Ngokuthandwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri amasha wamandla afana namabhethri e-lithium managate, izinto zazo ezinhle ezisuselwa eMangasese zidonsele ukunakwa kakhulu. Kususelwa kwimininingwane efanele, uMnyango Wezemakethe Wokucwaninga Wezimakethe we-Urbanmines Tech. Co, Ltd. wafingqa isimo sokuthuthuka komkhakha waseMangenase waseChina ukuze kubhekwe amakhasimende ethu.
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1.1 Imboni yemboni ye-Manganese
Imikhiqizo yama-manganese icebile ezinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, futhi inamandla amakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri. I-Manganese Metal iyi-silvery emhlophe, enzima futhi engenagazi. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njenge-deoxidizer, desulfurizer kanye nento ethokozisayo kwinqubo yokwenza insimbi. I-Silicon-Mananganese Alloy, Medium-Low Carromanganese kanye ne-High-Carbon Ferromanganese yimikhiqizo eyinhloko yabathengi eManganese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manganese nayo isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-cathode yaseTernary kanye nezinto zokwakha i-lithium managate, okuyindawo yohlelo lokusebenza olunamandla amakhulu okukhula okuzayo. IManinganese Ore isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi nge-metallurgical manganese kanye namakhemikhali manganese. 1) Upstream: Imayini ye-Ore nokugqoka. Izinhlobo zeManinganese Ore zifaka i-manganese ori ore, i-manganese carbonate ore, njll. 2) Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Midstream: Kungahlukaniswa kube yimikhombandlela emibili emikhulu: Indlela ye-Chemical Engineering. Imikhiqizo efana ne-manganese dioxide, i-metallic manganese, i-ferromantananese kanye ne-silicomangase icutshungulwe ngokuncishiswa kwe-sulfuric acid leashing noma ukuncishiswa kothando lukagesi. 3) Izicelo ezansize
I-1.2 Maninganese Ore: Izinsizakusebenza ezisezingeni eliphakeme zigxile phesheya, kanti iChina ithembela ekungenisweni
I-Global Maninganese Ores igxilile eNingizimu Afrika, iChina, e-Australia naseBrazil, kanye ne-China's Mananganese Ore igcinwe isikhundla sesibili emhlabeni. Izinsizakusebenza ze-Global Maningose Ore ziningi, kepha zisatshalaliswa ngokungafanele. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yomoya, kusukela ngo-December 2022, ama-World mananing ore are are amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,7, ama-37.6% atholakala eBrazil, ngo-15.9% e-Australia, kanye ne-8.2% e-Ukraine. Ngo-2022, izindawo zaseMangasese ore e-China zizoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-280, afaka ama-16,5% wenani lomhlaba wonke, nezinqolobane zalo zizobeka owesibili emhlabeni.
Amabanga we-Global Maninganese Ore Resource ahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphakeme zigxile phesheya kwezilwandle. Ama-ores ama-manganese-rich (aqukethe ama-manganese angaphezu kwama-30%) agxile eNingizimu Afrika, Gabon, Australia naseBrazil. Ibanga le-mamanganese ore liphakathi kuka-40-50%, kanye ne-akhawunti egciniwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwama-70% ezinqolobane zomhlaba. I-China ne-Ukraine bathembele kakhulu kwizinsiza ze-Ore ze-Ore zasemangane eziphansi. Kakhulu, okuqukethwe kwe-mananganese ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwama-30%, futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuthi kusetshenziswe.
