1. Iyini i-silicon yensimbi?
I-Metal silicon, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silicon yezimboni, iwumkhiqizo wokuncibilikisa i-silicon dioxide kanye ne-carbonaceous rencicing agent esithandweni somlilo se-arc esingaphansi kwamanzi. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-silicon ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-98.5% nangaphansi kuka-99.99%, futhi ukungcola okusele kuyinsimbi, i-aluminium, i-calcium, njll.
E-China, i-silicon yensimbi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamamaki ahlukene njenge-553, 441, 421, 3303, 2202, 1101, njll., ehlukaniswa ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium.
2. Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza ye-silicon yensimbi
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezansi nomfula ze-silicon yensimbi ikakhulukazi i-silicon, i-polysilicon nama-alloys e-aluminium. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa kweChina sekuphelele kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.6, kanti isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa simi kanje:
Ijeli ye-silica inezidingo eziphezulu ku-silicon yensimbi futhi idinga ibanga lamakhemikhali, elihambisana nemodeli 421 #, ilandelwa i-polysilicon, amamodeli avame ukusetshenziswa 553 # no-441 #, futhi izidingo ze-aluminium alloy ziphansi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo se-polysilicon ku-silicon ephilayo siye sanda, futhi ingxenye yayo iye yaba nkulu futhi makhulu. Isidingo sama-alloys e-aluminium asizange nje sikhuphuke, kodwa sehlile. Lokhu futhi kuyisici esikhulu esidala ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi ye-silicon ubonakale uphezulu, kodwa izinga lokusebenza liphansi kakhulu, futhi kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwe-silicon yensimbi yezinga eliphezulu emakethe.
3. Isimo sokukhiqiza ngo-2021
Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2021, ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi ye-silicon yaseChina kufinyelele kumathani angama-466,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-41%. Ngenxa yenani eliphansi le-silicon yensimbi e-China eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kuhambisana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izizathu, amabhizinisi amaningi abizayo anamazinga aphansi okusebenza noma avalwa ngokuqondile.
Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokutholakala okwanele, izinga lokusebenza le-silicon yensimbi lizoba phezulu. Ukunikezwa kwamandla akwanele, futhi izinga lokusebenza le-silicon yensimbi liphansi kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule. I-silicon ye-Demand side kanye ne-polysilicon ayashoda kulo nyaka, ngamanani aphezulu, amanani aphezulu okusebenza, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo se-silicon yensimbi. Izici eziphelele ziye zaholela ekushodeni okukhulu kwe-silicon yensimbi.
Okwesine, umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo we-silicon yensimbi
Ngokwesimo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo esihlaziywe ngenhla, ukuthambekela kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-silicon yensimbi ikakhulukazi kuncike esixazululo sezici zangaphambilini.
Okokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-zombie, intengo ihlala iphezulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-zombie kuzoqala kabusha ukukhiqiza, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi esithile.
Okwesibili, izintambo zamandla zamanje kwezinye izindawo zisaqhubeka. Ngenxa yokungatholakali kwamandla okwanele, ezinye izimboni ze-silicon zazisiwe ngokunqanyulwa kukagesi. Njengamanje, kusekhona iziko le-silicon ezimbonini ezivaliwe, futhi kunzima ukuzibuyisela esikhathini esifushane.
Okwesithathu, uma amanani asekhaya ehlala ephezulu, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle. I-silicon metal yaseChina ithunyelwa kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia, nakuba ingavamile ukuthunyelwa emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon yezimboni zaseYurophu kunyukile ngenxa yamanani aphezulu akamuva emhlabeni. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yenzuzo yezindleko zasekhaya zaseShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon metal kwaba nenzuzo ngokuphelele, futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa wawumkhulu. Kodwa uma izintengo ziphezulu, ezinye izifunda nazo zizokhuphula umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuzokwehla.
Futhi, mayelana nesidingo esingaphansi komfula, kuzoba khona ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon kanye ne-polysilicon engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka. Mayelana ne-polysilicon, umthamo wokukhiqiza ohleliwe engxenyeni yesine yalo nyaka ungamathani angama-230,000, futhi isidingo esiphelele se-silicon yensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi sibe amathani angaba ngu-500,000. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yabathengi bomkhiqizo wokugcina ingase ingasebenzisi umthamo omusha, ngakho-ke izinga lokusebenza lilonke lomthamo omusha lizokwehla. Ngokuvamile, ukushoda kwensimbi ye-silicon kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke phakathi nonyaka, kodwa igebe ngeke libe likhulu ikakhulukazi. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, izinkampani ze-silicon ne-polysilicon ezingabandakanyi i-silicon yensimbi zizobhekana nezinselele.