Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lanthanide reagents ku-organic synthesis kwasungulwa ngokuxhuma kanye nemingcele. Phakathi kwazo, ama-reagents amaningi e-lanthanide atholakala enobuqili bokukhetha ekuphendukelweni kokwakheka kwebhoboni yekhabhoni-ikhabhoni; Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-reagents amaningi e-lanthanide atholakala anezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ekuphendukeni kwe-oxidation oxidation kanye nokusabela kokuncishiswa kwe-organic ukuguqula amaqembu asebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezolimo Okungavamile Ukuchithwa Kwezesayensi Okucwaninga Kwezici Zesayensi Ezitholwe yizisebenzi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kweminyaka yokusebenza kanzima, futhi kugqugquzelwe ngamandla njengesilinganiso esibalulekile sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo eChina. I-Rare Endr Carbonate icishe incibilika kalula ku-acid ukwakha usawoti ohambisanayo kanye nekhabhoni diokside, okungasetshenziswa kalula ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba okuhlukahlukene okusasele nosawoti kanye nezakhiwo ezingenalo ukwethula ukungcola komhlaba. Isibonelo, lingaphendula ngama-acid aqinile afana ne-nitric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-perchloric acid, ne-sulfuric acid ukwakha usawoti oncibilikisa amanzi. Hamba nge-phosphoric acid kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid ukuguqula ibe yi-insoluble emhlabeni ama-phosphates kanye nama-fluorides. Sabela ngama-acid amaningi ezi-organic ukwakha amakhompiyutha ahambelana nawo ahambelana noMhlaba. Zingaba yizindawo ezincibilikisiwe zezakhiwo noma ama-anions ayinkimbinkimbi, noma amakhompiyutha angathathi hlangothi amancane anenzuzo ngokuya ngenani lesisombululo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhlaba ongavamile we-Carbonate angabubula abe yizinkohliso ezihambisanayo ngokuzobalwa, ezingasetshenziswa ngqo lapho kulungiswa izinto eziningi ezintsha zomhlaba ezingandile. Njengamanje, umphumela waminyaka yonke we-Rare Part Carbonate eChina ungaphezu kwamathani angaphezu kuka-10,000, abalalelwa ngaphezulu kwazo zonke izimboni zomhlaba, ekhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni Carbonate kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni komkhakha womhlaba ongandile.
I-Cerrium Carbonate iyingxenye ye-Inorganic enefomula yamakhemikhali ye-C3ce2o9, isisindo samangqamuzana esingu-460, i-psap40530, i-PSA ka-1933.80000, iphuzu le-1660.8ºC. Emkhiqizweni wezimboni we-Rare Earths, i-Cerrium Carbonate iyinto ephakathi eluhlaza evuthayo yokulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-cerium efana nosawoti we-cerium ohlukahlukene kanye ne-cerium oxide. Inobubanzi bokusetshenziswa futhi ingumkhiqizo obalulekile womhlaba ongavamile. I-Certium Carbonate Crystal ye-Hydrated Carbonate inesakhiwo sohlobo lwe-lanthanite, futhi isithombe sayo se-sem sibonisa ukuthi ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwe-hydrate carbonate crystal, futhi amafulethi ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngokuxhumana okubuthakathaka ukwakha izingcezwana ezincane. I-cellium carbonate ekhiqizwa emkhakheni njengamanje ine-42-46% yoMhlaba ongavamile ngemuva kokomiswa, okukhawulela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-cellium carbonate.
Uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphansi, ikhwalithi ezinzile, i-cellium carbonate ye-cellium ayidingi ukumiswa noma yomiswa ngemuva kokomiswa kwe-centrifugal, futhi inqubo ilula futhi inqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa sokulungiselela i-carbonate carbonate ephezulu. Lesi sikimu sobuchwepheshe esilandelayo samukelwa: Kusetshenziselwa indlela yesinyathelo esisodwa ukulungiselela i-carbonate ye-cellium ngenani eliphakeme lomhlaba ongandile, okungukuthi, isixazululo se-amominium se-bicarbonate sengezwa ngaphansi kokulungiswa kwe-cellic carbonate. Inani le-Ammonium Bicarbonate liyalungiswa ukuze inani le-PH lokuphakelayo ekugcineni liyalungiswa ku-6.3 kuye ku-6.3, futhi inani lokungezwa lifanelekile ukuze uketshezi lokuphakelayo lungaphelelwa yile nqola. Isixazululo sokuphakelwa kwe-CERTIUM okungenani siyisisombululo esinamanzi we-certium chloride, isisombululo se-cerek sulfate aquate aquarate aquarate aquarate. Iqembu le-R & D le-Urbanmines Tech. I-Co, Ltd. Ithola indlela entsha ye-synthesis ngokungeza isixazululo esiqinile se-ammonium bicarbonate noma i-ammonium bicarbonate solution.
