Ingqalasizinda Entsha Ye-5G Ishayela I-Tantalum Industry Chain
I-5G ifaka umfutho omusha ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseShayina, futhi ingqalasizinda entsha isiholele ekutheni isivinini sokwakhiwa kwasekhaya sibe nesikhathi esisheshayo.
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi waseChina udalule ngoMeyi ukuthi izwe lengeza iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 ngesonto. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sase-China se-5G sekwedlule umaki we-200,000 ngomthamo ogcwele, ngomakhalekhukhwini we-5G wasekhaya oyizigidi ezingu-17.51 othunyelwe ngoJuni walo nyaka, okuhlanganisa amaphesenti angu-61 omakhalekhukhwini okuthunyelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengesisekelo "sokuqala" kanye "nesisekelo" sengqalasizinda entsha, uchungechunge lwezimboni ze-5G ngokungangabazeki luzoba isihloko esishisayo isikhathi eside esizayo.
Ngokuthuthuka kwezentengiselwano okusheshayo kwe-5G, ama-tantalum capacitor anethuba elibanzi lokufaka isicelo.
Ngomehluko omkhulu wokushisa wangaphandle kanye nezinguquko eziningi zemvelo, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G kufanele zibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu nempilo ende yesevisi. Lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi nokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi esiteshini esiyisisekelo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-capacitor ayizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibalulekile zeziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G. I-Tantalum capacitor yi-capacitor ehamba phambili.
I-Tantalum capacitors ibonakala ngevolumu encane, inani elincane le-ESR, inani elikhulu le-capacitance kanye nokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-Tantalum capacitor nawo anezici zokushisa ezizinzile, ububanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo, njll. Okwamanje, angakwazi ukuzelapha ngemva kokwehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, kuwuphawu olubalulekile lokunquma ukuthi umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ungumkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu noma cha.
Ngezinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwemvamisa, izinga lokushisa elibanzi lokusebenza, ukuthembeka okuphezulu futhi kulungele i-miniaturization, ama-tantalum capacitors asetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezigcizelela "i-miniaturization, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu". Inombolo yeziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kune-4G. Khonamanjalo, ekukhuleni okushisayo kwamashaja asheshayo omakhalekhukhwini, ama-tantalum capacitor asejwayelekile ngenxa yokuphuma okuzinzile kanye nokwehliswa kwevolumu ngo-75%.
Ngenxa yezici zemvamisa yokusebenza, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zohlelo, inani leziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G lingaphezu kwe-4G. Idatha ngokomnyango wezimboni nokudalulwa kolwazi, ngenani leziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-4G ezweni lonke ngo-2019 kuya ezigidini ezingu-5.44, kanjalo nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G ukufeza izidingo ezifanayo zokuhlanganisa, noma kudingeka iziteshi ezingu-5 g, 1000 ~ 20 izigidi kulindeleke ukuthi zikhule kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uma ufuna ukufinyelela ku-5G yendawo yonke, udinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu le-tantalum capacitor, ngokusho kwesibikezelo semakethe, isikali semakethe ye-tantalum capacitor sizofinyelela ku-7.02 billion yuan ngo-2020, ikusasa lizoqhubeka ukukhula ngokushesha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwezimoto zikagesi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-AI, izinto ezigqokwayo, amaseva amafu, ngisho nemakethe yezinto zikagesi ezishaja izingcingo ezihlakaniphile ezinamandla amakhulu, kuyavela imishini esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi kuzobekwa ezinye izidingo. ama-capacitor aphezulu, okuyi-tantalum capacitors. Amakhanda okushaja we-iPhone namathebulethi akwa-Apple, ngokwesibonelo, asebenzisa ama-tantalum capacitor amabili asebenza kahle njengezihlungi zokukhiphayo. Ama-Tantalum capacitors afihla imakethe yezigidigidi eziyishumi kokubili ubuningi nesilinganiso, okuzodala amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-capacitor nawo asetshenziswa kumishini ye-aerospaceizingxenye ezengeziwe. Ngenxa yezici zayo "zokuziphilisa", i-tantalum capacitor ethandwa yimakethe yezempi, i-SMT SMD tantalum capacitor enkulu, i-tantalum capacitor exubene kakhulu esetshenziswa ekugcinweni kwamandla, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-tantalum shell encapsulation capacitor, efanelekayo ngezinga elikhulu. isifunda esihambisanayo sisebenzisa i-polymer tantalum capacitor, njll., ihlangabezana kakhulu nezidingo zemininingwane yemakethe yezempi.
Isidingo esikhulu sama-tantalum capacitor siholele ekwandeni kokushoda kwesitoko, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwemakethe yempahla eluhlaza.
