1. I-Polysilicon Imboni Chain: Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-Downstream igxile kuma-semiconductors we-Photovoltaic
IPolysilicon ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-silicon yezimboni, i-chlorine ne-hydrogen, futhi kutholakala phezulu kwe-Photovoltaic kanye namaketanga e-semiconductor emboni. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, indlela yokukhiqiza yePolysiCon yamanje emhlabeni iyindlela eguquliwe ye-Nokia, ngaphandle kweChina, ngaphezu kwama-95% wePolysilicon akhiqizwa yindlela eguquliwe ye-Nokia. Esezinhlelweni zokulungiselela i-polysilicon ngendlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Nokia, okokuqala, igesi ye-chlorine ihlanganiswe ne-hydrogen ghlono I-polycrystallineline silicon ingancibilika futhi iphoqelwe ukwenza i-polycrystallinelinelicon ingots, kanti i-monocrystalline filicon nayo ingakhiqizwa yiCZOCHRalski noma nge-Zone ukuncibilika. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polycrystalline silico, i-silstal crystal silicon yakhiwa okusanhlamvu zekristalu nge-crystal ukuma, ngakho-ke inokuvuka okungcono kukagesi nokuguqulwa kahle. Zombili izinduku ze-silicon i-silicon kanye ne-monocrystalline izinduku ze-minocrystalline zingasikwa futhi zicutshungulwe zibe ama-silicon wafers kanye namaseli, okuzobe zibe yizingxenye eziwukhiye amamojula we-photovoltaic futhi asetshenziswa ku-Photovoltaic field. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-silicon we-silstal silicon azokwakhiwa futhi akhiwa ama-silicon weafers ngokugaya okuphindaphindiwe, okuphoqelela, i-epitaxy, ukuhlanza nezinye izinqubo, ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi we-semiconductor we-semicenductor amadivaysi kagesi we-semiconductor.
Okuqukethwe okufuywayo kwePolysilicon kuyadingeka ngokuqinile, futhi imboni inezici zokutshala imali ephezulu kanye nezithiyo eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe. Njengoba ubumsulwa bePolysilicon buzothinta kakhulu inqubo eyodwa ye-Crystal Silicon yokudweba, izidingo zobumsulwa ziqine kakhulu. Ubumsulwa obuncane bePolysilicon ngu-99.9999%, kanti eliphakeme kakhulu lisondele kakhulu ku-100%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga kazwelonke aseChina abeka izidingo ezicacile zokuqukethwe kokungcola, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ama-polysilicon ahlukaniswe ngamabanga i, ii, no-III, lapho okuqukethwe yi-Boron, ii, futhi i-oxygen nekhabhoni kuyinkomba ebalulekile yesethenjwa. "Izimo zokufinyelela embonini yePolysilicon" zichaza ukuthi amabhizinisi kumele abe nohlelo olusezingeni eliphakeme lokuhlola kanye nokuphatha, kanye namazinga omkhiqizo ahambisana namazinga kazwelonke; Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokufinyelela zidinga futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamabhizinisi ePolysilicon, njenge-polysic ebanga elisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi amaphrojekthi we-projenti angaphansi, ngakho-ke amaphrojekthi we-projenti angenayo embonini ebanzi. Ngokusho kwezibalo ze-CPIA, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zemishini yokukhiqiza ye-polysilicon yokukhiqiza i-polysilicon efakwe ku-2021 inyuke kancane yanda ku-yuan / kt. Isizathu ukukhuphuka kwentengo yezinto zokwenziwa zensimbi. Kulindelwe ukuthi izindleko zokutshala imali ngokuzayo zizokhuphuka ngentuthuko ye-Production Equech Technology kanye nokuncipha kwe-monomer njengoba usayizi unyuka. Ngokusho kwemithethonqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwePolysilicon ye-Solar-grade kanye ne-elektroniki-grade czochralski ukuncishiswa kwe-CZOCHRalSki kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-60 kWh / kg kanye nezidingo zezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ziqine. Ukukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon kuvame ukuba yilungu lemboni yamakhemikhali. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umkhawulo wemizila yezobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa kwemishini, ukukhomiswa nokusebenza kuphezulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ibandakanya ukusabela okuningana kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi inani lezindawo zokulawula lingaphezu kwe-1 000. Kunzima kubana abasha abasha ngokushesha ikakhulukazi ubuciko obuvuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, kunezingqinamba eziphakeme nezinkampani zezobuchwepheshe embonini yezokukhiqiza yePolysilicon, futhi ethuthukisa abakhiqizi bePolysilicon ukwenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe kwenqubo yokugeleza kwenqubo, ukupakisha kanye nokuhamba inqubo.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwePolysilicon: Ukuhlanzeka kunquma ukusetshenziswa, futhi ibanga lelanga lihlala kabusha
