1, Imfuno yokuphela kwefoto: Ibango le-Photovoltaic amandla efakiweyo yomelele, kwaye ibango le-Polysilicicon libuyiselwe ngokusekwe kwi-uqikelelo elifakiweyo
1.1. Ukusetyenziswa kwePolysilicon: jikeleleIvolumu yokusebenzisa iyanda ngokuthe chu, ubukhulu becala kwifotovoltaic amandla
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, jikelelePolysiliciconUkusetyenziswa kuqhubeke nokunyuka, kwaye umda wase-China uqhubekile nokwandisa, kukhokelwa ngumzi-mveliso wefotovoltaic. Ukusukela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2021, ukusela i-Polysilican ye-Polysilicon kubonisa imeko ephezulu, ukunyuka ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-237,000 ukuya kwi-653,000 yeetoni. Ngo-2018, i-China ye-China engama-531 ye-Photovoltaic yaziswa, enciphise ireyithi yenkxaso-mali ye-Photovoltaic amandla. Umthamo osandula ukufaka i-Prevoltaic wawa nge-18% ngonyaka, kwaye imfuno ye-Polysilicon yachaphazeleka. Ukusukela ngo-2019, urhulumente wazise inani lemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza ubume begridi yeefotovoltaics. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lomzi mveliso wefotovoltaic, imfuno ye-Polysilicicon iphinde ingene kwithuba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngeli xesha, umda we-Polysilicicon wase-China kwiyonke ukusetyenziswa komhlaba gqitha, ukusuka kwi-61.5% ngo-2012 ukuya kwi-93.9% ngo-202.9, ikakhulu ngenxa yeSpecied Specied Specied Specied Speciority Ishishini. Ukusuka kwimbono yendlela yokusebenzisa i-jintition yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zePolysilicicicon ngo-2021, izixhobo ze-silicon ezisetyenziselwa i-94% ye-Polysilicicicon kunye ne-Polysilicon ye-Slicon, ngelixa i-Elerlililicon esetyenziselwa i-94%. Umyinge yi-6%, ebonisa ukuba imfuno yangoku yePolysilicon ilawulwa ziifotovoltaics. Kulindelwe ukuba ngemvume yomgaqo-nkqubo weekhabhoni ezimbini, imfuno yomthamo ofakiweyo wefotovoltaic iya kuba namandla, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kunye nenqanaba le-polysilicicon ye-solarsilicon kuya kuqhubeka nokonyuka.
1.2. I-Silicon Wafer: I-Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer ihlwempuzekileyo, kunye netekhnoloji eqhubekayo ye-CZOVOCOSKI ikhula ngokukhawuleza
Ikhonkco le-Dowstream le-Polysilicicon yi-silicon ye-safer, kwaye i-China ngoku ilawula imarike ye-silicon ye-silicon. Ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2021, indawo yehlabathi ye-silcon kunye ne-Chinese, i-Chinese yesikhubekiso kunye neziphumo zisaqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye ishishini lefotovoltaic iqhubekile nokuphumelela. I-SISilicon I-WEBS isebenza njengebhulorho yokuqhagamshela izixhobo zebhulorho kunye neebhetri, kwaye akukho mthwalo kwimigangatho yemveliso, ke iyaqhubeka nokutsala inani elikhulu leenkampani ukufaka ishishini. Ngo-2021, abavelisi baseTshayina abafe abavelisileyo bandisiweyoimvelisoUmthamo we-213.5GW Iziphumo, ezikhutshiwe imveliso ye-silicon ye-silicon ye-silicon yokukhula ukuya kwi-215.4GW. Ngokutsho komgangatho okhoyo nowasandula ukunyusa iMveliso e-China, kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokukhula lonyaka liza kugcina i-15-% kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kwaye imveliso yase China izakugcina isikhundla esibalaseleyo emhlabeni.
I-Polycrystalline Silicon inokwenziwa kwi-polycrystalline ye-silicots okanye i-monocrystalline dods. Inkqubo yemveliso ye-polycrystalline ye-silicones iquka indlela yokuphosa kunye nendlela ethe ngqo. Okwangoku, uhlobo lwesibini yeyona ndlela iphambili, kwaye izinga lokulahleka ligcinwe malunga ne-5%. Indlela yokuphosa ikakhulu kukunyibilikisa izinto ze-silicon kwindawo enqamlezileyo yokuqala, emva koko iphoswe kwenye eyakhiwe inqabile ngokukholisa. Ngokulawula inqanaba lokupholisa, iPolycrystalline Silicon Iyot iphoswe yitekhnoloji yokuqiniseka kwesikhokelo. Inkqubo eshushu yokunyibilika yendlela ethe ngqo yokunyibilikisa iyafana nendlela yendlela yokuphosa, apho i-polsililicon inyibilikile ngqo kwindawo enqamlekileyo, kodwa inyathelo lokupholisa yahlukile kwindlela yokuphola. Nangona ezi ndlela zimbini zifana kakhulu nendalo, indlela ethe ngqo enyibilikayo ifuna kuphela i-thercrystalls elungileyo, kwaye eyona nkqubo yokukhula kulula ukuyinciphisa. Okwangoku, amashishini aphambili kwishishini lezixhobo zelanga jikelele lisebenzisa indlela ethe ngqo yokwenza i-Polycrystalline, kwaye imixholo yekhabhoni kunye ne-I-APPEEN ilawulwa ngezantsi kwe-10ppma kunye ne-16ppma. Kwixa elizayo, ukuveliswa kwe-polycrystallinenus ye-silicolline iza kulawulwa yindlela ethe ngqo, kwaye izinga lelahleko liza kuhlala malunga ne-5% kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu.