Abakhiqizi be-Man Mangasese abakhulu bomhlaba baseNingizimu Afrika, Gabon nase-Australia, neChina ibalwa ngo-6%. Ngokusho komoya, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Global Maninganese Ore ngo-2022 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20, ukwehla konyaka okungu-0.5%, okunama-akhawunti aphesheya kwezilwandle. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphuma kweNingizimu Afrika, uGabon nase-Australia kunguzigidi eziyi-7.2 zezigidi ezingama-4,6 nezingu-3.3 ngokulandelana. Umphumela we-Mananganese ore e-China amathani angama-990,000. Ikulandisa ngo-5% kuphela wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-manganese ore eChina akulingani, ikakhulukazi kugxile eGuangxi, eGuizhou nezinye izindawo. Ngokusho kwe- "Ucwaningo Ngezinsizakusebenza ze-Mangasese yaseChina kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ezimbonini" (uRen Hui et al. Ngokusho kwenkonzo yezemvelo, ama-mananganese ore Resource agcinwe ngo-2022 angamathani ayizigidi ezingama-280. Isifunda esinezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zeManganese Ore Storesves yiGuangxi, ngezindawo zokugcina amathani ayizigidi eziyi-120, ezibalwa ngama-43% ezindawo zokugcina izwe; Kulandelwa uGuizhou, ngezindawo ezigcinwe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50, accounting for 43% wezindawo zokugcina izwe. 18%.
Imali yaseManganese yaseChina incane ngezinga nakubanga eliphansi. Kunezimayini ezimbalwa ezinkulu zasemanganese zase-China, futhi iningi lazo ziyi-Ores enlendayo. Ngokusho kokuthi "Ucwaningo Ngezinsizakusebenza ze-Mangasese yaseMangasese yaseChina kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ezimbonini" (uRen Hui et al.) Cishe awekho ama-orisese ama-mananganese ahlangabezana namazinga aphesheya, kanti ama-ores angenamabanga aphansi adinga ukuthi asetshenziswe kuphela ngemuva kokuthuthukisa ibanga ngokusebenza kwamaminerali.
Ukuncika kwe-Mananganese kwe-Ore e-China cishe kungama-95%. Ngenxa yebanga eliphansi le-mangelase ye-mananganese ore ye-China, ukungcola okuphezulu, izindleko eziphezulu zezimayini, nezilawuli zokuphepha eziqinile zezokuvikelwa kwezemvelo embonini yezimayini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-mamanganese yase-China kube ngunyaka nonyaka. Ngokusho kwemininingwane evela e-US Geological Survey, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Mananganese Ore yase-China kuye kwehle eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Ukukhiqizwa kwehle kakhulu kusuka ngo-2016 kuya ku-2018 no-2021. Ukukhiqizwa kwamanje konyaka kungamathani ayi-1 million. I-China ithembele kakhulu ekungeniseni ukungeniswa kwe-mangesese ore, futhi ukuncika kwayo kwangaphandle kube ngaphezulu kwama-95% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yomoya, okukhipha ama-mananganese ore e-China kuzoba ngamathani angama-990,000 ngonyaka we-2022, ngenkathi ukungeniswa kwamathani kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-29,89, ngokuncika kokungenisa okuphezulu kungama-96.8%.
1.3 electrolytic manganese: I-China Akhawunti ye-98% yokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kanye namandla okukhiqiza ahlanganisiwe
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic yaseChina yaseChina kugxilwe ezifundazweni eziphakathi nezesentshonalanga. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic yaseChina kwe-Electrolytic kugxile kakhulu eNingxia, eGuangxi, uHungan noGuizhou, ababange abangama-31%, abangama-21%, 20% no-12% ngokulandelana. Ngokusho komkhakha wensimbi, ama-electrolytic ama-electrolytic manganesese Production Production angu-98% omkhiqizi we-electrollytic we-electrollytic kanye nomkhiqizi omkhulu we-electrolytic manganese.
Imboni ye-electrolytic yaseChina yaseChina igxile ekukhiqizeni umthamo wokukhiqiza, kanye ne-Ningxia Tiayuan MaNyunuse Product Amandla okubalwa kwezimali ama-33% wenani lezwe eliphelele. Ngokusho kweBachuan Yingfu, kusukela ngoJuni 2023, amandla okukhiqiza ama-electrolytic aseChina afinyelela ku-2.455 million amathani. Izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu yiNingxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, iSouthern Manganese Group, iTiaxiong Technology, njll., Inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.71 Phakathi kwazo, imboni ye-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese inekhono lokukhiqiza lonyaka lamathani angama-800,000, afaka ama-33% wamandla okukhiqiza aphelele ezwe.