I-PolycryStalline Silico, uhlobo lwe-silicon engaphansi, luhlanganiswa ngama-crystal okusanhlamvu ngokuhlukahluka kwe-crystal, futhi kuhlanjululwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula kwe-silicon yezimboni. Ukuvela kwePorysilicon kuyinto empunga yensimbi ye-luster, futhi iphuzu lokuncibilika licishe libe ngu-1410 ℃. Akunasisebenzi ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi kukhuthele ku-molten state. I-Polysilicon ine-semiconductor Properties futhi iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ye-semiconductor, kepha inani elincane lokungcola lingakuthinta kakhulu ukuhambisa kwalo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukaniswa zePolysilicon. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa okushiwo ngenhla ngokwezindlela zikazwelonke zaseChina, kwethulwa izindlela ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlukaniswa. Ngokwezidingo ezihlukene zokuhlanzeka kanye nokusebenzisa, i-polysilicon ingahlukaniswa yaba yi-polysilicon ebangeni le-solar-grade ne-elektroniki-grade polysilicon. I-Solar-grade polysilicon isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli we-Photovoltaic, kanti ama-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesifunda ehlanganisiwe njengento ehlanganisiwe ye-chip nokunye ukukhiqizwa. Ubumsulwa be-polysilicon ebangeni le-solar-grade bungu-6 ~ 8N, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe okuphelele okuwukungcoliseka kuyadingeka ukuba ngaphansi kuka-10 -6, futhi ubumsulwa bePolysilicon kumele bufinyelele kuma-99.9999% noma ngaphezulu. Izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwe-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi ziqinile, okungenani okungenani 9n kanye ne-12n ephezulu ye-12n. Ukukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi kunzima. Kunamabhizinisi ambalwa aseChina afunda ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi, futhi basancike kakhulu ekungeniseni. Njengamanje, ukuphuma kwe-polysilicon ebangeni lelanga kukhulu kakhulu kunalokho kwe-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi, kanti kwangaphambili kungama-13,8 amahlandla angu-13.8 lokho okulandelayo.
Ngokwamehluko wokungcola kwe-doping kanye nohlobo lokuvuselelwa kwe-silicon impahla, kungahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-P-nohlobo lwe-N. Lapho i-silicon idonswa ngezinto ezivumayo zokungcola, ezinjenge-boron, i-aluminium, gallium, njll Lapho i-silicon idonswa ngezinto zokungcola ezinikelayo, njenge-phosphorus, i-arsenic, i-antimony, njll. Amabhethri we-P-Type ikakhulukazi afaka amabhethri we-BSF namabhethri e-PERC. Ku-2021, amabhethri e-Perc azolandisa ngaphezu kwama-91% emakethe yomhlaba wonke, namabhethri e-BSF azoqedwa. Ngesikhathi lapho uPerc ethatha indawo ye-BSF, ukusebenza kahle kwamangqamuzana e-P-Type kukhuphuke kungaphezulu kwama-23%, kanti amaseli aphezulu we-N-Type anezinzuzo ze-bifacial ratio kanye ne-comferations ephansi yokulinganisa, izinkampani seziqale ukuhambisa isisindo Imigqa yokukhiqiza yamabhethri ohlobo lwe-N-Type. Ngokusho kwesimo sezulu se-CPIA, inani lamabhethri ezinhlobo ze-N-Type lizokhuphuka kakhulu kusuka ku-3% libe ngu-13.4% ngo-2022. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ye-N-Type yebhethri kuzongeniswa. Ingaphezulu lezinto eziminyene linezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-concavity, ngaphansi kwama-5mm, akukho okucasulwa kombala, akukho okuhlangene komoya, nentengo ephezulu kakhulu; Ingaphezulu lezinto zekholifulawa lineziqu ezilinganiselayo ze-concavity, 5-20mm, isigaba silinganiselwe, futhi intengo iphakathi nendawo; Ngenkathi ingaphezulu le-Coral Material linokuqonda okukhulu kakhulu, ukujula kukhulu kune-20mm, isigaba sikhululekile, futhi intengo iphansi kakhulu. Izinto eziminyene zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudweba i-monocrystalline silico, kuyilapho izinto zekholifulawa kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zamakhorali zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza ama-wilicon walers we-alea. Ekukhiqizeni kwansuku zonke kwamabhizinisi, izinto eziminyene zingadonswa ngaphandle kwezinto ezingaphansi kuka-30% ukholifulawa ukukhiqiza i-monocrystalline silico. Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe zingasindiswa, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zekholifulawa kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-crystal kufinyelela ezingeni elithile. Amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanelekile se-doping ngemuva kokukala okubili. Muva nje, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwezinto ezi-material impahla kanye nekholifulawa uzinzile ngokuyisisekelo ku-3 RMB / KG. Uma umehluko wentengo unwetshwa futhi, izinkampani zingabheka nje izinto ezikhokhwayo e-monocrystalline silicon.
