Ama-catalysts asuselwa ku-antimony

I-Polyester (Pet) Fiber iyizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-fiber zokwenziwa. Izingubo ezenziwe nge-polyester fiber zintofontofo, crisp, kulula ukugeza, futhi zisheshe zome. I-Polyester nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi njengento eluhlaza yokufaka, izimboni zezimboni, kanye neplastiki yobunjiniyela. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-polyester isungule ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke, yanda ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingu-7% nangokukhipha okukhulu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyester kungahlukaniswa ngomzila we-dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) umzila we-terephthalic acid (PTA) ngokuya ngenqubo yenqubo futhi kungahlukaniswa ngenqubo ye-incomatent kanye nenqubo eqhubekayo ngokuya ngokusebenza. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhiqiza eyamukelwa, ukusabela kwe-polycondensation kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha zensimbi njengama-catalysts. Ukusabela kwe-polycondessation kuyisinyathelo esingukhiye enqubweni yokukhiqiza iPolyester, kanye nesikhathi se-polycondenation yi-bottleneck yokuthuthukisa isivuno. Ukuthuthuka kohlelo lweCatalyst kuyinto ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi ye-polyester nokunciphisa isikhathi se-polycondenation.

I-Urbanmines Tech. I-Limited iyinkampani ehamba phambili yaseChina egxile ku-R & D, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyester catalyst-grade antimony trioxide, i-antimony antimony trioxide, i-antimony acetate, kanye ne-antimony glycol. Senze ucwaningo olunzulu ngale mikhiqizo - UMnyango we-R & D woMnyango we-Urbanmines manje ufingqa ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kwezimali ezingekho emthethweni kule ndatshana ukusiza amakhasimende ethu, futhi anikeze ukuncintisana okuphelele kwemikhiqizo ye-polyester fiber.

Izazi zasekhaya nezangaphandle zikholelwa ukuthi i-polyester polycondensation ukusabela kwe-polyester ukusatshalaliswa, futhi inqubo ye-catalytic ingeye-athomu ye-chelation, edinga i-athomu yensimbi e-catalyst ukuhlinzeka nge-arcy ye-arcy ye-arcons ye-carbonyl umoya we-carbonyl ukufeza inhloso ye-catalysis. Ukuze uthole ama-polycondenation, selokhu i-Electron Cloud Density ye-Carbonyl Oxygen eqenjini le-hydroxyethyl ester liphansi, i-electroongativity yama-metal ion iphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana, ukwenza lula ukuxhumana nokuhlanganisa ukuxhumanisa.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njenge-polyester catalysts: Li, Na, K, Be, SN, SN, SR, AL, SR, SB, SN, TI, AMINES, BORATE, Ama-guanidines, ama-sulfur aqukethe ama-organic arganic. Kodwa-ke, ama-catalysts asetshenziswa njengamanje futhi afundwe ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni ikakhulukazi ikakhulukazi, ama-GE, ne-TI Series Compounds. Kuboniswe inani elikhulu le-Studys: Ama-Catalysts asuselwa ku-Gea anokusabela okumbalwa okuhlale futhi akhiqize isilwane esezingeni eliphakeme, kepha umsebenzi wabo awuphakeme, futhi banezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa futhi bayabiza; Ama-catalysts asuselwa ku-Ti anomsebenzi ophakeme futhi isivinini sokuphendula esisheshayo, kepha ukusabela kwabo okuhlangene kusobala, okuphumela ekuzinweni okungekho emthethweni nombala ophuzi womkhiqizo, futhi ngokuvamile bakwazi ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PBT, PTT, njll.; Ama-catalysts asuselwa ku-SB awasebenzi kakhulu. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iphakeme ngoba ama-catalysts asuselwa ku-SB asebenza kakhulu, anokusabela okumbalwa kohla, futhi ashibhile. Ngakho-ke, basetshenziswe kabanzi. Phakathi kwazo, ama-catalysts asetshenziswa kakhulu e-SB asetshenziswa kakhulu antimony trioxide (SB2O3), antimony acetate (sb (CH3COO) 3), njll.