Ukuveliswa kwe-monocrystalliner rods ye-salicolnic ikakhulu isekwe kwiNdoda yeCzobhralski, ixhaswe yindlela yokumiselwa kwemithi ethe nkqo, kwaye iimveliso eziveliswa zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. The Czochralski method uses graphite resistance to heat polycrystalline silicon in a high-purity quartz crucible in a straight-tube thermal system to melt it, then insert the seed crystal into the surface of the melt for fusion, and rotate the seed crystal while inverting the crucible. , Ikristali yembewu iphakanyiselwa kancinci, kwaye i-monocrystalline ifunyanwe kwiinkqubo zokufuduka, ukukhula, ukukhula kwegxa, kunye nokugqitywa. Indlela yokudada yendawo yokudada ehamba nkqo ibhekisa ekulungiseleleni i-Colnam-Preystal Polycrystalline yeColycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline ye-Polycrystalline. isusiwe, inyibilikisiwe iphinde yenze i-crystal enye. Ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, kukho umahluko kwizixhobo zemveliso, iindleko zemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Okwangoku, iimveliso ezifunyenwe yindlela yokunyibilikisa, zinokucutha izixhobo eziphezulu kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ze-semicondon, ngelixa indlela ye-Czobhralski inokuhlangabezana neeseli ze-cryvoltaicic kwaye ineendleko eziphantsi, ngoko yindlela ephantsi, ngenxa yoko yindlela ephantsi. Ngo-2021, isabelo sentengiso sendlela ethe tye imalunga ne-85%, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inyuke kancinci kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Izabelo zentengiso zikwi-2025 ne-2030 zixelwe kwangaphambili ukuba ziyi-87% ne-90% ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokwe-Crystal yesithili esinyibilikayo esilingisi, ishishini lokutshintsha kwesithili ukunyibilika i-silicon enye ilula emhlabeni. Ukufunyanwa), i-toplil (iDenmark). Kwixa elizayo, ubungakanani bokuphumeza kwe-molstal silicon yekhristi engayi kwanda kakhulu. Isizathu kukuba itekhnoloji enxulumene ne-China ibuyela umva xa ithelekiswa neJapan neJamani, ngakumbi amandla eendawo zokufudumeza amantshontsho aphezulu kunye neendlela zekristali. Itekhnoloji ye-Fiday Slicon ye-crystal kwindawo enkulu yedayari ifuna amashishini amaTshayina ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlola ngokwabo.
Indlela ye-Czobhracralski inokwahlulwa kwitekhnoloji yokutsala okuphumelelayo (i-CCZ) kunye neTekhnoloji ye-crystal ephindaphindiweyo (i-RCz). Okwangoku, indlela ephambili kwishishini yi-RCz, ekwinqanaba lenguqu ukusuka kwi-RCZ kwi-CCZ. Ukudodobala kwekristali enye kunye namanyathelo omoya azimele geqe enye. Ngaphambi kokutsala nganye, i-cystal enye yekristal kufuneka iphole kwaye isuswe kwigumbi lesango, ngelixa i-CCZ inokukuqaphela ukondla kunye nokunyibilika ngelixa ukutsala. I-RCz ikhula ngokuvakalayo, kwaye kukho igumbi elincinci lokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kwixesha elizayo; Ngelixa i-CCZ ineengenelo zokunciphisa iindleko kunye nophuculo olusebenzayo, kwaye zikwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwexabiso, xa kuthelekiswa ne-RCz, ethatha malunga neeyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi kokuba kutyiwe intonga enye, i-CCZ inokuphucula kakhulu ukuvelisa, ukunciphisa iindleko zokushiywa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokuphelisa eli nyathelo. Iyonke yokukhuphela iziko elinye elingaphezulu kwe-20% ephezulu kune-RCz. Ixabiso lemveliso lingaphezulu kwe-10% elingaphantsi kwe-rcz. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kakuhle, i-CCZ inokugqiba umzobo we-8-10 i-crystal rods ngaphakathi komjikelo wobomi (iiyure ezingama-250), ngelixa i-RCZ inokugqitywa nge-4-150%. Ngokuphathelele kumgangatho, i-CCZ inesiko elingakumbi elingakumbi, i-oxgen esezantsi, kunye nokuqokelelwa okucothayo okungcolileyo, ngoko kulungele ukulungiswa kwe-silicon ye-systal ye-systal, ekwakwixesha lokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, ezinye iinkampani zaseTshayina zibhengeze ukuba zinetekhnoloji ye-CCZ, kwaye indlela ye-Granten-Ccz-NE-TCH-N-NE-CHEY SINCYSTRINALDINEALYSTRINELY I-WIFERS icacile, kwaye sele iqalile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-slickon ze-silicon ze-silicon. . Kwixa elizayo, i-CCZ iya kutshintsha i-RCZ, kodwa iya kuthatha inkqubo ethile.