Amanani e-Tantalum akhuphuke engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokugqashuka kwe-coVID-19 ekuqaleni konyaka, umthamo wezimayini emhlabeni wonke wawungekho phezulu njengoba bekulindelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile zokuhamba, ukunikezwa okuphelele kuqinile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-tantalum capacitor asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, isidingo semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi sakhula, okuholela ekwandeni kwama-tantalum capacitors. Njengoba ama-capacitor ewukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-tantalum, ama-40-50% okukhiqizwa kwe-tantalum emhlabeni asetshenziswa kuma-tantalum capacitor, akhuphula isidingo se-tantalum futhi akhuphule intengo.
I-Tantalum oxideikhuphuka ngemikhiqizo ye-tantalum capacitor, uchungechunge lwezimboni lwe-tantalum capacitor phambi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-oxidation tantalum ne-niobium oxide emakethe yaseChina ikhula ngokushesha, umphumela wonyaka wezi-2018 ufinyelele amathani angama-590 namathani angama-2250 ngokulandelana, phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018 izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-20. % kanye no-13.6% ngokulandelana, usayizi wemakethe ngo-2023 kulindeleke ukuthi ube amathani angama-851.9 kanye namathani angama-3248.9, ngokulandelana, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lika-7.6%, indawo yonke yezimboni ukuze ikhule inempilo.
Njengohlelo lokuqala lweminyaka eyishumi lokusebenza lukahulumeni waseShayina ukusebenzisa isu lokwenza i-China amandla okukhiqiza, elenziwe e-China 2025 lihlongoza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezimbili eziyisisekelo, okuyimboni yezobuchwepheshe bolwazi yesizukulwane esisha kanye nemboni entsha yezinto ezibonakalayo. Phakathi kwazo, imboni entsha yezinto zokwakha kufanele ilwele ukudabula inqwaba yezinto eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisiwe, njengensimbi ethuthukisiwe nensimbi nezinto zokwakha ze-petrochemical, ezidingeka ngokushesha emikhakheni yezicelo ezibalulekile, ezoletha namathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwe-tantalum. - imboni ye-niobium metallurgy.
I-value chain yemboni ye-tantalum-Niobium metallurgy ihlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe (i-tantalum ore), imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical (i-tantalum oxide, i-niobium oxide ne-potassium fluotantalate), imikhiqizo ye-pyrometallurgical (i-tantalum powder nocingo lwe-tantalum), imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe (i-tantalum capacitor, njll.), imikhiqizo yokugcina kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi (iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G, inkambu ye-aerospace, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu, njll.). Njengoba yonke imikhiqizo ye-metallurgical eshisayo ikhiqizwa emikhiqizweni ye-hydrometallurgical, futhi imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukukhiqiza ingxenye yemikhiqizo ecutshungulwayo noma imikhiqizo yokugcina, imikhiqizo ye-hydrometallurgical idlala indima ebalulekile embonini ye-tantalum-niobium metallurgical.
I-downstream tantalum-niobium pimakethe ye-roducts kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule, ngokusho kombiko we-Zha Consulting. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-powder ye-tantalum yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-1,456.3 ngo-2018 kuya cishe amathani angu-1,826.2 ngo-2023. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-metallurgical grade tantalum powder emakethe yomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-837.1 ngo-2018 kuya cishe ku-1,126.1 amathani angu-2023 (amathani angu-2023). okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elilinganiselwa ku-6.1%). Khonamanjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwebha ye-tantalum yaseChina kulindeleke ukuthi kwenyuke kusuka kumathani angaba ngu-221.6 ngo-2018 kuya cishe kumathani angama-337.6 ngo-2023 (okungukuthi, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka cishe ngo-8.8%), ngokombiko weJolson Consulting. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabathengi abangaba amakhasimende ayo, Le nkampani ithe ku-prospectus yayo ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-68.8 ezimali eziqoqiwe azosetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ephansi, efana ne-tantalum powder nemigoqo, ukuze kwandiswe isisekelo samakhasimende ayo, kuthathwe okuningi. amathuba ebhizinisi futhi andise isabelo semakethe.
Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ngaphansi kwemboni ye-5G kusesesigabeni sokuqala. I-5G ibonakala ngokuvama okuphezulu nokuminyana okuphezulu. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sobubanzi obusebenzayo obulinganayo, isidingo seziteshi eziyisisekelo siphezulu kakhulu kunenkathi yokuxhumana yangaphambilini. Lo nyaka unyaka wokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ye-5G. Ngokusheshisa kokwakhiwa kwe-5G, isidingo sokufakwa kwezicelo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu kakhulu siyakhula, okwenza isidingo sama-tantalum capacitor ahlale eqinile.