I-oda loMkhandlu Kazwelonke WeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseShayina
Inombolo 785
"Imithetho Yokuphathwa Komhlaba Engavamile" yamukelwe eMhlanganweni Ophethe wama-31 woMkhandlu Wezwe ngo-Ephreli 26, 2024, futhi imenyezelwe futhi izoqala ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba 1, 2024.
UNdunankulu uLi Qiang
Juni 22, 2024
Imithetho Yokulawulwa Komhlaba Engavamile
I-athikili 1Le Mithetho yenziwe ngemithetho efanele ukuze ivikele ngempumelelo futhi ithuthukise ngokunengqondo futhi isebenzise imithombo yomhlaba engavamile, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane, igcine ukuphepha kwemvelo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwemithombo yezwe kanye nokuphepha kwezimboni.
I-athikili 2Le Mithethonqubo izosebenza emisebenzini efana nezimayini, ukuncibilikisa, nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikiswa kwensimbi, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, ukujikeleza kwemikhiqizo, nokungenisa nokuthekelisa komhlaba ongavamile endaweni ye-People's Republic of China.
I-athikili yesi-3Umsebenzi wokuphatha umhlaba ongavamile uzosebenzisa imigqa, izimiso, izinqubomgomo, izinqumo, kanye nezinhlelo zeQembu kanye noMbuso, uhambisane nomgomo wokunikeza ukubaluleka okulinganayo ekuvikeleni izinsiza nokuzithuthukisa nokuzisebenzisa, futhi ulandele izimiso zokuhlela konke, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusungulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nentuthuko eluhlaza.
I-athikili yesi-4Imithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane ingekaHulumeni; akukho nhlangano noma umuntu ongangenela noma acekele phansi imithombo yomhlaba engavamile.
Umbuso uqinisa ukuvikeleka kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane ngokomthetho futhi usebenzisa izimayini ezivikelayo zemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane.
I-athikili yesi-5UMbuso usebenzisa uhlelo oluhlangene lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile. Umnyango Onekhono Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi WoMkhandlu Kazwelonke, kanye neminyango efanele yoMkhandlu Wezwe, uzosungula futhi uhlele ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwesu lokuthuthukisa imboni yomhlaba engavamile ngokomthetho.
I-athikili yesi-6Umbuso ukhuthaza futhi usekele ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, izinqubo ezintsha, imikhiqizo emisha, izinto ezintsha, kanye nemishini emisha embonini yomhlaba ongavamile, ngokuqhubekayo uthuthukisa izinga lokuthuthuka nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yomhlaba engavamile, futhi ukhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokukhula. -ukuphela, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile nokuluhlaza kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile.
I-athikili yesi-7Umnyango Wombuso Wezimboni Nezobuchwepheshe bolwazi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha imboni yomhlaba engavamile ezweni lonke, futhi izifundo zenza futhi zihlele ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo zokuphatha imboni yomhlaba engavamile. Umnyango wemithombo yemvelo yoMkhandlu Wombuso kanye neminye iminyango ethintekayo inomthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzi ohlobene nokuphathwa komhlaba ongavamile ngaphakathi kwezibopho zayo.
Ohulumeni babantu bendawo ezingeni lesifunda noma ngaphezulu banesibopho sokuphatha umhlaba ongavamile ezifundeni zabo. Iminyango efanele efanelekile yohulumeni babantu bendawo ezingeni noma ngaphezulu kweleveli yesifunda, njengezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi nezinsiza zemvelo, izophatha umhlaba ongavamile ngokwezibopho zayo.
Isigaba 8Umnyango wezimboni nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe boMkhandlu Kazwelonke, kanye neminyango ethintekayo yoMkhandlu Wezwe, uzonquma amabhizinisi ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye namabhizinisi angavamile okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa umhlaba futhi izimemezele emphakathini.
Ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi anqunywe yisigaba sokuqala salesi sihloko, ezinye izinhlangano nabantu ngabanye akumele bahlanganyele ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye nokuncibilikiswa komhlaba okungavamile nokuhlukaniswa.