3. Inqubo: Indlela ye-Nokia, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuba ukhiye wokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yePolysilicon ihlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, i-silticon ye-silcon ye-anhydrous iphendulwa nge-anhydrous hydrogen chloride ukuthola i-trickorosilane ne-hydrogen. Ngemuva kokuphindwaphindwaphindwaphindwayo nokuhlanzwa, i-gaseous tricloosilane, i-dichlorodihydrosilicon kanye nesilonda; Isinyathelo sesibili ukunciphisa igesi ebumsulwa ephakeme evezwe ngenhla ku-crystalline silico, futhi isinyathelo sokunciphisa sehlukile ngendlela eguquliwe ye-Nokia kanye nendlela yokulala ecwebezelwe. Indlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Nokia inobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe bokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo, futhi njengamanje iyona ebuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu bokukhiqiza. Indlela yokukhiqiza yendabuko yendabuko ukusebenzisa i-chlorine ne-hydrogen ukuhlanganisa i-anhydrous hydrogen chloride, i-hydrogen chloride kanye ne-silicon eziyimpuphu yokuhlanganisa i-trickorosilane emazingeni okushisa athile. I-Silicon ibhekana nokusabela kokunciphisa okushisayo esithandweni sokuncishiswa kwe-hydrogen ukuthola i-silicon engaphakathi ebekwe eSilicon Core. Ngalesi sisekelo, inqubo ye-Nokia ethuthukisiwe nayo ifakwe nenqubo esekelayo yokuvuselela inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efana ne-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, kanye ne-silicon tetrachloride ekhiqizwa ekuvuseleleni igesi yokukhiqiza kanye ne-silicon tetrachloride Reuse Technology. I-Hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-trickorosilane, kanye ne-silicon tetrachloride egesi yokuphelelwa yigesi zihlukaniswe ukululama ezomile. I-Hydrogen ne-hydrogen chloride kungasetshenziswa futhi ngokuhlanzwa kanye nokuhlanzwa nge-trickorosilane, kanti iTrickorosilane ivuselelwa ngokuqondile ekunciphisweni kwe-thermal. Ukuhlanzwa kwenziwa esithandweni somlilo, futhi i-silicon tetrachloride ihlelwe yi-trickorosilane, engasetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa. Lesi sinyathelo sibizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwama-hydrogenation obandayo. Ngokubona ukukhiqizwa kwesekethe okuvalekile, amabhizinisi anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nogesi, ngaleyo ndlela elondoloze izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-polysilicon zisebenzisa indlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Nokia eChina, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwehla, izindleko zokucubungula, njll. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini iye yaqhutshwa kakhulu izindleko. Izinto ezivuthiwe ikakhulu zibhekisela kwi-silicon yasezimboni nase-Trichlorosilane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufaka ugesi kanye nomusi, kanye nezindleko zokucubungula zibhekisela ekuhlolweni nasezindleko zokulungisa zemishini yokukhiqiza. Ngokusho kwezibalo zikaBachuan Yingfu ngezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwePorysicon ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022, izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyinto ebiza kakhulu, i-accounting for 41% yezindleko eziphelele, lapho i-silicon yezimboni ingumthombo oyinhloko we-silicon. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini kumelela inani le-silicon elidliwe ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-silicon yemikhiqizo ephezulu. Indlela yokubala ukuguqula zonke izinto eziqukethe ama-silicon ezifana ne-silicon ye-silicon ye-ailticon ethosiwe ye-aillicon ye-silicon, bese ukhipha i-chlorosilane ephuthumayo ngokwesilinganiso se-silicon esihlanzekile esiguqulwe kusuka ekulinganisweni okuqukethwe kwe-silicon. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CPIA, izinga lokusebenzisa i-silicon lizokwehla ngo-0,01 kg / kg-si ku-1.09 kg / kg-si ngo-2021 Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon kwezinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu zamaShayina embonini yePolysilicon ziphansi kunesilinganiso sezimboni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezimbili zazo zizosebenzisa i-1.08 kg / kg-si kanye ne-1.05 kg / kg-thina ngokulandelana i-30% ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungu-30%, okubonisa ukuthi amanani entengo kagesi anezinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon. Izinkomba ezimbili ezinkulu zokukala ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla nokunciphisa amandla. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokuncishiswa kubhekiswa kwinqubo yokunciphisa i-Trickorosilane ne-hydrogen ukukhiqiza impahla ye-silicon ehlanzekile ephezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufaka phakathi i-silicon core preheating kanye nokubekwa esikhundleni. , Ukulondolozwa kokushisa, umoya omncane wokuphetha kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo. Ngo-2021, ngenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwamaPolysilicon kuzokwehla ngo-63KWh / kg-si, okulindeleke ukuthi kunciphe kakhulu ngokuzayo. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kuyinto ebalulekile yezindleko, accounting for 17%. Kuyaqapheleka lokho, ngokusho kwedatha yeBachuan Yingfu, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele zePolysilicon ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2022 zazingaba ngu-760 yun