Okuthintwe yizinqubomgomo zomkhakha kanye nokushoda kwamandla,I-electrolytic manganeseukukhiqizwa kwehle eminyakeni yamuva. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokwethulwa "kwenhloso" ephindwe kabili yeChina, izinqubomgomo zokuvikela ezemvelo ziye zaba nzima, ijubane lokukhiqizwa kwangemuva liye lasuswa, futhi amandla okukhiqizwa kwamandla aqedwe ngokuqinile, futhi izici ezinjengokumiswa kwamandla kwezinye izindawo ziye zaphela. NgoJulayi 2022, iKomidi elikhethekile le-MaNgengese of China Ferroalloy Imboni Association lakhipha isiphakamiso sokunciphisa futhi sinciphise ukukhiqizwa ngo-60% ngaphezulu kwama-60%. Ngo-2022, okukhipha ama-electrolytic we-electrolytic manganese waseChina wawela kumathani angama-852,000 (Yoy-34.7%). Ngo-Okthoba 22, ikomidi le-electrolytic manganese emisha le-Metal Innovation le-China Mining Association lihlongoze inhloso yokumisa wonke umkhiqizo ngoJanuwari 2023 no-50% wokukhiqiza kusuka ngoFebhuwari. NgoNovemba 22, ikomidi le-electrolytic mangenasese metal emisha ye-China Mining Association yancoma ukuthi amabhizinisi sizoqhubeka nokumisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthuka, futhi ahlele ukukhiqizwa kumandla okukhiqiza. Silindele ukuthi ukuphuma kwama-electrolytic manganese kungeke kwandiswe kakhulu ngo-2023.
Izinga elisebenzayo lihlala liseduze kwama-50%, futhi izinga lokusebenza lizoshintsha kakhulu ngo-2022. Othintekile ngohlelo lwe-Alliance Mangani baseManlecytic izinkampani ze-Electrongenic Mangangese zizoshintsha kakhulu, ngezinga elisebenzayo lokusebenza lonyaka lingu-33.5%. Ukumiswa kokukhiqizwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenziwa kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, futhi amanani okusebenza ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi ayengama-7% kanye ne-10,5%. Ngemuva kokuthi umfelandawonye wabamba umhlangano ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amafektri e-Alliance ancishisiwe noma amise ukukhiqizwa, kanye namanani okusebenza ngo-Agasti, Septhemba nango-Okthoba ayengaphansi kwama-30%.
1.4 I-Manganese Dioxide: Iqhutshwa nguLithium Mangateate, ukukhula kokukhiqiza kungukushesha futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza ugxiliwe.
Iqhutshwa yisidingo sezinto zokwenziwa kwe-lithium managate, iChinaI-electrolytic manganese dioxideukukhiqizwa kukhule kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iqhutshwa yisidingo sezinto zokwenziwa kwe-lithium managate, isidingo se-lithium managate electrollic manganese dioxide sikhule kakhulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kweChina kuye kwanda kamuva. Ngokusho "ukubuka okufushane kokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo we-Global Maninganese naseManganese ngo-2020" (qin Deliang), ukukhishwa konyaka ka-142%. Ngokwenyusa ama-electrolytic manganenge Inethiwekhi yensimbi engenzi kahle, ukuphuma kwe-electrolytic ye-Electrolytic Mangangese kwe-2022 kuzoba ngamathani angama-268,000.
I-Electrolytic's Electrolytic Manganise Production Policy igxiliwe eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou. I-China ngumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni we-electrolytic manganese dioxide. Ngokusho kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, i-Electrolytic Mangangese DIOXIDE Production ibalwa cishe ama-73% okukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngonyaka we-2018. Ngokusho kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, i-Electrolyxic's electrolytic mananise dengwane yabalwa ngo-74,4% wokukhiqizwa kuzwelonke ngo-2020.