I-athikili yesi-9Amabhizinisi ezimayini zomhlaba ayivelakancane azothola amalungelo okumba kanye namalayisense okumba ngemithetho yokuphatha imithombo yamaminerali, izimiso zokuphatha, kanye nemithetho kazwelonke efanele.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile, ukuncibilikisa, nokuhlukanisa amaphrojekthi kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho, izimiso zokuphatha, kanye nezinhlinzeko zikazwelonke ezifanele zokuphathwa kwephrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimali.
Isigaba 10UMbuso usebenzisa isamba sokulawula inani phezu kwezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye nokuncibilikiswa komhlaba okungavamile nokuhlukaniswa, futhi uthuthukise ukuphathwa okuguquguqukayo, ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nezigodlo zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nomehluko wezinhlobo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nesidingo semakethe. Izinyathelo eziqondile zizokwenziwa umnyango woMkhandlu Kazwelonke wezimboni nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ngokuhlanganyela nezisetshenziswa zemvelo zoMkhandlu Wombuso, iminyango yentuthuko nezinguquko, neminye iminyango.
Amabhizinisi ezimayini ezingavamile kanye namabhizinisi angavamile okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa kufanele athobele imithetho kazwelonke efanele yokulawula inani eliphelele.
Isigaba 11Umbuso ukhuthaza futhi usekele amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nobusebenzayo kanye nezinqubo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuphelele izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Amabhizinisi asebenzisa umhlaba wonke ajwayelekile awavunyelwe ukwenza imisebenzi yokukhiqiza esebenzisa amaminerali ayivelakancane njengempahla eluhlaza.
Isigaba 12Amabhizinisi abamba izimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho neziqondiso ezifanele mayelana nemithombo yamaminerali, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukukhiqiza okuhlanzekile, ukuphepha kokukhiqiza, nokuvikela umlilo, futhi bathole ubungozi obufanele bemvelo. ukuvimbela, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvimbela ukungcola, kanye nokulawula kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha zokukhiqiza.
Isigaba 13Ayikho inhlangano noma umuntu ongathenga, acubungule, adayise, noma athumele kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane embiwe ngokungemthetho noma yancibilikiswa futhi yahlukaniswa ngokungekho emthethweni.
Isigaba 14Umnyango wezimboni nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe boMkhandlu Kazwelonke, kanye nezinsiza zemvelo, ezohwebo, amasiko, intela, neminye iminyango yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke, uzosungula uhlelo lolwazi lokulandeleka komkhiqizo womhlaba ongavamile, uqinise ukulawulwa kokulandeleka kwemikhiqizo engavamile emhlabeni wonke. yonke inqubo, futhi ikhuthaze ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kweminyango efanele.
Amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, kanye nokuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane azosungula uhlelo lokuqopha ukugeleza komkhiqizo womhlaba, aqophe ngokweqiniso ulwazi lokugeleza kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane, futhi alufake emhlabeni ongavamile. uhlelo lolwazi lokulandeleka komkhiqizo.
Isigaba 15Ukungenisa nokuthekelisa ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, izinqubo, nezinto zokusebenza kuzohambisana nemithetho efanele kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphatha yohwebo lwangaphandle kanye nokuphathwa kokungenisa nokuthekelisa. Ezintweni ezilawulwa ukuthekelisa, zizophinde zihambisane nemithetho yokulawula ukuthekelisa kanye nemithetho yokuphatha.
Isigaba 16UMbuso uyokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokulondolozwa komhlaba ongavamile ngokuhlanganisa izinqolobane ezibonakalayo nezigciniwe ezigciniwe zezimbiwa.
Ukugcinwa kwemvelo komhlaba ongavamile kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izindawo ezigciniwe zikahulumeni nezibekelwe amabhizinisi, futhi ukwakheka nenani lezinhlobo ezigciniwe kuthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Izinyathelo ezithile zizokwenziwa Ikhomishana Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nomnyango Wezezimali WoMkhandlu Wezwe kanye neminyango enekhono yemboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, kanye neminyango yezinhlamvu kanye nempahla egciniwe.
