I-Cerium carbonate iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic ekhiqizwa ngokuphendula i-cerium oxide ne-carbonate. Inozinzo oluhle kakhulu kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamakhemikhali futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana namandla enuzi, izinto ezicatshangelwayo, okombala, ingilazi, njll. Ngokwemininingwane yezikhungo zocwaningo lwemakethe, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-cerium carbonate ifinyelele ku-$2.4 billion ngo-2019 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele. $3.4 billion ngo-2024. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ze-cerium carbonate: amakhemikhali, ngokomzimba, kanye ne-biological. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela, indlela yamakhemikhali isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokukhiqiza eziphansi; nokho-ke, iphinde ibe nezinselelo ezinkulu zokunukubezeka kwemvelo. Imboni ye-cerium carbonate ibonisa amathuba amakhulu okuthuthuka namandla kodwa futhi kufanele ibhekane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinselele zokuvikela imvelo. I-UrbanMines Tech. I-Co., Ltd., ibhizinisi elihamba phambili e-China eligxile kwezocwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-cerium carbonate ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemboni okusimeme ngokubeka phambili okuhlakaniphile kwezinqubo zokuvikela imvelo kuyilapho isebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngobuhlakani. Ithimba le-R&D le-UrbanMines lihlanganise lesi sihloko ukuze liphendule imibuzo nezinkathazo zamakhasimende ethu.
1.Isetshenziselwani i-cerium carbonate? Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cerium carbonate?
I-Cerium carbonate iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe i-cerium ne-carbonate, esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezintweni ezikhuthazayo, izinto ezikhanyayo, izinto zokupholisha, kanye nama-reagents amakhemikhali. Izindawo zayo ezithile zohlelo zifaka:
(1) Izinto ezikhanyayo zokukhanya komhlaba ezingavamile: I-High-purity cerium carbonate isebenza njengento eluhlaza ebalulekile ekulungiseni izinto ezingavamile zokukhanya komhlaba. Lezi zinto ezikhanyayo zithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekukhanyeni, ekuboniseni, nakweminye imikhakha, zihlinzeka ngosekelo olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi.
(2) Izihlanzi ezikhipha umoya wenjini yezimoto: I-Cerium carbonate isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zokuhlanza umoya wezimoto ezinciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuphuma kusisi wezimoto futhi zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lomoya.
(3) Izinto zokupholisha: Ngokusebenza njengesengezo kuzinhlanganisela zokupholisha, i-cerium carbonate ithuthukisa ukugqama nokushelela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene.
(4) Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anemibala: Lapho esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokufaka imibala, i-cerium carbonate idlulisela imibala ethile kanye nezakhiwo kumapulasitiki obunjiniyela.
(5) Ama-Chemical Catalysts: I-Cerium carbonate ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi njenge-catalyst yamakhemikhali ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-catalyst nokukhetha kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
(6) Ama-reagents amakhemikhali kanye nezicelo zezokwelapha: Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-reagent yamakhemikhali, i-cerium carbonate ibonise ukubaluleka kwayo emikhakheni yezokwelapha njengokwelashwa kwezilonda ezishile.
(7) Izithasiselo ze-carbide ezinosimende: Ukwengezwa kwe-cerium carbonate kuma-alloys e-carbide enosimende kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bawo kanye namakhono okumelana nokugqoka.
(8) Imboni Yobumba: Imboni yobumba isebenzisa i-cerium carbonate njengesengezo ukuze ithuthukise izici zokusebenza nezimfanelo zokubukeka kwezitsha zobumba.
Kafushane, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, i-cerium carbonates idlala i-indispe.
2. Uyini umbala we-cerium carbonate?
Umbala we-cerium carbonate umhlophe, kodwa ukuhlanzeka kwawo kungase kuthinte kancane umbala othize, okuholela ekukhanyeni okuncane okuphuzi.
3. Yiziphi izinto ezi-3 ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-cerium?
I-Cerium inezinhlelo ezintathu ezijwayelekile:
(1) Isetshenziswa njenge-co-catalyst kuma-catalyst okuhlanza umoya wemoto ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wokugcinwa komoyampilo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-catalyst, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lesi sikhuthazi samukelwe kabanzi ezimotweni, sinciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola okuvela ezimotweni ezikhishwa yizimo zezimoto ziye endaweni ezungezile.
(2) Isebenza njengesengezo engilazini yokubona ukuze imunce imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared. Ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi engilazini yezimoto, ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka emisebeni ye-UV futhi inciphise izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwemoto, ngaleyo ndlela yonga ugesi ngezinjongo zesimo somoya. Kusukela ngo-1997, i-cerium oxide ifakwe kuyo yonke ingilazi yezimoto yaseJapane futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States.
(3) I-Cerium ingangezwa njengesengezo sezinto zikazibuthe ze-NdFeB ezihlala njalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zazo kazibuthe nokuzinza. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-elekthronikhi nasemishinini kagesi enjengamamotho namajeneretha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini nokusebenza.