Kunezindlela ezimbili zabakhiqizi bePolysilicon ukunciphisa izindleko, eyodwa ukunciphisa izindleko ezibonakalayo ezingavuthiwe, kanti enye inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokuya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe ngokusayina izivumelwano zokubambisana zesikhathi eside nabakhiqizi be-silicon zezimboni, noma ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kokukhiqizwa kwe-upstream kanye ne-downstream. Isibonelo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza ama-polyysilicon ngokuyisisekelo zincike ekuhlinzekeni kwaso kwe-silicon yezimboni. Ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, abakhiqizi banganciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngokusebenzisa amanani entengo kagesi aphansi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla. Cishe bangu-70% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphelele kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, futhi ukuncishiswa nakho kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kweCrystalline Crystalline ye-Crystalline. Ngakho-ke, amandla amaningi okukhiqiza ama-polysilicon eChina agxile ezifundeni ezinamanani kagesi aphansi anjenge-XINJIANG, iMongolia yangaphakathi, iSichuan neYunnan. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwenqubomgomo enamakhambo amabili, kunzima ukuthola inani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza zamandla abiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokuncishiswa kungukuncishiswa kwezindleko ezinokwenzeka kakhulu namuhla. Indlela. Njengamanje, indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okunciphisa ukwandisa inani lama-silicon cores esithandweni sokunciphisa, ngaleyo ndlela wandise ukuphuma kweyunithi elilodwa. Njengamanje, izinhlobo zokunciphisa izimboni ezijwayelekile eChina zingamabhangqa angama-36 ezinduku, ngamabili angama-40 ezinduku kanye namabhangqa angama-48. Uhlobo lomlilo luthuthukiselwe ama-60 ngazimbili zezinduku kanye nama-72 ngazimbili zezinduku, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, futhi libeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zeleveli yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amabhizinisi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Nokia, indlela yokulala ka-USilane fluid inezinzuzo ezintathu, enye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanti enye ikhipha amandla aphezulu e-crystal edonsa, kanti okwesithathu yilokho okuhle kakhulu ukuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile be-CCZ eqhubekayo ye-CZOCHRASSKI. Ngokwemininingwane yegatsha le-Silicon Imboni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwendlela yokulala ka-USilpe Indlela yokulala kashukela kaSilayi inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokuya nge-crystal doning, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-granurar silicon kungenza kube lula ukugcwalisa ngokugcwele i-quartz ephukile kwi-crystal silicon edonsa induku. I-Polycrystaltine Silicon ne-Granurar Silicon kungakhulisa umthamo owodwa wokushaja orructible ukushaja ama-29%, ngenkathi kunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja ngo-41%, ngcono kakhulu ukudonsa ukusebenza kwe-silico eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon e-granurar inobubanzi obuncane nobubanzi obuhle, obulungele indlela eqhubekayo ye-CCZ eqhubekayo ye-CZOCHRALSKI. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bokudonswa kwe-crystal okukodwa phakathi nendawo futhi ephansi indlela ye-rcz eyodwa ye-crystal re-casting, okuzophakela kabusha bese udonsa ikristalu ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal silicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal filicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal filicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal silicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal silicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal filicon induku ngemuva kokudonswa kwe-crystal silicon induku Umdwebo wenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, osindisa isikhathi esipholile senduku eyi-Crystal Silicon eyodwa, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphakeme. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwendlela eqhubekayo ye-CCZ eqhubekayo ye-CZOCHRASKSI nayo izokwenza isidingo se-Granurar Silicon. Yize i-gilicon e-granurar inobunzima obuthile, njenge-silicon kakhudlwana eyenziwe nge-accing, indawo enkulu yendawo kanye ne-hydrogen ehlanganiswe ku-hydrogen, kepha ngokwezimemezelo zakamuva zenziwe nge-granurar silicon Enterprise, kepha lokhu kuncishiswa futhi kwenziwa inqubekela phambili ethile.