Umnyango wezinsiza zemvelo woMkhandlu Kazwelonke, kanye neminyango ethintekayo yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke, uzoqoka izizinda zemithombo yomhlaba eziyivelakancane ngokusekelwe esidingweni sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezinqolobane, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokubaluleka. , futhi aqinise ukugadwa nokuvikelwa ngumthetho. Izinyathelo eziqondile zizokwenziwa umnyango wezinsiza zemvelo woMkhandlu Wezwe kanye neminyango efanele yoMkhandlu Wezwe.
Isigaba 17Izinhlangano zezimboni ezingavamile zizosungula futhi zithuthukise izinkambiso zemboni, ziqinise ukulawula ukuzithiba kwemboni, ziqondise amabhizinisi ukuze athobele umthetho futhi asebenze ngobuqotho, futhi akhuthaze ukuncintisana okungenzeleli.
Isigaba 18Iminyango enekhono lezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye neminye iminyango efanele (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuhlanganyela njengeminyango yokuqondisa nokuhlola) iyoqondisa futhi ihlole izimayini, ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, ukujikeleza komkhiqizo, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe umhlaba ongavamile. imithetho neziqondiso ezifanele kanye nezinhlinzeko zale Mithethonqubo kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezibopho, futhi zibhekane nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni ngokushesha ngokomthetho.
Iminyango egadayo neyokuhlola izoba nelungelo lokuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo lapho iqhuba ukugada nokuhlola:
(1) Ukucela uphiko oluhloliwe ukuthi lunikeze imibhalo nezinsiza ezifanele;
(2) Ukubuza uphiko oluhloliwe kanye nabasebenzi balo abafanelekile futhi ebadinga ukuba bachaze izimo ezihlobene nezindaba ezingaphansi kokuqondisa nokuhlolwa;
(3) Ukungena ezindaweni okusolwa ukuthi kunezenzo ezingekho emthethweni ukuze kwenziwe uphenyo futhi kuqoqwe ubufakazi;
(iv) Ashaqe imikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile, amathuluzi, nezinto zokusebenza ezihlobene nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni futhi avale amasayithi lapho kwenziwa khona izenzo ezingekho emthethweni;
(5) Ezinye izinyathelo ezinqunywe yimithetho nemithethonqubo yokuphatha.
Amayunithi ahloliwe kanye nabasebenzi abathintekayo bazosebenzisana, banikeze imibhalo efanelekile kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokweqiniso, futhi ngeke banqabe noma bavimbe.
Isigaba 19Lapho umnyango wokuqondisa nowokuhlola uqhuba umsebenzi wokuqondisa nokuhlola, ngeke kube nabasebenzi abangaphansi kwababili abagadayo nabahlolayo, futhi bazokhipha izitifiketi ezisebenzayo zokulawula umthetho.
Abasebenzi beminyango egadayo neyokuhlola kufanele bagcine kuyimfihlo izimfihlo zombuso, izimfihlo zezentengiselwano, nolwazi lomuntu siqu olufundwe ngesikhathi sokuqondisa nokuhlolwa.
Isigaba 20Noma ubani owephula izinhlinzeko zale Mithethonqubo futhi enze noma yiziphi izenzo ezilandelayo uzojeziswa nguMnyango Wezemvelo onekhono ngomthetho:
(1) Ibhizinisi lezimayini ezingavamile livukuza izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile ngaphandle kokuthola ilungelo lokumba noma ilayisensi yokumba, noma izimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ngale kwendawo yezimayini ebhaliselwe ilungelo lokumba;
(2) Izinhlangano kanye nabantu ngabanye ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi ezimayini ezingavamile bahlanganyela ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane.