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-monocrystalline ye-silicol ye-silicon yahlulahlulwe yangamanyathelo amane: ukutsala, ukucheba, ukucoca, ukucoca kunye nokucoca kunye nokucoca kunye nokucoca kunye nokucoca kunye nokucoca. Ukuvela kwendlela yedayili yedayimani kunciphise kakhulu inqanaba lokulahleka kwesidanga. Inkqubo yokutsala i-crystal ichazwe apha ngasentla. Inkqubo yokuqhekeza ibandakanya ukuncipha, i-squili, kunye nemisebenzi yokuhamba. Ukucheba kukusebenzisa umatshini wokucheba ukusika i-Colmicor Silicon kwii-sefir ze-silicon. Ukucocwa kunye nokuhlelwa ngamanyathelo okugqibela kwimveliso ye-sefirs ye-silicon. Indlela yedayili yedayimani inezibonelelo ezibonakalayo ngaphezulu kwendlela ye-wire yodaka, eboniswa ikakhulu ngexesha elifutshane lokusebenzisa kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi. Isantya sengcinezelo yedayimani siphinde izihlandlo ezihlanu zeyokunqunyulwa ngokwemvelo. Umzekelo, ukusika i-wire-fur-wire cire ukusika i-wire kuthatha malunga neeyure ezili-10, kwaye intambo yedayimani yokusika kuphela kuthatha iiyure ezi-2. Ukuphulukana nokusika intambo yedayimani kukwancinci, kwaye umonakalo obangelwe yi-Wire Wire Dire incinci kune-wire wire wire, elungele ukusika i-slicon ye-silicon. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ilahleko yokusika kunye neendleko zokuveliswa, iinkampani ziguqulwe kwiindlela zedayimani zedayimani, kwaye ububanzi beebhayini zedayimani zedayimani ziya ezantsi kwaye ziphantsi. Ngo-2021, ububanzi be-wire ye-wire yedayimani buya kuba ngama-43-56 μm, kwaye ububanzi be-wire ye-wire yedayimani esetyenziselwa i-monocrystalline i-suficry tafine iya kuncipha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngonyaka wama-2025 nowama-2030, iidayimitha ze-wire yedayimani ezisetyenziselwa ukusika i-rolycrystalline ye-willcystalline ye-Polycystalline i-51 μ kunye ne-51 μ kunye ne-51 μ kunye ne-51 μm, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yokuba zininzi iziphene kunye nokungcola kwi-polycrystalline ye-silicolline, kwaye iingcingo ezicekeceke zithambekele. Ke ngoko, ububanzi be-wire ye-wire yedayimani esetyenziselwe ukusika i-Polycrystalline i-Wilicolline ye-Polycrystalline, kwaye isetyenziselwa i-polycrystalline ye-silicolline, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuncipha kwe-wires
Okwangoku, i-silicon ye-silicon ihlulwe ikakhulu ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-polycrystalline ye-silicolnes kunye ne-monocrystalline ye-silicolline. I-Monocrystalline i-Slicolline i-wefirs inezibonelelo zobomi obude bobomi kunye neyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokuguqula. I-Polycrystalline ye-Willicolline ye-sefirs iqulunqwe ingqolowa ye-crystal ye-crystal ye-crystal, ngelixa i-crystal ye-crystal ye-crystal yenziwa nge-polycrystalline slicon njengezifundo ezifanayo zekristali. Ngembonakalo, i-polycrystalline ye-silicon ye-safers kunye ne-crystal ye-silicon ye-silicon ye-blue-mnyama kwaye imnyama-mnyama. Kuba ezi zinto zimbini zinqunyulwe kwi-polycrystalline ye-silicots kunye ne-monocrystalline rods, ngokulandelelana, iimilo zine-square kunye ne-quasi-sikwere. Inkonzo yobomi be-polycrystalline ye-seficn ye-safers kunye ne-monocrystalline ye-silicolne i-ofisi malunga neminyaka engama-20. Ukuba indlela yokupakisha kwaye isebenze ngokungqongileyo, ubomi benkonzo bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-25. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuphila kwe-monocrystalline i-seficline ide ide kancinci kuneso se-polycrystalline ye-sefirs. Ukongeza, i-monocrystalline i-seficn ye-sicon ilunge ngakumbi kwifoto yokuguqula ifoto, kunye nokuxinana kwabo okungekho mthethweni kunye nokungcola kwentsimbi kuncinane kune-polycrystalline ye-polycystalline. Iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zenza ukuba i-Deriers encinci yobomi bamakristali amakristali amaxesha aphezulu kuneso se-polycrystalline ye-polycystalline ye-sefirs. Ngaloo ndlela sibonisa ithuba lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngo-2021, eyona mpumelelo ineleyo yokuguqula kwePolycrystalline ye-Polycry Swicon I-WEBS iya kuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-21, kwaye ye-monocry fafstalline ye-silicolline iza kufikelela kwi-24.2%.