I-Certium Carbonate ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela ukupheka i-oxium oxisi, i-cerium dioxide nezinye iziqu ze-nanomatadium. Izicelo kanye nezibonelo zinjengokulandelayo:
1. Ingilazi ye-anti-glare violet edonsa kakhulu imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye nengxenye ephuzi yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Kususelwa ekwakhekeni kwengilazi evamile ye-soda-lime-silica float, kufaka izinto ezilandelayo ezivuthiwe ngamaphesenti wesisindo: i-sodium oxide 6 ~ 8%, i-alumina 0 ~ 3%, i-iron-carbonate 0.3% I-Carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, Manganese Dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Ingilazi eyi-4mm ewugqinsi ine-light transkhittance ebonakalayo enkulu kune-80%, ukudluliselwa kwe-ultraviolet ngaphansi kwe-15%, kanye nokudluliselwa kuma-wavelength ka-568-590 nm ngaphansi kwe-15%.
2 , Izingxenye ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-10 zeTitanium Oxide, izingxenye ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-10 ze-zinc onide, izingxenye eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-5 ze-kankin carbide, nezingxenye eziyi-0,02 kuya ku-0,5 ze-chromium oxide. izingxenye, 0.01-1.5 izingxenye ze-kaolin, 0.01-1,5 izingxenye zezinto zombuso ezingandile, izingxenye ze-0.8-5 zekhabhoni emnyama, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto ngazinye eziluhlaza ngu-1-5 μm; lapho izinto zokwenziwa komhlaba ezingandile zifaka izingxenye ze-0.01-1,5 ze-lanthanum carbonate, izingxenye ze-1.01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 ze-PraneOdymium Carbonanium Carbonanium Carbonate kanye no-0.01 kuya ku-1.5 izingxenye ze-Promethivium nitrate; Ifilimu eyakha impahla yi-potassium sodium carbonate; I-potassium sodium carbonate ixutshwe nesisindo esifanayo se-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate. Isilinganiso sokuxuba isisindo se-filler kanye nezinto zokwakha amafilimu zingu-2,5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 noma ngo-4.8: 5.2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwendlela yokulungiselela ye-endothermic ukonga amandla ngopende kubonakaliswa kulokhu okuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Isinyathelo 1, ukulungiswa kwe-filler, kuqala izingxenye ezingama-20- 35 ze-alumina, izingxenye ezingama-4-10 ze-titanium oxide, izingxenye ezingama-4-10 ze-ziconia, nezingxenye ze-zinc onide ngesisindo. , Izingxenye ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-5 ze-magnesium oxide, izingxenye ezingama-0,8 kuya kwezi-5 ezingxenyeni ze-ytttrium oxide, izingxenye eziyi-0,01 kuya kwezingu-1.5 ze-chromin, nezingxenye eziyi-0,8 kuya kwezingu-1 gcwalisa; Lapho, indawo engavamile yomhlaba ifaka izingxenye ze-0.01-1,5 ezingxenyeni ze-lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 izingxenye ze-Certhaium Carbonate Carbonate, 0.01-1,5 izingxenye zeNeodymium Carbonanium Carbonate kanye 0.01 ~ 1.5 Izingxenye ze-Promentithrate;
Isinyathelo 2, ukulungiswa kwezinto ezenziwa ngefilimu, impahla eyakha amafilimu yi-sodium potassium carbonassium carbonassium; Okokuqala i-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate ngokulandelana ngesisindo, bese uyixuba ngokulinganayo ukuze uthole impahla eyakha amafilimu; I-sodium potassium carbonassium carbonase iyisisindo esifanayo se-potassium carbonate kanye ne-sodium carbonate kuxutshwe;
Isinyathelo 3, isilinganiso sokuxubana seFiller kanye ne-Fifim Material ngesisindo ngu-2,5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 noma ngo-4.8 :,, futhi ingxube ixubene kahle futhi ihlakazeka ukuthola ingxube;
Kulesi sinyathelo 4, ingxube ingukugaya amabhola amahora angama-6-8, bese kuthi umkhiqizo oqediwe utholakala ngokudlula esikrinini, futhi i-mesh yesikrini ingu-1-5 μm.
I-3. Ukulungiselela i-ultrafine cerium oxide: usebenzisa i-hydrate carbonate carbonate njenge-pressor, ultrafine cereium oxide ngosayizi ophakathi kwezinhlayiyana ongaphansi kwama-3 μm walungiswa nge-Direct Ball Milling and Callination. Imikhiqizo etholakele yonke inesakhiwo se-clubic fluorite. Njengoba izinga lokushisa le-caltratination likhuphuka, ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana kwemikhiqizo buyancipha, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kuba mncane futhi kukhuphuka i-crystaltaltity. Kodwa-ke, amandla okuphola kwezibuko ezintathu ezahlukene akhombisa inani eliphakeme phakathi kuka-900 ℃ no-1000 ℃. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi izinga lokususa lezinto ezingaphezulu kwengilazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa lithinteka kakhulu ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana, i-crystaltaltity kanye nomsebenzi ongaphezulu we-polishing powder.