Isigaba 21Lapho amabhizinisi ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye namabhizinisi angavamile okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa umhlaba ezimba izimayini ezingavamile, ukuncibilikiswa, nokuhlukanisa ngokwephula inani eliphelele lokulawulwa nokuphathwa komthamo, iminyango efanele yemithombo yemvelo kanye nezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi iyo, ngokwezibopho zayo ezihlukene. , bayale ukuba benze izilungiso, bashaqe imikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile ekhiqizwa ngokungemthetho kanye nezinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni, futhi bakhokhise inhlawulo engengaphansi kwezikhathi ezinhlanu kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi kunezinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni; uma kungekho nzuzo engekho emthethweni noma inzuzo engekho emthethweni ingaphansi kuka-RMB 500,000, inhlawulo engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 1 million kodwa engeqi ku-RMB 5 million iyokhokhiswa; lapho izimo zinzima, bayoyalwa ukuba bamise ukukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi, futhi umuntu oyinhloko ophethe, umqondisi obhekene ngqo nabanye abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqondile bayojeziswa ngumthetho.
Isigaba 22Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezinhlinzeko zale Mithethonqubo okwenza noma yiziphi lezi zenzo ezilandelayo kuzoyalwa umnyango onekhono wezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi ukuba umise isenzo esingekho emthethweni, ushaqe imikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile ekhiqizwe ngokungemthetho nenzuzo engekho emthethweni, kanye namathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza. esetshenziselwa ngokuqondile imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, futhi akhiphe inhlawulo engengaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-5 kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kunemali etholwe ngokungekho emthethweni; uma ingekho imali etholwayo ngokungekho emthethweni noma imali etholwayo ngokungemthetho ingaphansi kuka-RMB 500,000, kuyokhokhiswa inhlawulo engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 2 million kodwa engeqi ku-RMB 5 million; uma izimo zizimbi, umnyango wokugada nokuphatha imakethe uzohoxisa ilayisense yawo yebhizinisi:
(1) Izinhlangano noma abantu ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi angavamile okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa abamba iqhaza ekuncibilikiseni nasekuhlukaniseni;
(2) Amabhizinisi asebenzisa umhlaba wonke asebenzisa amaminerali ayivelakancane njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zemisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Isigaba 23Noma ubani owephula izinhlinzeko zale Mithetho ngokuthenga, ukucubungula, noma ngokudayisa imikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile embiwe ngokungemthetho noma encibilikisiwe ngokungemthetho futhi ehlukaniswe uzoyalelwa umnyango onekhono wezobuchwepheshe bemboni nolwazi kanye neminyango efanele ukuthi bayeke ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni, bashaqe okuthengwe ngokungemthetho. , ecutshunguliwe noma ithengiswe imikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane kanye nezinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni namathuluzi namathuluzi asetshenziselwa ngokuqondile imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, futhi abeke inhlawulo engengaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-5 kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kunezinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni; uma kungekho inzuzo engekho emthethweni noma izinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni zingaphansi kwama-yuan angu-500,000, inhlawulo engekho ngaphansi kwama-yuan angu-500,000 kodwa engeqi ama-yuan ayizigidi ezimbili; uma izimo zizimbi, umnyango wokugada nokuphatha imakethe uzohoxisa ilayisense yawo yebhizinisi.
Isigaba 24Ukungenisa nokuthekelisa ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, izinqubo, kanye nezinto zokusebenza okwephula imithetho efanele, izimiso zokuphatha, kanye nezinhlinzeko zale Mithethonqubo kuzojeziswa umnyango wezohwebo onekhono, wezamasiko, neminye iminyango efanele ngemisebenzi yawo futhi. ngomthetho.
Isigaba 25:Uma inkampani ehileleke ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikiswa kwensimbi, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, kanye nokuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane yehluleka ukurekhoda ngokweqiniso ulwazi lokugeleza kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane futhi ilufake ohlelweni lolwazi lokulandeleka komkhiqizo womhlaba ongavamile, izimboni kanye nomnyango wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi, kanye neminye iminyango efanele izowuyalela ukuthi ulungise inkinga ngokuhlukanisa izibopho zawo futhi ukhokhise inhlawulo engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 50,000 yuan kodwa engengaphezu kuka-RMB 200,000 yuan ebhizinisini; uma yenqaba ukulungisa inkinga, izoyalwa ukuthi imise ukukhiqiza kanye nebhizinisi, futhi umuntu oyinhloko ophethe, umqondisi obhekene ngqo nabanye abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqondile bayohlawuliswa imali engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 20,000 yuan kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-RMB 50,000 yuan. , futhi inkampani izohlawuliswa imali engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 200,000 yuan kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-RMB 1 million.