Inqubo yokulala ka-USulane fleid ivuthiwe eYurophu nase-United States, futhi isencane ngemuva kokwethulwa kwamabhizinisi aseChina. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s, i-silicon yakwamanye amazwe emelelwa yiRec ne-MEMC yaqala ukuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwe-silico ye-granurar futhi yabona ukukhiqizwa okukhulu okuphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, umthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele we-Granurar Silicon ufinyelele kumathani we-granurar afinyelela kumathani we-10,500 ngonyaka we-2010, futhi uma uqhathaniswa nabalingani bawo be-Nokia ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaba yizinzuzo okungenani ze-US $ 2-3 / kg. Ngenxa yezidingo zokudonswa kwe-crystal eyodwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-gronur silicon yenkampani kwamisa futhi ekugcineni kwamisa ukukhiqizwa, futhi kwaphenduka umsebenzi wokuhlangana neChina ukusungula ukukhiqizwa kwe-gilicon granurar.
4. Izinto zokusetshenziswa
I-Silicon ye-Industrial iyona ebaluleke kakhulu ebonakalayo yokukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-silicon yezimboni yaseChina kuzokhula ngokuqinile ukusuka ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2021, okukhiqizwayo kokukhula kwezimboni kufinyelela ku-7.4% kanye ne-8.6%, ngokulandelana. Ngokusho kwemininingwane ye-SMM, okusanda kukhuphukaUmthamo we-Silicon Production ProductionE-China kuzoba ngamathani angama-890,000 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.065 ngonyaka ka-2022 no-2023. Ukucabanga ukuthi izinkampani ze-silicon zezimboni zisazogcina isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamanani kanye nezinga elisebenzayo elingaba ngu-60% esikhathini esizayo, kusanda kukhulaUmthamo wokukhiqiza ngo-2022 no-2023 uzoletha ukunyuswa kokukhishwa kwamathani angama-320,000 namathani angama-383,000. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-GFCI,I-China's Simbial Production Production umthamo ngo-22/3/4/4/5 ingamathani angama-5.90 / 697 / 6.71 / 6.5 million, ahambelana namathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.55 /
Izinga lokukhula kwezindawo ezimbili ezansi phansi ze-silicon eziphakeme ze-silico ezihlehlisiwe ziyinto ehamba kancane, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yaseChina ngokuyisisekelo kungakuhlangabezana nokukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon. Ngo-2021, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwezimboni waseChina uzoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-5.385, okuhambisana nokukhishwa kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-3.213, okuyi-aluminicon, ama-aluminium alloys azosebenzisa amathani angama-623,000, amathani angama-898,000, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe amathani angama-780,000 okuphuma asetshenziselwa ukuthekelisa. Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwePolysilicon, i-organic silicon, kanye ne-aluminium alloys kuzokulandisa ngo-19%, 28%, kanye nama-20% we-silicombo yezimboni, ngokulandelana. Kusuka ku-2022 kuya ku-2025, izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa kwe-silicon ye-organic kulindeleke ukuthi lihlale licishe libe ngu-10%, futhi izinga lokukhula le-aluminium alloy ekhiqizwayo liphansi kune-5%. Ngakho-ke, sikholwa ukuthi inani le-silicon yezimboni elingasetshenziselwa i-polysilicon ngo-2022-2025 linele, elingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zePolysilicon. Izidingo zokukhiqiza.