I-1.5 Manganese Sulfate: Ukuzuza Kukhuphuka Kwamandla ebhethri namandla Okukhiqiza Okugxilwe
I-China's Maninganese Sulfate Production Communction Akhawunti cishe ama-66% omkhiqizo wezwe, ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla okukhiqiza eGuangxi. Ngokusho kwe-qyresearch, iChina ngumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni kanye nomthengi we-manganese sulfate. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-managese sulfate okubalwa cishe cishe ama-66% omhlaba; Ingqikithi ye-Global Maninganese Sulfate Sales ngo-2021 yayicishe ibe ngamathani angama-550,000, lapho i-bhemale-ebangeni le-maNangenin Manganesese ibalwa cishe ama-41%. Inani eliphelele le-gulfate Sulfate SALES kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.54 ngonyaka we-2027, kwalo luphi ama-magenase ebangenise ebangeni le-manganese ama-subfate alingana cishe nama-73%. Ngokusho "ukubuka okufushane kwe-Global Maninganese Ore kanye nomkhiqizo weManganese waseMangenise ngo-2020" (Qin Deliang), ukukhiqizwa kwama-sulfate waseChina ngo-2020 kwakungamathani angama-479,000, agxile kakhulu eGuangxi, afaka ama-31.7%.
Ngokusho kweBachuan Yingfu, umthamo wokukhiqizwa wonyaka wobumsulwa we-China uzoba ngamathani angama-500,000 amathani angama-2022. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ugxile, i-CR3 ingama-60%. Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzoba ngamathani angama-310,000 (imboni yeTianyuan Manganengese 300,000 amathani + nanhai amathani angama-10,000).
2. Imfuno yemanganese: Inqubo yokuthuthukela kwezimboni iyasheshisa, kanye negalelo lezinto zokwenziwa ze-cathode ezisuselwa eMangenase ziyanda.
2.1 Isidingo Sendabuko: I-90% yensimbi, kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale iqinile
Imboni yensimbi i-akhawunti yama-90% wesidingo esiphansi se-manganese ore, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri we-lithium-ion ayanda. Ngokusho kwe- "IMNI EPD Conserm Bika Yonyaka (2022)",, i-Maninganese Ore isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi embonini yensimbi, ngaphezu kwama-90% e-manganesen aloy kanye ne-manganese ferroy kanye ne-manganese Ngokusho kweBachuan Yingfu, izimboni ezisezimbonini ezaphansi ze-manganese ore zingama-alloys asemanganese, ama-electrolytic manganese, namakhompiyutha ama-mananganese. Phakathi kwazo, ama-60% -80% ama-mangenasese ores asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys asemanganese (ngensimbi nokuphonsa, njll.), Kanye nama-20% ama-mangenase ores asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. I-Electrolytic Manganese (esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys, njll.), 5-10% isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakhompiyutha amamangane (asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokwakha, izisebenzi zikamagnetic, njll.)
I-Manganese yensimbi engcolile: ukufunwa komhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-20,66 eminyakeni engama-25. Ngokusho kwe-International Maninganese Association, iManganese isetshenziswa njenge-desulfurizer kanye ne-alloy esele ngohlobo lwe-carbon ephezulu, ephakathi nekhabhoni noma i-silicon-manganese kanye ne-silicon-manganese ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza sensimbi yokukhiqiza yensimbi evuthiwe. Kungavimbela ukuxhumana ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwengisisa futhi kugweme ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka. Kuthuthukisa amandla, ubulukhuni, ubulukhuni kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi. Okuqukethwe kwe-mananganese kwensimbi ekhethekile kuphakeme kunaleyo yensimbi yekhabhoni. Okuqukethwe okumaphakathi komhlaba wonke kwensimbi eluhlaza okwesikhashana kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngu-1.1%. Kusukela ngo-2021, iKhomishini Yezokuthuthukiswa Kwezwe Nezokubuyiselwa Kweminye imininingwane kanye neminye iminyango izokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kazwelonke, futhi izoqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi e-2022, ngemiphumela emangalisayo. Kusuka ku-2020 kuya ku-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kazwelonke kuzokwehla kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,065 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,013. Kulindeleke ukuthi e-China ezayo kanye nokukhishwa kwensimbi okuhlanzekile emhlabeni kuhlala kungashintshiwe.
