I-Global Times 2024-08-17 06:46 Beijing
Ukuvikela ukuphepha kwezizwe kanye nezibopho zezwe futhi kufezekisa izibopho zomhlaba wonke njengokungezelwa, ngo-Agasti 15, inkonzo yezentengiselwano yaseChina kanye nokuphathwa okujwayelekile kwamasiko kukhiphe isimemezelo, kuthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa izilawuli zokuthumela ngaphandleingqondo ingcolakanye nezinto eziphikisayo kusuka ngoSepthemba 15, futhi akukho ukuthekelisa kuzovunyelwa ngaphandle kwemvume. Ngokwesimemezelo, izinto ezilawulwayo zifaka phakathi izinto zokulwa ne-ore nezinto zokugqoka ezivuthiwe,I-Metallic Adimonynemikhiqizo,amakhompiyutha antimony, nokwenziwa okuhlobene nokubhema nokuhlukaniswa ubuchwepheshe. Izicelo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwezinto ezilawulwa ngenhla kufanele zisho umsebenzisi wokugcina nokusetshenziswa kokuphela. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezithumela ngaphandle ezinomthelela omkhulu ekuvikelekeni kuzwelonke zizobikwa eMkhandlwini Wezwe ukuze kuvunyelwe uMnyango Wezentengiselwano ngokuhlangana neminyango efanelekile.
Ngokombiko ovela kubathengisi baseChina abathengisi, antimony asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni amabhethri e-Holy-acid, ama-semiconductor, amadivaysi amalangabi, amadivayisi wezempi, nemikhiqizo yezempi, futhi abizwa ngokuthi "izimboni ze-MSG". Ikakhulu, izinto ze-semiconductor ze-antimonide zinamathemba okusebenza abanzi ezinkambeni zamasosha nasezakhamizweni ezifana nama-lasers nezinzwa. Phakathi kwazo, emkhakheni wamasosha, kungasetjenziswa ukukhiqiza izinhlamvu, imicibisholo eholwa infrared, izikhali zenuzi, ama-gogles ebusuku, njll. I-ANTImony isweleka kakhulu. Izindawo ezigcinwe ezitholakala njengamanje zingafinyelela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke iminyaka engama-24, ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-433 yomhlaba ongavamile kanye neminyaka engama-200 ye-lithium. Ngenxa yokushoda kwayo, uhlelo lokusebenza olubanzi, kanye nezimfanelo ezithile zempi, i-United States, i-European Union, China, namanye amazwe zibhale ama-antimony njengemithombo yamaminerali yamasu. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa komhlaba jikelele antimony kugxile kakhulu eChina, Tajikistan, naseTurkey, neChina accounting ka-48%. I-Hong Kong "I-South China Morning Post" yathi i-US International Trade Commission wake washo ukuthi antimony kuyinto minerali ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwezomnotho nakuzwelonke. Ngokusho kombiko we-2024 yi-United States Geological Survey, e-United States, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezintuthwane kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwama-alloys angenakulwa nokuhola, izinhlamvu kanye nezibungu zelangabi. Kuma-antimony ore kanye noximinti baso okoxide abangeniswe yi-United States kusuka ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022, abangama-63% bavela eChina.
Kungenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla ukuthi ukulawulwa kwamanye amazwe kweChina kwi-antimony ngumkhuba wamazwe omhlaba kudonsele ukunakwa okukhulu kwabezindaba zakwamanye amazwe. Eminye imibiko icabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ethathwe yiChina ngokumelene ne-United States namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngezinjongo ze-geopolitical. Izindaba zeBloomberg e-United States zithi i-United States icubungula i-Unilateraly ikhawulela ikhono laseChina lokugcina izitoreji zokugcina ubuhlakani kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor. Njengoba uHulumeni wase-US ukhuphuka i-chip blockade yayo ngokumelene neChina, imikhawulo kaBeijing kumaminerali asemqoka abonakala njengempendulo ye-tit-for-tat e-United States. Ngokusho kweRadio France International, ukuncintisana phakathi kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga neChina kuyaqinisa, futhi ukulawula ukuthunyelwa kwalesi sivumelwano kungadala izinkinga kwizimboni zamazwe aseNtshonalanga.
Umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezentengiselwano weChina waseChina wathi ngomhlaka 15 Izinqubomgomo ezifanele azibhekiselwe kunoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda esithile. Kuthunyelwa ngaphandle okuzovunyelwa yimithetho efanele. Umkhulumeli wagcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni waseChina uzimisele ukugcina ukuthula emhlabeni nokuqina ezindaweni eziseduzane, aqinisekise ukuphepha kochungechunge lwezimboni nezimpahla zokuhlinzekwa, nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokuhweba okutholwayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuphikisana nanoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda sisebenzisa izinto ezilawulwayo ezivela eChina ukwenza imisebenzi ehlehlisa ubukhosi bakazwelonke baseChina, ukuphepha, kanye nezintshisekelo zentuthuko.
U-Li Haidong, uchwepheshe ezindabeni zaseMelika ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe zaseChina, kusho engxoxweni kanye nezikhathi zomhlaba wonke ngomhlaka 16 zokuthekelisa ngemuva kokuthekelisa, ukuntuleka kokuphikisana nakho sekuvele kuvelele. Ngokuthola amalayisense ukuthekelisa kwalo, iChina ingavikela lo mthombo wamasu futhi ivikele ukuphepha kwezomnotho kuzwelonke, kanti futhi iyaqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuqina kwentambo yomkhakha womhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba i-antimony ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izikhali, iChina ibeke ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile kubasebenzisi bokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze bavikele ukuthi basebenzise izibopho zezempi, okubuye kube nokubonakaliswa kweChina kwezibopho zalo ezingezona ezenzelwe ukuvelela. Ukulawulwa kokuthekelisa kwe-antimony kanye nokucacisa lapho uya khona nokugcina kuzosiza ukuvikela ubukhosi bukazwelonke baseChina, ukuphepha kanye nezintshisekelo zentuthuko.