5. Ukunikezwa kwePolysilicon:Izitsha zokudlela zebumba uqoboIthatha isikhundla esivelele, kanye nokukhiqiza kancane kancane kuqoqana namabhizinisi aholayo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kukhuphuke unyaka nonyaka, futhi kancane kancane kwahlangana eChina. Kusukela ngonyaka we-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kweminyaka yonke yamaPolysilicon kukhuphuke kumathani angama-432,000 kuya ku-631,000 amathani, ngokukhula okusheshayo ngo-2021, ngezinga lokukhula elingu-21.11%. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Global Polysilicon kancane kancane kwagxila eChina, futhi isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon yaseChina sanda ngo-20.02% ngonyaka ka-2010 no-20. yehle kakhulu, ewa emaqenjini ayishumi aphezulu, njenge-hemolock, OCI, Rec ne-MEMC; Ukuhlushwa kwezimboni kukhule kakhulu, futhi inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu embonini lenyuke lisuka ku-57.7% laya ku-90.3%. Ngo-2021, kunezinkampani ezinhlanu zamaShayina ezibalwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yamandla okukhiqiza, ukubalwa kwemali ngenani lama-65.7%. . Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kancane kancane komkhakha wePolysilicon eChina. Okokuqala, abakhiqizi be-polysilicon abangamaShayina banezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokuya ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, izindleko zikagesi nezindleko zabasebenzi. Inkokhelo yabasebenzi iphansi kunaleyo yamazwe aphesheya, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza e-China ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zakwamanye amazwe, futhi zizoqhubeka nokwehla ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe; Okwesibili, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yama-polysilicon yamaShayina ihlala ithuthuka, iningi lazo lisezingeni elisezingeni lokuqala lelanga, futhi amabhizinisi athuthukile athuthukile asezingeni lokuhlanza. Kwenziwe ama-ekrolokini enziwe kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi, kancane kancane, kancane kancane bafaka i-polysilicon ye-elekthronikhi ye-elekthronikhi yokungenisa ngaphakathi, amabhizinisi aholayo amaShayina akhuthaza kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi we-polysilicon ebangeni le-elektroniki. Ukukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-Silicon Wafers e-China kungaphezu kwama-95% okukhishwa okuphelele komhlaba wonke, okuye kwandise kancane isilinganiso se-polysilicon ye-polysilicon ye-China, esiye yanciphisela imakethe yamabhizinisi aphesheya kwezilwandle ngezinga elithile.
Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukuphuma kwePolysilicon eChina kuzokwengeza ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinothile ezindaweni ezinamandla ezinjenge-XINJIANG, ne-Sichuania, neSichulia. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon yaseChina kuzokwanda kusuka kumathani angama-392,000 kuya ku-505,000, kwanda ngama-28.83%. Ngokuya komthamo wokukhiqiza, umthamo wokukhiqiza ama-polysicon we-China ubuye waba khona enkambisweni ebheke phezulu, kepha yehle ngo-2020 ngenxa yokuvalwa kwabakhiqizi abathile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusebenzisa amakhono amabhizinisi ama-polysicon amabhizinisi akhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2018, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-2021 lizofika ngo-97.12%. Ngokuya kwezifundazwe, ukukhiqizwa kwePolysiCon eChina ngo-2021 kugxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanani kagesi aphansi anjenge-XINJIANG, iMongolia yangaphakathi, neSichulia. Ukukhishwa kukaXinjiang kungamathani angama-270,400, okungaphezu kwengxenye yokukhishwa okuphelele eChina.
Imboni yePolysicIcon yaseChina ibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlushwa, ngenani le-CR6 le-77%, futhi kuzoba nomkhuba oqhubekayo ophakeme ngokuzayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon kungumkhakha onemali ephezulu kanye nezithiyo eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe. Umjikelezo wokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi nokukhiqiza uvame ukuvame iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Kunzima kubakhiqizi abasha ukungena embonini. Ukwahlulela ekunwetshisweni okuhleliwe okuhleliwe kanye namaphrojekthi amasha eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, abakhiqizi be-Oligopolistic embonini bazoqhubeka nokukhulisa amandla abo okukhiqiza ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babo kanye nobuhle babo, futhi isikhundla sabo se-monopoly sizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwePolysilicon yaseChina kuzoletha ukukhula okuphezulu okusuka ku-2022 kuya ku-2025, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaPolysilicon kuzofika amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,194 ngonyaka we-2025, ukushayela ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza sePolysilicon. Ngo-2021, ngokukhuphuka okubukhali ngentengo yePolysilicon eChina, abakhiqizi abakhulu batshalile ekwakhiweni kwemigqa emisha yokukhiqiza, futhi ngasikhathi sinye baheha abakhiqizi abasha ukuthi bajoyine imboni. Njengoba amaphrojekthi wePolysilicon azothatha okungenani ingxenye eyodwa nesigamu kuya kweminyaka emibili ekwakhiweni ukukhiqizwa, kuzoqedwa ukwakhiwa okusha ngo-2021. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ufakwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022 no-2023. Lokhu kuyahambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo ezintsha zephrojekthi ezimemezelwe ngabakhiqizi abakhulu njengamanje. Umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza ngo-2022-2025 ugxile kakhulu ngo-2022 no-2023. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba ukufunwa kwePolysilicon kanye nenani lokukhiqiza kancane, inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza embonini lizoqina kancane kancane. Phansi, okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula lokukhiqiza amandla ancipha kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamabhizinisi ePolysilicon lihlale ezingeni eliphakeme eminyakeni emibili edlule, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukuze umthamo wokukhiqiza wamaphrojekthi amasha ukuwala ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokulungiselela. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokusebenzisa amakhono amaphrojekthi amasha ePolysilicon eminyakeni embalwa ezayo azoba ngaphansi. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwePorysilicon ngo-2022-2025 kungabikezelwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwePolysilicon ngo-2025 kulindeleke ukuthi kube cishe amathani ayi-1,194 million.