Ukongeza kubomi obude kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, iMonocrystalline i-WIFERS ikwanethuba lokucofa, oko kukufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesilika kunye neendleko ze-silicon, kodwa zinikele ukwanda kwenqanaba lokuqhekeka. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-silicon ye-SISilicon inceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokwenza imveliso, kwaye inkqubo yangoku yenkqubo inokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokuthintela, kodwa ubukhulu be-silicon i-sefirs kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zeseli esezantsi kunye nemveliso yeselfowuni. Ngokubanzi, ubukhulu be-silicon i-wafirs sele incipha kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye ubukhulu bePolycrystalline ye-Silicolline i-sefir inkulu kakhulu kunezo ze-monocrystalline ze-monocystalline. I-Monocrystalline i-Wicon ye-Wicon ye-Swicon ye-N-I-NEFER WEFERS, yohlobo lwe-silicon ye-silicon ye-silicon iquka ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri yebhetri kunye ne-HJT. Ngo-2021, ubukhulu bomndilili wePolycrystalline i-Wilicolline I-178μm, kwaye ukungabikho kwemfuno kwikamva kuya kubaqhuba ukuba baqhubeke benqabile. Ke ngoko, kuxelwe kwangaphambili ukuba ubukhulu buya kuncipha kancinane ukusuka ku-2022 ukuya ku-2024, kwaye ubukhulu buza kuhlala malunga ne-170μm emva kwe-2025; Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bohlobo lwe-P-Chwethertalline i-Slicoltalline i-Slicon imalunga ne-170μm, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihlise i-150μm kwaye i-140μm, kwaye i-202m, i-tick yodidi lwe-HJT isetyenziselwa i-Towncon Iiseli ziyi-165μm. 135μm.
Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kwe-polycrystalline ye-silicolline i-sefirs itya ngakumbi i-selicon ye-monocrystalline ye-sefir, kodwa izibonelelo zemveliso zilula, ezizisa iinzuzo ze-polycrystalline ye-polycrystalline. I-Polycrystalline, njengezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-polycrystalline ye-pulyrrystalline kunye ne-monocrystalline ye-silicolline, inesiselo esahlukileyo ekuvelisweni kwezi zinto zimbini, kwimveliso yemveliso yezi zimbini. Ngo-2021, ukusetyenziswa kwesilika yePolycrystalline Iyot yi-1.10 kg / kg. Kulindelwe ukuba utyalomali olulinganiselweyo kuphando kunye nophuhliso luya kukhokelela kutshintsho oluncinci kwixesha elizayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-silicon yentonga yokutsala yi-1.066 kg / kg, kwaye kukho igumbi elithile lokufumana impumelelo. Kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-1.05 kg / kg kunye ne-1.043 kg / kg ngo-2025 nangama-2030, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwinkqubo yokutsala i-crystal ye-crystal, ukuncitshiswa kwe-silicon yentonga yokutsala kunokufezekiswa ngokunciphisa ilahleko yokuphulukana nokuhlelwa, ukuphucula ubuchwephesha kunye netekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili. Nangona ukusela i-silicon ye-polycrystalline ye-silicolline i-Polycry Polycry Wafr iphakanyiswe yi-IngoCoot ye-Silicolline iveliswa kukukhula okucothayo kwi-CzobhObral, etya amandla aphezulu. Iphantsi. Ngo-2021, iindleko zemveliso ephakathi ye-monocrystalline ye-sefir iya kuba malunga ne-0.673 yuan / w, kwaye le ye-polycrystalline ye-silicolline i-0.66 yuan / w.
