55,816 yuan/ton, inani elimaphakathi le-polysilicon emakethe lalilinganiselwa ku-260,000 yuan/ton, kanti isamba senzuzo ifinyelela ku-70% noma ngaphezulu, ngakho ihehe inani elikhulu lamaBhizinisi atshala imali ekwakheni umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthi abakhiqizi be-polysilicon banciphise izindleko, enye iwukunciphisa izindleko zempahla eluhlaza, kanti enye iwukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusayina izivumelwano zokubambisana zesikhathi eside nabakhiqizi be-silicon yezimboni, noma ukwakha amandla okukhiqiza ahlanganisiwe akhuphuka nomfula. Isibonelo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon ngokuyisisekelo zithembele ekuhlinzekeni kwazo kwe-silicon yezimboni. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngokusebenzisa amanani aphansi kagesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. Cishe u-70% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphelele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi ukunciphisa kuphinde kube isixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-silicon ye-crystalline crystalline ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, amandla amaningi okukhiqiza i-polysilicon e-China agxile ezifundeni ezinamanani aphansi kagesi njenge-Xinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, i-Sichuan ne-Yunnan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwenqubomgomo yekhabhoni emibili, kunzima ukuthola inani elikhulu lezinsiza zamandla angabizi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuze kuncishiswe kuwukwehliswa kwezindleko okungenzeka kakhulu namuhla. Indlela. Njengamanje, indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukwandisa inani lama-silicon cores esithandweni sokunciphisa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukukhishwa kweyunithi eyodwa. Njengamanje, izinhlobo zezithando zokunciphisa ezijwayelekile eShayina zingamapheya angama-36 ezinduku, amapheya angama-40 ezinduku kanye namapheya angama-48 ezinduku. Uhlobo lwesithando somlilo luthuthukisiwe lube ngamapheya angama-60 wezinduku kanye namapheya angama-72 wezinduku, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi lubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza lamabhizinisi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Siemens, indlela yombhede we-silane fluidized inezinzuzo ezintathu, eyodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, enye i-crystal edonsa okukhiphayo, kanti okwesithathu ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-CCZ obuqhubekayo be-Czochralski. Ngokwemininingwane yeGatsha Lemboni Ye-Silicon, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubanzi kwendlela yombhede we-silane fluidized kungu-33.33% wendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa kungu-10% wendlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe. Indlela yombhede we-silane fluidized inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Mayelana nokudonsa kwekristalu, izici ezibonakalayo ze-silicon eyimbudumbudu zingenza kube lula ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele i-quartz crucible kusixhumanisi senduku yokudonsa ye-crystal silicon eyodwa. I-polycrystalline silicon ne-silicon eyimbudumbudu ingakhuphula umthamo wokushaja kwesithando somlilo esisodwa ngo-29%, kuyilapho yehlisa isikhathi sokushaja ngo-41%, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudonsa kwe-silicon eyodwa yekristalu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon ye-granular ine-diameter encane kanye ne-fluidity enhle, efaneleka kakhulu indlela ye-CCZ eqhubekayo ye-Czochralski. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokudonsa i-crystal eyodwa phakathi nendawo kanye nokufinyelela okuphansi kuyindlela ye-RCZ eyodwa ye-crystal re-casting, okuwukuphakela kabusha nokudonsa i-crystal ngemva kokudonswa kwenduku eyodwa ye-crystal silicon. Umdwebo wenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, okugcina isikhathi sokupholisa se-crystal crystal rod eyodwa, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwendlela ye-CCZ eqhubekayo ye-Czochralski kuzophinde kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo se-silicon eyimbudumbudu. Nakuba i-silicon eyi-granular inobubi obuthile, njengempushana ye-silicon eyengeziwe ekhiqizwa ukungqubuzana, indawo enkulu engaphezulu kanye nokufakwa kalula kokungcola, kanye ne-hydrogen ehlanganiswe ibe yi-hydrogen ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, okulula ukuyibangela ukweqiwa, kodwa ngokwezimemezelo zakamuva ze-silicon eyimbudumbudu efanele. amabhizinisi, lezi zinkinga ziyathuthukiswa futhi Kukhona inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe.