Ukuqoshwa kwamandla okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle kuphakeme kakhulu, kanti izinga nesivinini sokunyuka kokukhiqiza eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ngeke kube phezulu njenge-China. Amandla okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle agxile kakhulu ezinkampanini ezine ezihola phambili, kanti ezinye ziyikhono elincane lokukhiqiza. Ngokwethawula lokukhiqiza, i-Wacker Chem ihlala uhhafu wamandla okukhiqiza ama-polysicon. Ifektri yayo eJalimane nase-United States inekhono lokukhiqiza lamathani angama-60,000 namathani angama-20,000, ngokulandelana. Ukwanda okubukhali kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-polysilicon ngo-2022 nangaphezulu kungaletha ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, inkampani isekusimweni sokulinda nokubona isimo futhi ayikahlelanga ukwengeza umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza. I-Polysilicon enkulu yaseSouth Korea i-Giant Giant ishelela umugqa womugqa wayo we-polysicon we-polysicon ngenkathi ugcina amathani angama-2020 e-2020 no-2021, ukuzungeza izindleko eziphezulu ze-Energy. polysilicon e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Inkampani ihlela ukukhiqiza amathani angama-95,000 kepha usuku lokuqala alucaci. Kulindeleke ukuthi kwandiswe izinga lamathani angama-5,000 ngonyaka ngeminyaka emine ezayo. Inkampani yaseNorway Rec I-REC inezisekelo ezimbili zokukhiqiza eWashington State naseMontana, e-I-USA, inesilinganiso sonyaka sokukhiqiza samathani ayi-18,000 e-polysilicon ebangeni lama-12,000. I-Rec, eyayisenkingeni enkulu yezimali, yakhetha ukumisa ukukhiqizwa, bese ivuswa yi-boom emaphethelweni ePolysicon ngo-2023, futhi ingakuqedela umkhiqizi omkhulu wama-polysilicon e-United States, ibheka ubumsulwa obukhulu I-Electronic-grade polysilicon. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme ezikukhiqizwayo zenza kube nzima ngemikhiqizo yenkampani ukuthi ifakwe esikhundleni emakethe. Kuhlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi inkampani ayihleleli ukwakha amaphrojekthi amasha kungakapheli iminyaka embalwa, kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza wenkampani uzoba ngu-2022-2025. Umphumela waminyaka yonke uhlala emathani ayi-18,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2021, umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza wezinkampani ngaphandle kwalezi zinkampani ezine ezingenhla kuzoba ngamathani angama-5,000. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqonda kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza zazo zonke izinkampani, kucatshangwa lapha ukuthi umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzoba amathani angama-5,000 ngonyaka ukusuka ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025.