Njengoko ubukhulu be-Silicon wafer ihla kwaye ububanzi be-wire ye-wire yedayimani buya kunciphisa, i-imets ye-slicter ye-silicol iya kunyuka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-polycrystalliney. Malunga namandla, amandla asetyenziswa yi-selicon nganye ye-silicon iyahluka kohlobo kunye nobungakanani. Ngo-2021, ukukhutshwa kwe-P-Chwether yohlobo lwe-166mmm ye-monocrystalline malunga neekhilogramu ezimalunga ne-64 ngeekhilogramu ze-polycrystalline malunga neziqwenga ezingama-59. Phakathi kwe-P-Ceetal ye-Crystal ye-slickol, impatho ye-158.75mm yobukhulu be-rods imalunga neekhilogram ezingama-212mm imalunga neekhilogram ezingama-212mm ze-Tystal imalunga neekhilogram ze-stores ezingama-212mm malunga neziqwenga ezingama-53. Iziphumo zebhati ye-Square imalunga nama-40 iziqwenga. Ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-2030, ukuthambisa okuqhubekayo kwe-selicon kwenziwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kukhokelela kwinani le-silicon rods / ingets yomthamo ofanayo. Ububanzi obuncinci be-wire ye-wire yedayimani kunye nobungakanani be-subrium ye-parium iya kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yokusika, ngaloo ndlela yandiswa inani leendawo ezivelisiweyo. ubungakanani. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngonyaka we-2025 nowama-2030, imveliso yobukhulu be-Polycystalline malunga ne-78 kunye ne-78 yeekhilomitha ze-polycrystalline imalunga nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Kukho umahluko kumandla eentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu be-silicon ye-sefers. Ngokwedatha yesibhengezo kumandla aphakathi aphakathi kwe-158.75mm ye-silicon i-5,8w / i-ovar, i-avareji ye-166mm ye-ALMORY I-152mm i-oricon ye-182mm imalunga ne-6.25w / iqhekeza le-silicon. Umndilili wamandla omzimba esilicon wafer malunga ne-7.49w / iqhekeza, kunye nomndilili we-210mm ye-Silicon Afer malunga ne-10w / iqhekeza.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-silicon ye-sifle iphuhlise ngokuthe ngcembe kwicala lesayizi enkulu, kwaye ubukhulu obukhulu bulungile ekwenzeni amandla e-chip enye, ngaloo ndlela bachitha iindleko ze-silicon zeeseli. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bohlengahlengiso lwe-silicon i-sefirs ikwafuna ukuqwalasela i-upstream kunye ne-Dowwpleam Translation kunye nemicimbi yokomgangatho, ngakumbi umthwalo kunye nemicimbi ephakamileyo. Okwangoku, kukho iinkampu ezimbini kwimarike ngokubhekisele kulwahlulo lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lobukhulu be-silicon waffe, oko kukuthi ngo-182mm ubungakanani kunye ne-210mm ubungakanani. Isindululo se-182mm isuka kwimbono yokudityaniswa kweshishini elithe nkqo, esekwe ekuqwalaselweni kofakelo kunye nokuhamba kweeseli zefotovoltaic, amandla kunye nokusebenza kwemodyuli kunye nendlela enamanzi aphakathi kunye nezantsi; Ngelixa i-210mm isuka kwimbono yexabiso lemveliso kunye neendleko zenkqubo. Imveliso ye-210mm ye-SILINS inyuke ngaphezulu kwe-15% yenkqubo yokuzoba i-rogram ye-rod, indleko zebhetri yebhetri incitshisiwe malunga ne-0.02 yuan / w, kwaye indleko iyonke incitshisiwe malunga ne-0.1 yuan / w. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kulindeleke ukuba i-safen ye-silicon ngesayizi engezantsi kwe-166mm iya kupheliswa ngokuthe ngcembe; I-upstream kunye ne-downystream ehambelana neengxaki ezingama-210mm, i-slicon ye-Silicon iya kusonjululwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iindleko ziya kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi echaphazela utyalomali kunye nemveliso yamashishini. Ke ngoko, isabelo sentengiso esingama-210mm semfusi siya kukhula. Ukunyuka okungagungqiyo; I-182mm Silicon I-Wafer iya kuba ngobukhulu obuqhelekileyo kwintengiso ngenxa yeengenelo zayo ngokudibeneyo kwiTekhnoloji yokuSebenza ye-210mm yaseSilicon Wafe, i-182mm iya kunika yona. Ukongeza, kunzima ukubanjwa kwe-silicon ye-silicon ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimarike kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kuba imisebenzi yabasebenzi inyuka i-slicon ye-slicon ye-Silicon iya kunyuka kakhulu, kunzima ukuhlawula iindleko zemveliso kunye neendleko zenkqubo. . Ngo-2021, i-Silicon Wafer kwimarike ibandakanya i-156.72mm, i-157mm, i-156mm, i-156mm, i-166mm, eyathatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elizayo; I-166mm yesona sisombululo sikhulu esinokuphuculwa ukuba siphuculwe umgca wepropathi yebhetri ekhoyo, oya kuba ngowona mgangatho mkhulu kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Ngokwemigaqo yobukhulu benguqu, kulindeleke ukuba isabelo sentengiso siya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-2% ngo-2030; Ubungakanani obudityanelweyo be-182mm kunye ne-210mm iya kuphendula nge-45% ngo-2021, kwaye isabelo sentengiso siya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo. Kulindelwe ukuba isabelo sentengiso sizonke ngo-2030 siya kudlula kwi-98%.