2.2 Isidingo sebhethri: Igalelo elikhuphukayo lezinto ze-cathode ezisuselwa eMangesese
Amabhethri e-Lithium Manganese onide asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emakethe yedijithali, imakethe yamandla amancane nasemakethe yemoto yabagibeli. Banokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphepha kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kepha zinokuqina kwamandla ampofu kanye nokusebenza komjikelezo. Ngokwemininingwane ye-Xinchen, i-Lithium Mangate Mangatiate Matering Okuthunyelwe kusuka ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021 kwakungamathani angama-7.5 / 92,000 / amathani angama-202,000 ngo-2022. Lokhu kungenxa yokunyuka kwamanani entengo ye-lithium Carbonate. Ukuvuka amanani kanye nokufunwa kokusetshenziswa okulindelwe.
IManganese ye-Lithium Battery Cathodes: Kulindeleke ukuthi kube khona amathani angama-229,000 ukuba abe ngu-229,000 amathani ngo-2025, alingana namathani angama-216,000 e-manganese dioxeate kanye namathani angama-284,000 e-manganese sulfate. IManganese isetshenziswe njengoba impahla ye-lathede yamabhethri e-lithium ihlukaniswe kakhulu i-manganese yamabhethri e-terrerrary kanye nama-manganese amabhethri e-lithium managate. Ngokukhula kwamandla okuhanjiswa kwebhethri kwalesi sikhathi ngokuzayo, silinganisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweGlobal Manganese kwamandla okusebenza kwamandla aphezulu kuzokwanda kusuka ku-61,000 kuya ku-61,000 ngo-22-25. amathani akhuphuke afinyelela kumathani angama-92,000, futhi isidingo esihambisanayo se-manganese sulfate sanda kusuka kumathani angama-186,000 kuya ku-284,000 amathani (umthombo we-manganese we-cathode impahla yebhethri ye-Jernary yi-manganese sulfate); Iqhutshwa ukukhula kwesidingo sezimoto ezinamasondo ezinamasondo ezinamasondo amabili, ngokusho kolwazi lwe-Xinchen kanye ne-Boshi ngokwezidingo zamathani angama-136,000, kanye nomthombo we-mangane wase-mithium mangode we-manganese dioxide).
Imithombo yemanganese inezinzuzo zezinsizakusebenza ezicebile, amanani aphansi, kanye namafasitela aphezulu e-voltage ama-manganese asuselwa ku-manganese. Njengoba ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nenqubo yayo yokuthuthuka kwezimboni kuyashesha, amafektri ebhethri anjengeTesla, Byd, i-Catl, kanye ne-GuoCuan High-Tech sebeqalile ukuhambisa izinto ze-cathode ezihlobene nabangane. Ukukhiqiza.