Ngokwekhono lokukhiqizwa kwaphesheya kwezilwandle, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwaphesheya kwezilwandle ngo-2025 kuzoba amathani angu-176,000, kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-polysilicon aphesheya ahlala engashintshiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi intengo yePolysilicon ikhuphuke kakhulu ngo-2021, izinkampani zaseChina zikhule kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kanye nokukhiqizwa okunwetshiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle ziqapha kakhulu ezinhlelweni zabo zamaphrojekthi amasha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhosi bomkhakha wePolysilicon usevele ulawulwa yiChina, futhi ukukhiqizwa okwandayo okungabonakali kungaletha ukulahleka. Ukusuka ohlangothini lwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yezindleko zePolysilicon, ngakho-ke intengo kagesi ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi i-XINJIANG, iMongolia yangaphakathi, iSichuan nezinye izifunda, izifunda kanye nezinye izifunda zinezinzuzo ezisobala. Kusuka ohlangothini olufunwayo, njengokwehla ngqo kwePolysilicon, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Silicon Wafer Production okungaphezulu kwama-99% wezwe lonke. Umkhakha we-DownTream wePolysilicon ugxile kakhulu eChina. Intengo ye-polysilicon ekhiqizwayo iphansi, izindleko zokuhamba ziphansi, futhi isidingo siqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele. Okwesibili, iChina ibeke amanani entela aphezulu okulahla ukulahla ngokungeniswa kwe-polysilicon ebangeni elivela e-United States naseSouth Korea, esecindezele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwePolysilicon e-United States naseNingizimu Korea. Qaphela ekwakheni amaphrojekthi amasha; Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi aseChina phesheya kwezilwandle aphuze ukuthuthuka ngenxa yomthelela wezintela, kanti ezinye izintambo zokukhiqiza ziye zancipha noma zivaliwe, futhi izingxenye zazo zizokwehla, futhi izimo zezezimali azanele ukusekela ukwanda kwayo okusheshayo nokwakheka.
Ngokusekelwe ekubikezelweni okusebenzayo kokukhiqizwa kwePorysilicon eChina kanye phesheya kwezingu-2022 kuya ku-2025, inani elibikezelwe lokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke lingafingqelwa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2025 kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,371. Ngokusho kwenani lesimo sezulu sokukhiqizwa kwePorysilicon, isabelo saseChina se-Global Porning singatholakala cishe. Kulindeleke ukuthi isabelo seChina siyokwanda kancane kancane ukusuka ku-2022 saya ku-2025, futhi kuzodlula ama-87% ngo-2025.
6, Ukufingqa kanye Nombono
I-Polysilicon itholakala phansi kwe-silicon yezimboni kanye ne-upstream ye-Photovoltaic ne-semiconductor imboni ye-chain, futhi isimo saso sibaluleke kakhulu. I-Photovoltaic Imboni Cleach iyisimo se-polysilicon-silicon wafer-module-module-module-module-module-module chain, kanye ne-semiconductor embonini ye-polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-chip. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kunezidingo ezihlukile ekuhlanzeni kwePolysilicon. Imboni ye-Photovoltaic ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-polysilicon ebangeni leSolar-grade, futhi imboni ye-semiconductor isebenzisa ama-polysilicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi. Lowo owayesenobubanzi obuhlanzayo we-6N-8N, kanti eyokugcina idinga ubumsulwa be-9N noma ngaphezulu.
Kwaphela iminyaka, inqubo yokukhiqiza ebaluleke kakhulu yePolysilicon kube yindlela ethuthukisiwe ye-Nokia, i-Movy. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izinkampani zihlole ngenkuthalo izindleko eziphansi zombhede, ezingaba nomthelela kwiphethini yokukhiqiza. I-polysilicon ebunjiwe yinduku ekhiqizwa yi-Modified Nokia Waid inezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, izindleko eziphakeme kanye nobumsulwa obuphezulu, ngenkathi ubumsulwa obukhulu, ngenkathi ubumsulwa obukhulu, ngenkathi ubumsulwa obuphansi bokusebenzisa. Ezinye izinkampani zaseChina zithole ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo se-granurar silico kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-gilicon e-granurar ukudonsa ama-polysilicon, kepha akukhushulwa kabanzi. Ukuthi i-silicon e-granurar ingangena esikhundleni sangaphambilini esikhathini esizayo kuncike ekutheni inzuzo yezindleko ingamboza ububi bekhwalithi yekhwalithi, umphumela wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomthelela, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha kwezwe. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kukhule unyaka nonyaka, futhi kancane kancane babuthane ndawonye eChina. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, ukukhiqizwa kweminyaka yonke yamaPolysilicon kuzokwanda kusuka kumathani angama-432,000 kuya kwangama-631,000, ngokukhiqiza ama-polysilicon kancane kancane kwafakwa ku-2021. Kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2025, ukulethwa IPolysilicon izosebenza ekukhuleni okukhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwePorysilicon ngo-2025 kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.194 eChina, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwaphesheya kuzofika amathani angama-176,000. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwePorysilicon emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2025 kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,37.
(Le ndatshana ingezethenjwa kuphela zama-Urbanmines'Customers futhi ayimeleli izeluleko zokutshala imali)