Inqubo yombhede we-silane fluidized ivuthiwe eYurophu nase-United States, futhi isanda kuqala ngemva kokwethulwa kwamabhizinisi aseShayina. Kusukela ngawo-1980s, i-silicon yangaphandle eyimbudumbudu emelwe yi-REC ne-MEMC yaqala ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon eyimbudumbudu futhi yaqaphela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza we-REC we-silicon eyimbudumbudu yafinyelela kumathani ayi-10,500/ngonyaka ngo-2010, futhi uma iqhathaniswa nozakwabo bakwa-Siemens ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibe nenzuzo yezindleko okungenani yama-US$2-3/kg. Ngenxa yezidingo zokudonsa ngekristalu eyodwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon eyimbudumbudu yenkampani kuma futhi ekugcineni kwamisa ukukhiqiza, kwase kuphendukela ebhizinisini elihlanganyelwe neChina ukusungula ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza elizohlanganyela ekukhiqizeni i-silicon eyimbudumbudu.
4. Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-silicon yezimboni iwumgogodla wempahla, futhi ukunikezwa kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokunwetshwa kwe-polysilicon
I-Silicon yezimboni iyisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni zaseChina kuzokhula kancane kusukela ku-2022 kuya ku-2025. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni zaseChina kusesigabeni sokunwetshwa, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka somthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo ofinyelela ku-7.4% no-8.6%, ngokulandelanayo. . Ngokwemininingwane ye-SMM, okusanda kunyukaamandla okukhiqiza i-silicon yezimbonie-China kuzoba amathani angu-890,000 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.065 ngo-2022 nango-2023. Ngokucabanga ukuthi izinkampani ze-silicon zezimboni zisazogcina izinga lokusebenzisa amandla kanye nezinga lokusebenza cishe ngama-60% ngokuzayo, i-China isanda kukhuphuka.umthamo wokukhiqiza ngo-2022 nango-2023 uzoletha ukwanda komkhiqizo ngamathani angu-320,000 namathani angu-383,000. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-GFCI,Umthamo wokukhiqiza i-silicon yezimboni zaseChina ngo-22/23/24/25 ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.90/697/6.71/6.5, ahambisana namathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.55/391/4.18/4.38.
Izinga lokukhula lezindawo ezimbili ezisele ezansi nomfula we-silicon yezimboni eziphakeme kakhulu lihamba kancane, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni zaseChina kungahlangabezana ngokuyisisekelo nokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon. Ngo-2021, amandla okukhiqiza ama-silicon ezimbonini aseChina azoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.385, okuhambisana nokuphuma kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.213, lapho i-polysilicon, i-organic silicon, nama-aluminium alloys azodla amathani angu-623,000, amathani angu-898,000, namathani angu-649,000 ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe amathani angu-780,000 okukhiphayo asetshenziselwa Ukuthekelisa. Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polysilicon, i-organic silicon, ne-aluminium alloys kuzoba ngu-19%, 28%, kanye no-20% we-silicon yezimboni, ngokulandelana. Kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, izinga lokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwe-organic silicon kulindeleke ukuthi lihlale cishe ku-10%, futhi izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium alloy lingaphansi kuka-5%. Ngakho-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi inani le-silicon yezimboni elingasetshenziselwa i-polysilicon ngo-2022-2025 lanele ngokwanele, elingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo ze-polysilicon. izidingo zokukhiqiza.
5. Ukunikezwa kwe-Polysilicon:Chinaithatha isikhundla esiphezulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kancane kancane kubuthela emabhizinisini ahamba phambili
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi kancane kancane kuhlangene eChina. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yonyaka emhlabeni wonke kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani angu-432,000 kuya kumathani angu-631,000, ngokukhula okusheshayo ngo-2021, ngenani lokukhula lika-21.11%. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke kancane kancane kwagxila e-China , futhi ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina yanda isuka ku-56.02% ngo-2017 yaya ku-80.03% ngo-2021. ithole ukuthi inani lezinkampani zaseShayina liye landa lisuka ku-4 laya ku-8, futhi inani lamandla okukhiqiza ezinye izinkampani zaseMelika naseKorea liye lehla kakhulu, liphuma emaqenjini ayishumi aphezulu, njenge-HEMOLOCK, OCI, REC kanye ne-MEMC; ukugxilwa kwemboni kukhule kakhulu, futhi isamba sokukhiqiza sezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu embonini sikhuphuke sisuka ku-57.7% saya ku-90.3%. Ngo-2021, kunezinkampani ezinhlanu zaseShayina ezibala ngaphezu kuka-10% wamandla okukhiqiza, ezibalela inani elingama-65.7%. . Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kancane kancane kwemboni ye-polysilicon iye e-China. Okokuqala, abakhiqizi be-polysilicon baseShayina banezinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ugesi kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Amaholo ezisebenzi aphansi kunawamazwe angaphandle, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke eShayina ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zamazwe angaphandle, futhi zizoqhubeka nokwehla ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe; okwesibili, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-polysilicon yaseShayina ihlala ithuthuka, iningi layo elisezingeni lokuqala le-solar-grade, futhi amabhizinisi athuthukile ngamanye asezimfuneko zokuhlanzeka. Kwenziwe intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polysilicon ephezulu ye-elekthronikhi, kancane kancane ingenisa esikhundleni se-polysilicon yasekhaya ye-electronic-grade ukuze ingeniswe kwamanye amazwe, futhi amabhizinisi ahamba phambili aseShayina agqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi e-polysilicon esezingeni le-elekthronikhi. Ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa kwama-silicon wafers e-China kungaphezulu kwama-95% womkhiqizo ophelele wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, okuye kwakhuphula kancane kancane izinga lokuzanelisa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina, esicindezele imakethe yamabhizinisi e-polysilicon aphesheya ngezinga elithile.
Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, umkhiqizo wonyaka we-polysilicon e-China uzokhula kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezicebile ngezinsiza zamandla njenge-Xinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, ne-Sichuan. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina kuzokwenyuka kusuka kumathani angama-392,000 kuye kumathani angama-505,000, okuwukunyuka kwama-28.83%. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon waseChina uvame ukukhuphuka, kepha wehlile ngo-2020 ngenxa yokuvalwa kwabakhiqizi abathile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla lamabhizinisi e-polysilicon yaseShayina belilokhu likhula ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2018, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla ngo-2021 lizofinyelela ku-97.12%. Mayelana nezifundazwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina ngo-2021 kugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanani aphansi kagesi njenge-Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, ne-Sichuan. I-Xinjiang ikhipha amathani angu-270,400, okungaphezu kwesigamu sengqikithi yomkhiqizo e-China.
Imboni ye-polysilicon yaseChina ibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokugxilisa ingqondo, nenani le-CR6 lama-77%, futhi kuzoba nokunye ukukhuphuka okukhuphukayo esikhathini esizayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Polysilicon imboni enemali ephezulu kanye nezithiyo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe. Ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi nomjikelezo wokukhiqiza uvame ukuba yiminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Kunzima ukuthi abakhiqizi abasha bangene embonini. Uma sibheka ukwanda okuhleliwe okuhleliwe kanye namaphrojekthi amasha eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, abakhiqizi be-oligopolistic embonini bazoqhubeka nokwandisa umthamo wabo wokukhiqiza ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo kanye nezinzuzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi isikhundla sabo sokubusa sizoqhubeka sikhuphuka.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina kuzoletha ukukhula okukhulu kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194 ngo-2025, okuqhubekisela phambili ukwanda kwesikali sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2021, ngokukhuphuka okubukhali kwentengo ye-polysilicon e-China, abakhiqizi abakhulu batshale imali ekwakhiweni kwemigqa emisha yokukhiqiza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo baheha abakhiqizi abasha ukuthi bajoyine imboni. Njengoba amaphrojekthi we-polysilicon azothatha okungenani unyaka owodwa nesigamu kuya kwemibili kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekukhiqizweni, ukwakhiwa okusha ngo-2021 kuzoqedwa. Amandla okukhiqiza ngokuvamile afakwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022 no-2023. Lokhu kuhambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo zephrojekthi ezintsha ezimenyezelwe abakhiqizi abakhulu njengamanje. Umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza ngo-2022-2025 ugxile kakhulu ku-2022 no-2023. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba ukunikezwa nokufunwa kwe-polysilicon kanye nenani kancane kancane kuzinza, umthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele embonini uzozinza kancane kancane. Phansi, okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula kwamandla okukhiqiza liyancipha kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla ezinkampanini ze-polysilicon lisalokhu lisezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni emibili edlule, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza amaphrojekthi amasha anyuke, futhi kuzothatha inqubo ukuze abasanda kungena bafunde kahle. ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obufanele. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla amaphrojekthi amasha e-polysilicon eminyakeni embalwa ezayo lizoba phansi. Kusukela kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2022-2025 kungabikezelwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2025 kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194.
