Ucwaningo & Ukutholwa
Kubukeka sengathi i-lithium ne-lithium hydroxides lapha ukuhlala, okwamanje: naphezu kokucwaninga okujulile ngezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, akukho lutho emkhathizwe olungangena esikhundleni se-lithium njengesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe besimanje bebhethri.
Zombili izintengo ze-lithium hydroxide (LiOH) ne-lithium carbonate (LiCO3) bezilokhu zikhomba phansi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule futhi ukunyakaziswa kwemakethe kwakamuva akusithuthukisi isimo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokucwaninga okubanzi kwezinye izinto, akukho lutho olungase luthathe indawo ye-lithium njengesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimanje eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Njengoba sazi kubakhiqizi bokwakhiwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ehlukahlukene, udeveli ulele emininingwaneni futhi kulapho ulwazi lutholwa khona ukuthuthukisa kancane kancane ukuminyana kwamandla, ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamaseli.
Njengoba izimoto ezintsha zikagesi (EVs) zethulwa cishe njalo ngesonto, imboni ibheka imithombo ethembekile nobuchwepheshe. Kulabo bakhiqizi bezimoto akubalulekile ukuthi kwenzekani kumalebhu ocwaningo. Badinga imikhiqizo lapha futhi manje.
Ukushintsha kusuka ku-lithium carbonate kuya ku-lithium hydroxide
Kuze kube muva nje i-lithium carbonate ibigxile kubakhiqizi abaningi bamabhethri e-EV, ngoba amadizayini akhona ebhethri abiza ama-cathode kusetshenziswa le nto eluhlaza. Nokho, lokhu sekuzoshintsha. I-Lithium hydroxide iphinde ibe yisisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-cathode ebhethri, kodwa itholakala ngokufushane kakhulu kune-lithium carbonate okwamanje. Nakuba iwumkhiqizo we-niche owedlula i-lithium carbonate, iphinde isetshenziswe abakhiqizi abakhulu bebhethri, abaqhudelana nemboni yezimboni zokugcoba izinto ezifanayo zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa kwe-lithium hydroxide kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphe nakakhulu.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium hydroxide cathode ngokuphathelene nezinye izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zihlanganisa ukuminyana kwamandla okungcono (umthamo webhethri owengeziwe), umjikelezo wempilo ende kanye nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngalesi sizathu, isidingo esisuka embonini yebhethri elishajekayo sibonise ukukhula okuqinile phakathi nawo wonke ama-2010, ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamabhethri amakhulu e-lithium-ion ezinhlelweni zezimoto. Ngo-2019, amabhethri aphinde ashajwa abalelwa ku-54% wesidingo se-lithium esiphelele, cishe asuka kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-Li-ion. Yize ukunyuka okusheshayo kokuthengiswa kwezimoto eziwuhlobo oluxubile nezikagesi kuqondise ekubhekeni isidingo senhlanganisela ye-lithium, ukwehla kokuthengiswa engxenyeni yesibili ka-2019 eChina - imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yama-EVs - kanye nokuncipha kokuthengisa okubangelwa ukuvalwa kwezindawo okuhlobene ne-COVID. -Ubhubhane oluyi-19 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020 lubeke 'amabhuleki' esikhathi esifushane ekukhuleni kwesidingo se-lithium, ngokuba nomthelela wesidingo sazo zombili izinhlelo zebhethri nezimboni. Izimo zesikhathi eside ziyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula okuqinile kwesidingo se-lithium kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, nokho, ngesidingo sokubikezela i-Roskill sizodlula i-1.0Mt LCE ngo-2027, nokukhula okungaphezu kuka-18% ngonyaka kuya ku-2030.
Lokhu kukhombisa inkambiso yokutshala imali eningi ekukhiqizeni i-LiOH uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LiCO3; futhi yilapho umthombo we-lithium ungena khona: idwala le-spodumene liguquguquka kakhulu ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ivumela ukukhiqizwa okuhlelekile kwe-LiOH kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium brine ngokuvamile kuholela nge-LiCO3 njengomxhumanisi ukuze kukhiqizwe i-LiOH. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-LiOH ziphansi kakhulu nge-spodumene njengomthombo esikhundleni se-brine. Kuyacaca ukuthi, ngenani elikhulu le-lithium brine etholakala emhlabeni, ekugcineni kufanele kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obusha benqubo ukuze kusetshenziswe lo mthombo ngempumelelo. Ngezinkampani ezihlukahlukene eziphenya izinqubo ezintsha ekugcineni sizokubona lokhu kuyeza, kodwa okwamanje, i-spodumene iwukubheja okuphephile.