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isabelo sentengiso se-monocrystalline siye saqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye siye sahlala kwindawo ephambili kwintengiso. Ukusukela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2021, umda we-monocrystalline slese ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-20% ukuya kwi-93.3%, ulwando olubalulekileyo. Ngo-2018, i-sefickon ye-silicon kwimarike ikakhulu zii-polycrystalline zefers, i-accounting ngaphezulu kwe-50%. Esona sizathu kukuba izibonelelo zobuchwephesha ze-monocrystalline ye-silicolline azikwazi ukugubungela izinto ezingalunganga. Ukusukela ngo-2019, njengoGqibeleleyo ukuguqulwa kwefoto ye-monocrystalline ye-silicolline ye-polycystalline ye-pulicolline, isabelo sentengiso se-monocrystalline siqhubekile nokunyuka, sibe yindawo ephambili kwimarike. imveliso. Kulindelwe ukuba umda wenani le-monocrystalline i-wafs iya kufikelela malunga ne-96% ngo-2025, kunye nesabelo sentengiso se-monocystalline ye-monocystalline iya kufikelela kwi-207.7% ngo-2030. (Ingxelo yexesha elizayo)
1.3. Iibhetri: Iibhetri ze-Perc zilawula imarike, kwaye uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-N-Chwetheza zityhalela umgangatho wemveliso
Ikhonkco le-Middremam le-Potovltaic Spexin iquka iiseli zefotovoltaic kunye neemodyuli zefowuni zePhotovoltaic. Ukulungiswa kwe-sefer ye-silicon kwiiseli zezona nyathelo libalulekileyo lokufumana ukuguqulwa kwefoto. Kuthatha malunga namanyathelo asixhenxe okuqhuba isisele esiqhelekileyo kwi-selicon wafer. Okokuqala, faka i-silicon wafer kwi-hydrofluoric acid ukuvelisa isakhiwo sePiramid-njengesakhiwo esifana ne-suede kumphezulu wayo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuveliswa kwelanga; Okwesibini yiphosphorus eyahlukileyo kumphezulu welinye icala lesilika esisilicon ye-PN ukwenza i-PN Junction, kunye nomgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo intlawulo yeseli; Elesithathu kukususa i-PN Junction ye-PN esekwe kwicala le-silicon wafer ngexesha lokungafani kwenqanaba lokuthintela isiphaluka esifutshane seseli; Ifilimu ye-Silicon Nitride idityaniswe kwicala apho kwenziwa khona ukubonakalisa ukukhanya kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunyuke ukusebenza kakuhle; Elesihlanu kukuprinta ii-elekwensi zensimbi ngaphambili nangasemva kwe-silicon wafer ukuqokelela iinqwelo zokulwa eziveliswe ziifotovoltaics; Isiphaluka esishicilelwe kwinqanaba lokuprinta siyenziwe kwaye sidityaniswe ne-silicon wifer, oko kukuthi, iseli; Ekugqibeleni, iiseli ezinendlela eyahlukileyo ziyahlelwa.
Iiseli ze-Crystalline ze-Silicon zenziwa nge-selicon ye-silicon njengemigangatho, kwaye inokwahlulwa ibe ziiseli ze-p-chwep kunye neeseli zohlobo lwe-n Phakathi kwazo, iiseli ze-N I-P-chwep yohlobo lwe-silicon yenziwa ngokwenza i-silicon ye-silicon nge-boron, kunye nohlobo lwe-silicon ye-selicon yenziwa nge phosphorus. Ke ngoko, ukuxinana kweyona nto ye-boron kwi-N-Chwethe i-N-Ceeren ye-Boron i-oxygen, ukuphucula i-boiers speants ye-boron ye-boron ye-boron ye-boron ye-boron ye-boron ye-atenicon, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, akukho nto ikhutshelwe kwibhetri kwibhetri. Ukongeza, uhlobo lwe-N Ke ngoko, i-Wittle Addrierd Livelime yoBomi yeSeli yohlobo lwe-N Ngokwedatha yelebhu, umda ophezulu wokuguqula ukusebenza kweeseli zohlobo lwe-P-Chwether yi-24,5%, kunye nokusebenza kwemali ye-NE Chwethelwana kwi-4.7%, uhlobo lwe-NE Chwethe, lubonisa indlela yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yophuhliso. Ngo-2021, iiseli zohlobo lwe-NE Chwethelwana (ubukhulu becala kubandakanya iiseli ze-tentejuntetion kunye neeseli eziphezulu) zineendleko eziphezulu, kwaye ubungakanani bemveliso yobuninzi busencinci. Isabelo sentengiso sangoku simalunga ne-3%, ngokusisiseko esifana ne-2020.
