I-Cobalt yinsimbi esetshenziswa kumabhethri amaningi ezimoto kagesi. Lezi zindaba ukuthi uTesla uzosebenzisa amabhethri e- "Cobalt-Free", kepha hlobo luni lwe- "Resource" lunguCobalt? Ngizofingqa olwazini oluyisisekelo ofuna ukuwazi.
Igama laso yiminerali yokungqubuzana ethathwe edimoni
Uyayazi into cobalt? Not only contained in batteries of electric vehicles (EVs) and smartphones, but also used in heat-resistant cobalt metal alloys such as jet engines and drill bits, magnets for speakers, and, surprisingly, oil refining. UCobalt waqanjwa ngegama elithi "Kobold," isilo esivame ukuvela ku-Dungeon Science Fiction, futhi bakholelwa e-Medieval Europe ukuthi babeka umlingo ngezimayini ukudala izinsimbi ezinzima nezinobuthi. kulungile.
Manje, noma ngabe kukhona izilo noma cha ezintabeni, i-cobalt inobuthi futhi ingadala ingozi enkulu yezempilo efana ne-pneumoconiosis uma ungafaki imishini yokuvikelwa komuntu siqu. Futhi yize iDemocratic Republic of Congo ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwengxenye ye-cobalt yezwe, imayini encane (Imayini ye-Artisanal) lapho abantu abampofu bengasebenzi ngaphandle kwemisebenzi bemba izimbobo ngamathuluzi alula ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa ngokuphepha. ), Izingozi Zokuwa Kwenzeka kaningi, izingane ziphoqelelwa ukuthi zisebenze isikhathi eside ngeholo eliphansi elingama-200 yen ngosuku, futhi ngisho ne-amasult ingumthombo wezimali zamaqembu ahlomile, ngakho-ke uCobalt uhambisana negolide, uTungsten, uTin, noTantalum. , Yabizwa ngokuthi amaminerali ezimpikiswano.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusakazwa kwamabhethri e-EVS kanye nama-lithium-ion, ezinhlanganweni zakamuva zomhlaba wonke seziqalile ukuphenya ukuthi ngabe i-cobalt ikhiqizwa ngemizila engafanele, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-cobalt oxide kanye ne-cobalt hydroxide, kuyasetshenziswa.
Isibonelo, ama-Giant Giants Catl kanye ne-LG Chem babamba iqhaza e-China-LED "ebhekene ne-Cobalt Talitive (RCI)", ngokuyinhloko basebenzela ukuqeda ukusebenza kwezingane.
Ngo-2018, i-Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA), inhlangano yezohwebo ye-Cobalt Fair, yasungulwa njengohlelo lokuqhakambisa ukucaca kanye nokuba semthethweni kwenqubo yezimayini zeCobalt. Ababambiqhaza bafaka uTesla, osebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukuqala kwamaJalimane ama-sono Motors, iSwitzerland Resource Glencore, kanye ne-Huayu Cobalt.
Uma ubheka eJapan, i-Sumitomo Metal Mining Co, Ltd., okuthi yizinto eziphilayo ze-electrode zama-elektrode zamabhethri e-lithium-ion to panasonic, asungule inqubomgomo "ekuthengweni okuthembekile kwezinto zokusebenza kwe-cobalt" ngo-Agasti 2020 futhi kwaqala ukukhuthala nokuqapha okufanele. phansi.
Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba izinkampani ezinkulu zizokwethula amaphrojekthi aphethwe kahle amamayini ngokulandelana, abasebenzi kuzodingeka babeke engcupheni futhi bangene ezimayini ezincane, futhi bafuna ukuncipha kancane kancane.
Ukuntuleka okusobala kwe-cobalt
Njengamanje, inani le-EVS lisencane, linesigidi esingu-7 kuphela, kufaka phakathi izigidi eziyi-2,1 ezithengiswayo emhlabeni wonke ngo-19.
Inani eliphelele le-cobalt elisetshenziswe kumabhethri e-EV ngonyaka we-2019 lalingamathani angama-19,000, okusho ukuthi isilinganiso esingu-9 kg se-cobalt sasidingeka ngemoto ngayinye. Ukwenza izigidigidi eziyi-1 nge-9 kg ngakunye kudinga amathani ayizigidi eziyi-9 ze-cobalt, kepha okugcinwe okuphelele komhlaba kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7,1, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, amathani ayi-100,000 kwezinye izimboni minyaka yonke. Njengoba kuyinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu, ibonakala ichithekile njengoba injalo.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule okungu-10 ku-2025, okufunwayo konyaka kwamathani angama-250,000, kufaka phakathi amabhethri ezimoto, ama-alloys akhethekile nokunye ukusetshenziswa. Ngisho noma i-EV idliwe icishwe, izophela zonke izindawo ezigciniwe njengamanje kungakapheli iminyaka engama-30.
Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, abathuthukisi bebhethri basebenza kanzima ubusuku nemini yokuthi banganciphisa kanjani inani le-cobalt. Isibonelo, amabhethri we-NMC asebenzisa i-nickel, i-manganese, futhi i-cobalt icutshungulwa yi-NMC111 (i-nickel, i-manganel, futhi inani le-cobalt liye lincishiswe kusuka ku-1: 1) ku-NMC9.5.5 (Cobalt Ratio ingu-0.5) okwamanje ayiphansi kwentuthuko.
I-NCA (i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-aluminil) esetshenziswa yiTesla inezinto zokuqukethwe ze-cobalt zigawule ziye ku-3%, kepha imodeli 3 ekhiqizwe eChina isebenzisa ibhethri le-lithium iron. Kukhona namabanga amukelwe. Yize i-LFP ingaphansi kwe-NCA ngokuya ngokusebenza, inezici zezinto zokwakha ezishibhile, ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile, kanye nempilo ende.
Futhi ku "Usuku lwebhethri leTesla" oluhlelelwe kusuka ngo-6: 30 ekuseni ngoSepthemba 23, 2020 ngejubane le-China, kuzomenyezelwa ibhethri elisha le-cobalt, futhi lizoqala ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo ngePanasonic eminyakeni embalwa. Kulindeleke.
Ngale ndlela, eJapan, "izinsimbi ezingavamile" kanye "nomhlaba ongavamile" kuvame ukudideka. Izinsimbi ezingavamile zisetshenziswa embonini ngoba "ukuthola ukunikezwa okuzinzile kubalulekile ngokwenqubomgomo phakathi kwezinsimbi ezichichimayo emhlabeni ezivamile noma zinzima ukukhishwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho (uMnyango Wezomnotho kanye Nezimboni)". Yinsimbi engeyona eye-Ferrous evame ukusetshenziswa, futhi yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo ezingama-31 kubandakanya i-lithium, titanium, chromium, i-cobalt, nickel, iplatinamu, nomhlaba ongavamile. Kule, imihlaba engavamile ibizwa ngokuthi imihlaba engafani, nezinhlobo eziyi-17 ezinjenge-neodymium ne-dysprosium esetshenziselwa ama-magnets unomphela achazwa.
Ngasemuva kokuntuleka kwe-cobalt Resource, i-Cobalt Metal Sheet & Powder, kanye ne-Cobalt Compounds efana ne-coballous chloride ngisho ne-hexaamminecobalt (III) Chloride ukuhanjiswa okufushane.
Ikhefu elinomthwalo wemfanelo kusuka ku-cobalt
Njengoba ukusebenza okudingekayo ku-EVS kukhuphuka, kulindeleke ukuthi amabhethri angadingi i-cobalt, njengamabhethri aqinile wombuso namabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, azovela ngokuzayo, ngakho ngenhlanhla, azocabanga ukuthi izinsizakusebenza zizophela. Kodwa-ke, lokho kusho ukuthi isidingo se-cobalt sizowela endaweni ethile.
I-Turning Point izofika eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-10 ekuqaleni, futhi izinkampani ezinkulu zezimayini ziyanqikaza ukwenza imali yesikhathi eside eCobalt. Kodwa-ke, ngoba sibona ukuphela, sifuna abavukuzi bendawo ukuthi bashiye imvelo ephephile yokusebenza kunaphambi kwe-bubble ye-cobalt.
Futhi amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi njengamanje emakethe futhi adinga ukuphindwa kabusha ngemuva kokuqeda iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwangama-20 kamuva, okusungulwe kabusha ngama-Sumitomo Metals kanye ne-Tesla Health Officer JB Strobel. -Matadimu nabanye basusususile ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa kwe-cobalt futhi bazoyisebenzisa futhi nezinye izinsiza.
Noma isidingo sezinsizakusebenza ezithile sikhuphuka okwesikhashana enqubweni yokuvela kwezimoto zikagesi, sizobhekana namalungelo obuntu kanye namalungelo abantu ngokuqinile njenge-cobalt, futhi ngeke bathenge ulaka lwama-kobolts ahlala emhumeni. Ngingathanda ukuphetha le ndaba ngethemba lokuba ngumphakathi.