4. I-cerium yenzani emzimbeni?
Imiphumela ye-cerium emzimbeni ngokuyinhloko ihilela i-hepatotoxicity kanye ne-osteotoxicity, kanye nomthelela ongase ube khona ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwamehlo. I-Cerium nezinhlanganisela zayo kuyingozi ku-epidermis yomuntu kanye nesistimu yezinzwa zamehlo, ngisho nokuhogela okuncane okubeka engcupheni yokukhubazeka noma izimo ezisongela ukuphila. I-Cerium oxide inobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, ibangela ukulimala esibindini nasemathanjeni. Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele futhi ugweme ukuhogela amakhemikhali.
Ngokukhethekile, i-cerium oxide inganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-prothrombin iyenze ingasebenzi; vimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-thrombin; i-fibrinogen ephansi; futhi ithuthukise ukubola kwenhlanganisela ye-phosphate. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezinomhlaba ongavamile ngokweqile kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi nohlaka lwamathambo.
Ukwengeza, impushana ecwebezelayo equkethe i-cerium oxide noma ezinye izinto ingangena ngokuqondile emaphashini ngokuhogela ngendlela yokuphefumula okuholela ekumisweni kwamaphaphu okungase kubangele i-silicosis. Nakuba i-cerium enemisebe inezinga eliphansi lokumunca lilonke emzimbeni, izinsana zinengxenye ephezulu kakhulu yokumuncwa okungu-144Ce emapheshaneni azo amathumbu. I-cerium enemisebe ngokuyinhloko inqwabelana esibindini nasemathanjeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
5. Ingabei-cerium carbonateencibilika emanzini?
I-Cerium carbonate ayincibiliki emanzini kodwa incibilika ezixazululweni ezine-asidi. Kuyinhlanganisela ezinzile engashintshi lapho ibekwe emoyeni kodwa iba mnyama ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
6.Ingabe i-cerium iqinile noma ithambile?
I-Cerium iyinsimbi engavamile yomhlaba ethambile, emhlophe-emhlophe enokuphinda isebenze kabusha kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthungwa okuthambile okungasikwa ngommese.
Izici ezingokomzimba ze-cerium nazo zisekela isimo sayo esithambile. I-Cerium inephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-795°C, indawo yokubilisa engu-3443°C, kanye nokuminyana okungu-6.67 g/mL. Ukwengeza, ishintsha umbala uma ivezwe emoyeni. Lezi zakhiwo zibonisa ukuthi i-cerium iyinsimbi ethambile futhi ene-ductile.
7. Ingabe i-cerium oxidise amanzi?
I-Cerium iyakwazi ukwenza i-oxidizing amanzi ngenxa ye-reactivity yayo yamakhemikhali. Isabela kancane emanzini abandayo futhi ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-cerium hydroxide negesi ye-hydrogen. Izinga lalokhu kusabela liyakhula emanzini ashisayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi abandayo.
8. Ingabe i-cerium ayivamile?
Yebo, i-cerium ithathwa njengento eyivelakancane njengoba yakha cishe u-0.0046% woqweqwe lomhlaba, okuyenza ibe enye yezinto eziningi kakhulu phakathi kwezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane.
9. Ingabe i-cerium iwuketshezi oluqinile noma igesi?
I-Cerium ikhona njengento eqinile ekamelweni lokushisa nezimo zokucindezela. Ibonakala njengensimbi e-silver-grey esebenzayo ene-ductility futhi ithambile kune-ayoni. Nakuba ingaguqulwa ibe uketshezi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa, ezimweni ezivamile (igumbi lokushisa nokucindezela), ihlala isesimweni esiqinile ngenxa yephuzu layo lokuncibilika elingu-795°C kanye nephuzu elibilayo elingu-3443°C.
10. Ibukeka kanjani i-cerium?
I-Cerium ikhombisa ukubukeka kwensimbi e-silver-grey esebenzayo yeqembu lezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba (REEs). Uphawu lwalo lwamakhemikhali luyi-Ce kuyilapho inombolo yalo ye-athomu ingu-58. Iphethe umehluko wokuba enye ye-REEs eningi kakhulu. I-Ceriu powder inokusabela okuphezulu emoyeni okubangela ukuvutha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi iphinde incibilike kalula kuma-acids. Isebenza njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa enhle kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-alloy.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zihlanganisa: ukuminyana ububanzi kusuka ku-6.7-6.9 kuye ngokuthi isakhiwo se-crystal; iphoyinti lokuncibilika limi ku-799 ℃ ngenkathi indawo yokubila ifinyelela ku-3426 ℃. Igama elithi "cerium" lisuselwa egameni lesiNgisi elithi "Ceres", elisho i-asteroid. Iphesenti lokuqukethwe ngaphakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba lilinganiselwa ku-0.0046%, likwenza kubonakale kudume kakhulu phakathi kwama-REE.
I-Ceriu ivela kakhulu ku-monazite, bastnaesite, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-fission etholakala ku-uranium-thorium plutonium. Embonini, ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi njengokusebenzisa i-alloy yokukhiqiza i-catalyst.