Uma ubheka umlando wokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-polyester, singathola ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-90% ezitshalo ze-polyester emhlabeni zisebenzisa amakhompiyutha okulwa nama-antimony njengama-catalysts njengama-catalysts njengama-catalysts. Ngo-2000, iChina ibilethe izitshalo eziningana ze-polyester, konke kwasetshenziswa amakhompiyutha okulwa nama-antimony njengama-catalysts, ikakhulukazi i-SB2O3 ne-SB (CH3COO) 3. Ngemizamo ehlangene yokucwaninga kwesayensi yamaShayina, amanyuvesi, kanye neminyango yokukhiqiza, lezi zinhlaka ezimbili manje sezikhiqizwe ngokugcwele.

Kusukela ngo-1999, inkampani yamakhemikhali yaseFrance e-Elf iqale i-antimony glycol [sb2 (och2chch2co) 3] Catalyst njengomkhiqizo othuthukisiwe we-catalysts yendabuko. Ama-polyester chips akhiqizwa amhlophe amhlophe nokuwohloka okuhle, okudonsele ukunakwa okukhulu ezikhungweni ezicwaningayo zasekhaya Catalyst, amabhizinisi, nabakhiqizi be-poyester eChina.

I. Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-antimony trioxide
I-United States ingelinye lamazwe okuqala ukukhiqiza nokusebenzisa i-SB2O3. Ngo-1961, ukusetshenziswa kwe-SB2O3 e-United States kwafika amathani angama-4,943. Ngawo-1970s, izinkampani ezinhlanu eJapan zikhiqize i-SB2O3 enekhono eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathani angama-6,360 ngonyaka.

Ucwaningo lwe-China oluphambili lwe-SB2O3 kanye namayunithi wentuthuko agxile kakhulu kwalowo owayemabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni esifundazweni saseHunan naseShanghai. I-Urbanmines Tech. Inqunyelwe futhi isungule umugqa wokukhiqiza ochwepheshe esiFundazweni saseHunan.

(I). Indlela yokukhiqiza i-antimony trioxide
Ukwenziwa kwe-SB2O3 kuvame ukusebenzisa i-antimony sulfide ore njengento eluhlaza. I-Metal Antimony iyalungiswa okokuqala, bese kukhiqizwa i-SB2O3 kusetshenziswa i-antimony yensimbi njengento eluhlaza.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokukhiqiza i-SB2O3 kusuka ku-antimony yensimbi: Direct oxidation kanye nokuwohloka kwe-nitrogen.

1. Indlela eqondile ye-oxidation
I-Metal Antimony ihlangana nomoya-mpilo ngaphansi kokushisa ukuze kwakhiwe i-SB2O3. Inqubo yokuphendula imi kanjena:
I-4SB + 3O2 == 2SB2O3

2. I-Ammolysis
Insimbi ye-antimony iphendula nge-chlorine ukuhlanganisa antimony tricony trichloride, bese kufakwa uthango, hydrolyzed, amonmondoyed, wageza, futhi omiswe ukuthola umkhiqizo we-SB2O3 oqediwe. Ukulingana okuyisisekelo ukulingana ngukuthi:
I-2SB + 3CL2 == 2SBCL3
SBCL3 + H2O == SBOCL + 2HCL
I-4SBOCL + H2O == SB2O3 · 2SBOCL + 2hcl
SB2O3 · 2sbocl + oh == 2sb2o3 + 2nh4cl + h2o

(Ii). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-antimony trioxide
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-antimony trioxide kunjenge-catalyst ye-polymerase kanye ne-flame retardant yezinto zokwenziwa.
Emkhakheni we-polyester, i-SB2O3 yaqala ukusetshenziswa njenge-catalyst. I-SB2O3 isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njenge-polycondessation catalyst yendlela ye-DMT kanye nendlela yokuqala ye-PTA futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-H3PO4 noma ama-enzyme awo.