Ukugxila komthamo wokukhiqiza phesheya kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izinga nesivinini sokwanda kokukhiqiza eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ngeke libe phezulu njengalelo laseChina. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon yaphesheya kwezilwandle ugxile kakhulu ezinkampanini ezine eziholayo, kanti ezinye zinamandla amancane okukhiqiza. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza, i-Wacker Chem ithatha ingxenye yomthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon yaphesheya. Izimboni zayo eJalimane nase-United States zinamandla okukhiqiza amathani angu-60,000 namathani angu-20,000, ngokulandelana. Ukwanda okubukhali komthamo wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 nangale kwawo kungase kubangele Ukukhathazeka ngokugcwala ngokweqile, inkampani isesimeni sokulinda futhi ibone futhi ayikahlele ukwengeza umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza. I-OCI enkulu ye-polysilicon yaseNingizimu Korea kancane kancane ithutha ulayini wayo wokukhiqiza i-polysilicon yebanga le-solar-grade iye e-Malaysia ngenkathi igcina ulayini wokuqala wokukhiqiza we-polysilicon we-electronic-grade e-China, okuhlelwe ukuthi ufinyelele amathani angu-5,000 ngo-2022. Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-OCI eMalaysia uzofinyelela amathani angu-27,000 futhi amathani angu-30,000 ngo-2020 nango-2021, ukuzuza izindleko eziphansi zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokugwema izintela eziphezulu zase-China ze-polysilicon e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Le nkampani ihlela ukukhiqiza amathani angu-95,000 kodwa usuku lokuqala alukacaci. Kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke ngezinga lamathani angu-5 000 ngonyaka eminyakeni emine ezayo. Inkampani yaseNorway i-REC inezisekelo ezimbili zokukhiqiza esifundazweni sase-Washington nase-Montana, e-USA, enamandla okukhiqiza minyaka yonke amathani angu-18,000 e-polysilicon yezinga lelanga kanye namathani angu-2,000 e-polysilicon ye-electronic-grade. I-REC, eyayisosizini olujulile lwezezimali, yakhetha ukumisa ukukhiqiza, yase igqugquzelwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ye-polysilicon ngo-2021, inkampani yanquma ukuqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwamathani ayi-18,000 wamaphrojekthi esifundazweni saseWashington kanye namathani ayi-2,000 eMontana ngasekupheleni kuka-2023. , futhi ingaqedela ukunqwabelana kwamandla okukhiqiza ngo-2024. I-Hemlock ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-polysilicon e-United States, egxile kakhulu ku-polysilicon yezinga eliphezulu le-electronic. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekukhiqizeni zenza kube nzima ukuthi imikhiqizo yenkampani ishintshwe emakethe. Kuhlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi inkampani ayihleli ukwakha amaphrojekthi amasha phakathi neminyaka embalwa, kulindeleke ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza enkampani abe ngu-2022-2025. Umphumela wonyaka usasele kumathani ayi-18,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2021, amandla amasha okukhiqiza ezinkampani ngaphandle kwalezi zinkampani ezine ezingenhla azoba amathani ayi-5,000. Ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zazo zonke izinkampani, kucatshangwa lapha ukuthi amandla amasha okukhiqiza azoba amathani angama-5,000 ngonyaka kusuka ku-2022 kuya ku-2025.