Ngo-2021, ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zohlobo lwe-N ... kwaye kulindelwe ukuba kubekho igumbi elingakumbi lenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Ngo-2021, ukuveliswa kwenqanaba eliphezulu leeseli ze-P-Chwethertaltalline ze-P-Chwetheza kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-PERC, kwaye ukusebenza kwempumelelo komndilili kuya kufikelela kuma-23.1%, ukunyuka kweepesenti ze-0.3 iipesenti xa kuthelekiswa nama-2020; Ukuguqulwa kwempumelelo kwe-polycrystalline yeeseli ze-silicon kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-Perc ye-Perc kuya kufikelela kwi-21.0%, kuthelekiswa ne-2020. Ukunyuka kwepesenti ngonyaka; I-PolycStalline ye-Silicon Slicon Iseli eyomeleleyo, isebenza ngokusebenza nge-2021 iya kuba malunga ne-19,5%, kuphela ipesenti ephezulu, kunye nendawo yokuphucula i-0.1 i-0.1 yexesha elizayo ilinganiselwe; Ukusetyenziswa komndilili ophakathi kwe-Iyot Monocrystalline ye-Perc Perc Iiseli ze-22.4%, ezingu-0.7 zepesenti ezingama-0.7 ze-0.7 zepesenti ezingama-0.4 eziphantsi kunezo ze-monocrystalline zeerc; Ukusetyenziswa komndilili ophakathi kweendlela ze-N-Chwetheza i-NE-CORCK ifikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-24, kunye nokusetyenziswa komndilili wezindlu ze-henterjonction kufikelela kwi-2020 yeepesenti, kunye nokusebenza komndilili ophakathi kweeseli ze-IBC kufikelela kwi-24.2%. Ngokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji kwixa elizayo, itekhnoloji yebhetri efana ne-TBC kunye ne-HBC inokuqhubeka nokwenza inkqubela. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuncitshiswa kweendleko zemveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwesivuno, iibhetri ze-NTeech ziya kuba zenye yezona ndlela zophuhliso zetekhnoloji yebhetri.
Ukusuka kwimbono yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yebhetri, uhlaziyo lweTekhnoloji yeThebhetri luye kwi-BSF, i-Perc, i-PERC, i-topcon esekwe kubuchwephesha be-PERC, itekhnoloji entsha ebeka i-PERC; I-Topcon ingakwazi ukudityaniswa ne-IBC ukwenza i-TBC, kwaye i-HJT inokudityaniswa ne-IBC ukuba ibe yi-HBC. I-P-Chwetheza iiseli ze-P-chwep monocrystalline ikakhulu zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-Perc, uhlobo lwe-P-Chwether Polycrystalline ze-polycrystalline ze-polycystalline kunye ne-silicon ye-silicon yenziwa, kunye ne-silicon wafer Ixutywe ne-crystal eyodwa kunye nePolycrystalline yenziwa ngothotho lweenkqubo zokwenza. Kuba ngokuyintloko usebenzisa indlela yokulungiselela i-polycrystalline, ifakiwe kudidi lwee-p-chwether ze-P-chelycrystalline. Iiseli ze-N-Chwetheyine ikakhulu zibandakanya iiseli ze-upcocrystalline ze-uppy, i-HJT Monocrystalline zeDold kunye ne-IBC Monocrystalline. Ngo-2021, imigca emitsha yemveliso eninzi iza kulawulwa yimigca yemveliso ye-Perc ye-Perc, kwaye isabelo sentengiso seeseli ze-Perc siya kwandisa ngakumbi kwi-91.2%. Njengoko imfuno yeMveliso yeMveliso yangaphandle kunye nekhaya igxile kwiimveliso ezisebenza kakuhle, isabelo sentengiso seebhetri ze-BSF ziya kuhla ukusuka kwi-8.8% ukuya kwi-5% ngo-2021.