(Iii). Izinkinga nge-antimony trioxide
I-SB2O3 ine-soubity empofu ku-ethylene glycol, nge-solubility ye-4.04% kuphela ku-150 ° C. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-ethylene glycol isetshenziselwa ukulungiselela i-catalyst, i-SB2O3 inokungafani okumpofu, okungadala kalula inhlonipho ohlelweni lwe-polymerization, ikhiqize ubunzima be-cyclic e-cyclic, futhi ulethe ubunzima bokuthi ujikeleze. Ukwenza ngcono i-solubility kanye nokuhlakazeka kwe-SB2O3 ku-ethylene glycol, kuvame ukwamukelwa ukusebenzisa i-ethylene glycol ngokweqile noma ukukhulisa izinga lokuchithwa libe ngaphezulu kwe-150 ° C. Kodwa-ke, ngenhla kwe-120 ° C, i-SB2O3 ne-Ethylene Glycol ingakhiqiza i-ethylene glycol antimony yezulu lapho benza ndawonye isikhathi eside, futhi i-SB2O3 ingahle incishiswe ibe yi-antimony ye-polycondessation ukusabela kwe-polycondessetion futhi ithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

II. Ukucwaninga nokusetshenziswa kwe-antimony acetate
Indlela yokulungiselela ye-antimony acetate
Ekuqaleni, i-antimony acetate yalungiswa ngokuphendula i-antimony trioxide nge-acetic acid, futhi i-acetic anhydride yasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuphelelwa ngamandla ukudonsa amanzi akhiqizwa ukusabela. Izinga lomkhiqizo osuqediwe otholwe yile ndlela bekungephezulu, futhi kwathatha amahora angaphezu kwama-30 e-trioxide trioxide ukuncibilikisa nge-acetic acid. Kamuva, i-antimony acetate yalungiswa ngokuphendula nge-antimony yensimbi, i-antimony trichloride, noma i-antimony trioxide nge-acetic anhydride, ngaphandle kwesidingo somenzeli wokuphelelwa ngamandla.

1. Indlela ye-Antimony Trichloride
Ngo-1947, uH. Schmidt et al. ENtshonalanga Jalimane kulungiselele i-SB (CH3COO) 3 ngokuphendula i-SBCL3 nge-acetic anhydride. Ifomula yokuphendula imi kanjena:
SBCL3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == SB (CH3COO) 3 + 3CH3COCL

2. Indlela yensimbi ye-antimony
Ngo-1954, i-Tapaybea ye-Soviet Union eyayilungile ilungiselelwe i-SB (CH3COO) 3 ngokuphendula i-Metallic Antimony ne-peroxyacetyl ku-Benzene Solution. Ifomula yokuphendula yile:
I-SB + (CH3COO) 2 == SB (CH3COO) 3

3. Indlela ye-Antimony Trioxide
Ngo-1957, uF. INerdel waseNtshonalanga Jalimane wasebenzisa i-SB2O3 ukuphendula nge-acetic anhydride ukukhiqiza i-SB (CH3COO) 3.
I-SB2O3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == 2SB (CH3COO) 3
Ukungathandeki kwale ndlela ukuthi amakristalu ajwayele ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ezinkulu futhi anamathele ngokuqinile odongeni olungaphakathi lwe-reactor, okuholela ekwindla lomkhiqizo ompofu nombala.

4. Indlela ye-Antimony Trioxide Solvent
Ukunqoba ukushiyeka kwendlela engenhla, i-solvent engathathi hlangothi ivame ukungezwa ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-SB2O3 ne-Acetic Anhydride. Indlela ethile yokulungiselela imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
(1) Ngo-1968, uR. Thoms we-American Mosun Chemical Company eshicilele ilungelo lobunikazi lapho kulungiswa i-antimony acetate. I-patent esetshenziswe i-xylene (O-, m-, i-P-XYLENEEN, noma ingxube yayo) njenge-solvent engathathi hlangothi ukukhiqiza amakristalu amahle e-antimony acetate anto antimony.
(2) Ngo-1973, iCzech Republic yasungula indlela yokukhiqiza i-antimony antimony enhle esebenzisa iTolune njenge-solvent.

 

III. Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-catalysts amathathu asuselwa ku-antimony