Ngokusho kwamandla okukhiqiza phesheya kwezilwandle, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaphesheya kwezilwandle ngo-2025 kuzoba amathani angaba ngu-176,000, kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla okukhiqiza i-polysilicon yaphesheya kwezilwandle alishintshile. Ngemuva kokuthi intengo ye-polysilicon ikhuphuke kakhulu ngo-2021, izinkampani zaseShayina zikhulise ukukhiqizwa futhi zandisa ukukhiqizwa. Ngokuphambene, izinkampani zaphesheya ziqaphe kakhulu ezinhlelweni zazo zamaphrojekthi amasha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubusa kwemboni ye-polysilicon sekuvele kuphethwe yi-China, futhi ukukhiqizwa okwandayo ngokungaboni kungase kulethe ukulahlekelwa. Kusukela ohlangothini lwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyisici esikhulu kunazo zonke sezindleko ze-polysilicon, ngakho-ke intengo kagesi ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi i-Xinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, i-Sichuan nezinye izifunda zinezinzuzo ezisobala. Kusukela ohlangothini lwesidingo, njengomfula oqondile we-polysilicon, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon wafer yaseChina kubala ngaphezu kuka-99% wengqikithi yomhlaba. Imboni esezansi nomfula ye-polysilicon igxile kakhulu eChina. Intengo ye-polysilicon ekhiqizwayo iphansi, izindleko zokuhamba ziphansi, futhi isidingo siqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele. Okwesibili, i-China ibeke amanani aphakeme kakhulu okulwa nokulahla ekuthengisweni kwe-polysilicon yezinga le-solar evela e-United States naseNingizimu Korea, okucindezele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-polysilicon evela e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Qaphela ekwakheni amaphrojekthi amasha; ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi e-polysilicon aphesheya kwezilwandle aseShayina ayephuza ukukhula ngenxa yomthelela wezindleko, futhi eminye imigqa yokukhiqiza iye yancishiswa noma yavalwa, futhi ingxenye yawo ekukhiqizweni komhlaba wonke iye yehla unyaka nonyaka, ngeke kuqhathaniswe nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ye-polysilicon ngo-2021 njengenzuzo ephezulu yenkampani yaseShayina, izimo zezimali azanele ukusekela ukunwetshwa kwayo okusheshayo nokukhulu komthamo wokukhiqiza.
Ngokusekelwe kwizibikezelo ezifanele zokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon e-China naphesheya kwezilwandle kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, inani elibikezelwe lokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke lingafingqwa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke ngo-2025 kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.371. Ngokwenani lesibikezelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon, isabelo se-China sengxenye yomhlaba wonke singatholakala cishe . Kulindeleke ukuthi isabelo saseChina sikhule kancane kancane sisuka ku-2022 siye ku-2025, futhi sizodlula ama-87% ngo-2025.
6, Isifinyezo kanye ne-Outlook
I-Polysilicon itholakala ezansi nomfula we-silicon yezimboni futhi phezulu nomfula wonke uchungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic ne-semiconductor, futhi isimo sayo sibaluleke kakhulu. Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic ngokuvamile luwumthamo ofakiwe we-polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic, futhi uchungechunge lwemboni ye-semiconductor ngokuvamile luyi-polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kunezidingo ezihlukene ekuhlanzekeni kwe-polysilicon. Imboni ye-photovoltaic ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-polysilicon yebanga lelanga, futhi imboni ye-semiconductor isebenzisa i-polysilicon ye-electronic-grade. Okwangaphambili kunobubanzi bokuhlanzeka obungu-6N-8N, kuyilapho okwakamuva kudinga ukuhlanzeka okungu-9N noma ngaphezulu.
Sekuyiminyaka, inqubo yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile ye-polysilicon ibe yindlela ye-Siemens ethuthukisiwe emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ezinye izinkampani ziye zahlola ngenkuthalo indlela yombhede we-silane fluidized, engase ibe nomthelela ephethinini yokukhiqiza. I-polysilicon emise okwenduku ekhiqizwa indlela ye-Siemens eguquliwe inezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, kuyilapho i-silicon eyimbudumbudu ekhiqizwa indlela yombhede we-silane fluidized inezici zokusebenzisa amandla aphansi, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphansi. . Ezinye izinkampani zaseShayina ziye zaqaphela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-silicon ye-granular kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-silicon ye-granular ukudonsa i-polysilicon, kodwa ayizange ikhuthazwe kabanzi. Ukuthi i-silicon eyimbudumbudu ingangena esikhundleni sangaphambili esikhathini esizayo kuncike ekutheni inzuzo yezindleko ingamboza ukonakala kwekhwalithi, umthelela wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwe-silane. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi kancane kancane kuhlangana ndawonye e-China. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yonyaka emhlabeni wonke kuzokwanda kusuka kumathani angu-432,000 kuya kumathani angu-631,000, ngokukhula okusheshayo ngo-2021. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke kancane kancane kwagxila kakhulu eChina, futhi ingxenye yaseChina yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon yanda isuka. 56.02% ngo-2017 kuya ku-80.03% ngo-2021. Kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-polysilicon kuzoletha ukukhula okukhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon ngo-2025 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.194 eChina, kanti ukukhiqizwa phesheya kwezilwandle kuzofinyelela amathani angu-176,000. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yomhlaba wonke ngo-2025 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.37.
(Le ndatshana ingeyereferensi ye-UrbanMines'customers kuphela futhi ayimeli noma yisiphi iseluleko sokutshalwa kwezimali)