Inqubo yokuthuthuka ye-Lithium Iron Manganese phosphate kulindeleke ukuthi isheshiswe. 1) Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri endalo, kunamandla okuphepha kanye namandla. Ngokusho kwenethiwekhi ye-shanghai endeferrous, i-lithium iron maNganase phosphate iyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-lithium iron phosphate. Ukungeza into ye-manganese kungakhuphula amandla ebhethri. Ubuningi bawo be-theorwetical amandla buphakeme kungu-15% ophakeme kunalokho kwe-lithium iron phosphate, futhi iqina ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ithoni elilodwa le-Iron Manganese phosphate okuqukethwe kwe-lithium manganese kungu-13%. 2) Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe: Ngenxa yokungezwa kwento ye-manganese, amabhethri e-lithium mangesese phosphate anezinkinga ezinjengokwenziwa kahle kanye nempilo yomjikelezo oncishisiwe, okungathuthukiswa nge-particle 3) ukusheshisa kwenqubo yezimboni: izinkampani zebhethri ezinjenge-catl, i-china emingulation app, i-hi-tech, i-sunwoda, njll. Izinkampani zeKathode ezinjenge-Defang Nano, uRongbai Technology, ubuchwepheshe be-Dangsheng, njll. Ukuhlelwa kwe-lithium iron manganese phosphate izinto zokwenziwa; Izimoto zeCar MUU Govaf0 Izimoto zikagesi zikagesi zifakwe amabhethri we-Lithium Iron Manganese phosphate, i-Nio iqale ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-Lithium Iron Manganese Phosphate izinto ze-Phos4p Lithium Iron phosphate.
I-Manganese ye-Lithium Iron Mangengese Phosphate Choode: Ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa okungathathi hlangothi, ukufunwa komhlaba wonke, ukufunwa kwamathani we-lithium iron malinganise phosphate i-phosphate cathode kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngamathani angama-268,000 / angama-358,000 ngamathani angama-35,000 / angama-47,000.
Ngokusho kwesibikezeli sebhethri le-Gaogong Lithium, ngo-2025, izinga lokungena emakethe ye-Lithium Iron Manian Manganese Phosphate Izinto zokwakha i-15% ziqhathaniswa nezinto zokwakha ze-lithium iron phosphate. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangelwa izimo ezingathathi hlangothi nethemba, izilinganiso zokungena ze-lithium iron mangengese phosphate eminyakeni engama-23-25 zilandelana ngo-4% / i-15%, 5% / 11% / 20%. Imakethe Yezimoto Enamasondo amabili: Silindele i-Lithium Iron Mangengese Phosphate Amabhethri asheshise ukungena eMakethe Yezimoto Ezinamasondo E-China. Amazwe aphesheya kwezilwandle ngeke abhekwe ngenxa yezindleko zokungasebenzi kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokuxinana kwamandla. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezethemba eminyakeni engama-25, i-Lithium Iron Manganese phosphate kuzodingeka izidingo ze-Cathode zingamathani ayi-1.1/10,000, kanye nesidingo esihambisanayo samathani ayizigidi eziyi-0,1. Imakethe yemoto kagesi: Ukucabanga ukuthi i-Lithium Iron Manian Maninganese phosphate ngokuphelele ingena ngokuphelele i-Lithium Iron Phosphate futhi isetshenziswa ukuthi i-Doping Iron Manganese Cathodes Cathode 257,000 / 343,000, kanye Isidingo esihambisanayo manganese singamathani angama-33,000 / angama-45,000.
Njengamanje, amanani entengo ye-mananganese ore, i-sulfate, kanye ne-electrolytic manganese asezingeni eliphansi emlandweni, futhi intengo ye-manganese dioxide isezingeni eliphakeme emlandweni. Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokulawulwa kwamandla okusebenzisa amandla okusebenzisa amandla kanye nokushoda kwamandla, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-electrolytic manganese kuncishisiwe, futhi amanani akhuphukile kakhulu, aqhuba amanani entengo yeMangenase Ore, Manganese Sulfate, kanye ne-electrolytic manganese ukusukuma. Ngemuva kuka-2022, ukufunwa phansi phansi kwehla kubuthakathaka, futhi intengo ye-electrolytic manganese ihlehlisile, kanti intengo ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yehle. Nge-manganese, i-mananganese sulfate, njll. Esikhathini eside, isidingo esiphansi se-Downstream ikakhulukazi senzelwe i-sulfate yasemanganese kanye ne-manganese dioxide kumabhethri. Ukuzuza ekwenyukeni kwevolumu ye-mamanganese-based cathode yezinto zokwenziwa kwamanani entengo, isikhungo sentengo kulindeleke ukuthi siye phezulu.