Isigaba 26Noma ubani owenqaba noma ovimbela umnyango wokuqondisa nowokuhlola ekwenzeni imisebenzi yawo yokuqondisa nokuhlola ngokomthetho uyoyalwa umnyango ophethe nokuhlola ukuba wenze izilungiso, kanye nomuntu oyinhloko ophethe, umqondisi obhekene ngqo, kanye nabanye abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqondile. izonikezwa isexwayiso, futhi inkampani izohlawuliswa imali engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 20,000 yuan kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-RMB 100,000 yuan; uma inkampani yenqaba ukulungisa, izoyalwa ukuthi imise ukukhiqiza kanye nebhizinisi, futhi umuntu oyinhloko ophethe, umqondisi obhekene ngqo nabanye abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqondile bayohlawuliswa imali engaphansi kuka-RMB 20,000 yuan kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-RMB 50,000 yuan. , futhi ibhizinisi lizohlawuliswa imali engekho ngaphansi kuka-RMB 100,000 yuan kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-RMB 500,000 yuan.
Isigaba 27:Amabhizinisi abamba izimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele okwephula imithetho nemithethonqubo efanele yokongiwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukukhiqiza okuhlanzekile, ukuphepha komkhiqizo, nokuvikela umlilo kuyojeziswa iminyango efanele ngemisebenzi nemithetho yayo. .
Ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni nokungajwayelekile kwezinkampani ezisebenza ezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ukuncibilikiswa nokuhlukanisa, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele, nokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane kuzorekhodwa kumarekhodi ezikweletu yiminyango efanele ngokomthetho futhi kufakwe kuzwelonke uhlelo lolwazi lwezikweletu.
Isigaba 28Noma yimuphi umsebenzi womnyango wokuqondisa nowokuhlola osebenzisa kabi amandla alo, odebeselela imisebenzi yakhe, noma owenza izenzo ezingalungile ukuze azizuzele yena ekuphatheni umhlaba ongavamile uzojeziswa ngokuvumelana nomthetho.
Isigaba 29Noma ubani owephula imibandela yalo Mthethonqubo futhi enze isenzo sokwephulwa kokuphathwa kwezokuphepha komphakathi uyobhekana nesijeziso sokuphathwa kokuvikela komphakathi ngokomthetho; uma kuyicala, icala lobugebengu lizolandelwa ngumthetho.
Isigaba 30La magama alandelayo kule Mithethonqubo anezincazelo ezilandelayo:
Umhlaba ongavamile ubhekisela egameni elivamile lezakhi ezifana ne-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium, i-samarium, i-europium, i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, i-thulium, i-ytterbium, i-lutetium, i-scandium, ne-yttrium.
Ukuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa kubhekisela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza lokucubungula amaminerali angavamile emhlabeni abe ama-oxides angavamile emhlabeni, ama-salts, nezinye izinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Ukuncibilikiswa kwensimbi kusho inqubo yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile noma ama-alloys kusetshenziswa ama-oxide omhlaba angavamile owodwa noma axutshwe, usawoti, nezinye izinhlanganisela njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa.
Imithombo yesibili yomhlaba engavamile ibhekisela emfucumfucwini eqinile engacutshungulwa ukuze izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile eziqukethwe zibe nenani elisha lokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngodoti ozibuthe womhlaba ongavamile, udoti odonsa unomphela, nokunye udoti oqukethe umhlaba ongavamile.
Imikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile ihlanganisa amaminerali omhlaba angavamile, izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile, izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys, njll.
Isigaba 31Iminyango efanele yoMkhandlu Wombuso ingase ibhekisele ezinhlinzekweni ezifanele zale Mithethonqubo yokuphathwa kwezinsimbi ezingavamile ngaphandle kwemihlaba eyivelakancane.
Isigaba 32Lo Mthethonqubo uzoqala ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba 1, 2024.