1.4. Iimodyuli: Iindleko zeeseli zezaba zeyona ndawo iphambili, kwaye amandla eemodyuli axhomekeke kwiiseli
Amanyathelo emveliso eemodyuli zePhotovoltaic ikakhulu ibandakanya ukudityaniswa kweseli kunye nokulelisa, kunye neeseli ze-akhawunti kwinxalenye enkulu yemodyuli yemodyuli yemodyuli yemodyuli yemodyuli. Ukusukela ngoku kwaye i-voltage yeseli enye incinci kakhulu, iiseli kufuneka zidityaniswe ngemivalo yebhasi. Apha, baqhagamshelwe kuphuculo lokwandisa i-voltage, kwaye emva koko baqhagamshelwe ngokuhambelana nokufumana okuphakathi, kwaye emva koko i-Poevoltaic Glasi, i-Eva okanye i-Eva okanye i-Eva okanye i-SILINAM YOKUGQIBELA NOKUFUNDA NGOKUGQIBELA. Ukusuka kwimbono yenkqubo yokuqulunqwa kwemveliso yecandelo, iiakhawunti zexabiso lezinto eziphathekayo ezingama-75%, ehlala kwindawo ephambili, elandelwa ziindleko zokwenza imveliso, iindleko zomsebenzi kunye neendleko zomsebenzi. Ixabiso lezinto ezikhokelwa ziindleko zeeseli. Ngokwezibhengezo ezivela kwiinkampani ezininzi, iiseli zezandla zimalunga ne-2/3 yeendleko ziyonke zeemodyuli zefotovoltaic.
Iimodyuli zefotovoltaic zihlala zahlulwe ngokweeseli, ubukhulu, kunye nobungakanani. Kukho umahluko kumandla eemodyuli ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke zikwinqanaba elinyukayo. Amandla luphawu oluphambili lweemodyuli zePhotovoltaic, ezimele amandla eemodyuli zokuguqula amandla elanga kube ngumbane. Ingabonwa ukusuka kumanani amandla eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodyuli zefotovoltaic apho xa ubungakanani kunye nenani leeseli zilingana, uhlobo lwemodyuli lungatshatanga> I-Polycrystalline; Ubukhulu becala nobungakanani, kokukhulu kwemodyuli yemodyuli; Ngeemodyuli zekristali enye kunye neemodyuli zokuziphatha kunye neemodyuli zokulinganisa, amandla omntu mkhulu kuneyeye yangaphambili. Ngokuka uqikelelo lwe-CPIA, amandla eemodyuli aya konyuka nge-5-10W minyaka le kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Ukongeza, ukupakishwa kwemodyuli kuya kuzisa ilahleko ethile yamandla, ikakhulu kubandakanya ilahleko yokukhanya kunye nokulahleka kombane. Okwangaphambili ibangelwa kukudluliselwa kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto zokupakisha ezifana neglasi yefotovoltaic kunye ne-Eva, kwaye i-Eva, kwaye i-Exal ikakhulu ibhekisele ekusetyenzisweni kweeseli zelanga ngothotho lwelanga. Ilahleko yesekethe ebangelwa kukungaxhathisa iribhoni ye-welding kunye nebha yebhasi, kwaye ilahleko yebhasi eyakho ibangelwa lusuku oluthengisiweyo lweeseli, ukuphulukana namandla e-8%.
1.5. I-Photovvoltaic ifakiwe: Imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe awahlukeneyo iqhutywa, kwaye kukho indawo enkulu yokufaka isikhundla esitsha kwixesha elizayo
Ilizwe lifikelela kwisivumelwano kwimvumelwano ye-ANet AIT phantsi kwenjongo yoKhuseleko lweNdawo, kunye ne-Economics yeeprojekthi ze-fotovoltaic echithiweyo ngokuthe ngcembe. Amazwe ahlolisisa ukukhulisa uphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyiweyo amandla ahlaziyiweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela enze izibophelelo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Uninzi lweegesi ezinkulu zegesi zineethagethi ezinokwenziwa ezingqinelanisiweyo, kwaye amandla afakiweyo amandla ahlaziyekayo mkhulu. Ngokusekwe kwi-1.5 ℃ Ithagethi yeqondo lobushushu, i-Irena iqikelela ukuba umhlaba ovunyiweyo wehlabathi uya kufikelela kwi-10.8TW nge-2030. Ukongeza kwi-2030. Ukongeza, i-United States iphantsi kunexesha elizayo. Ukukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye noqoqosho lwe-Potovoltaic amandla ombane akhokelela ekunyukeni okungagungqiyo kubungakanani befotovoltaics ehlabathini naseChina kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2021, indawo ekwakho efakiweyo yeefotovoltaics ze-Photovlics ziya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-104.3 ukuya kwi-84.3.5Gw ukuya kwi-154GW ukuya kwi-307gw ukuya kwi-307gw, ukunyuka okungaphezu kwamaxesha angama-44. Ukongeza, i-China isandula ukufaka ii-akhawunti ze-fotovoltaic zomthamo ngaphezulu kwe-20% yehlabathi lonke elifakiweyo. Ngo-2021, i-China esandula ukufaka umthamo wefotovoltaic yi-53GW, inika ingxelo malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zehlabathi elisandula ukufakelwa. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ukusasazwa okuninzi kunye nokulingana kwezixhobo zokukhanya ukukhanya e-China, i-upstram ephucukileyo kunye ne-downkhaam, kunye nenkxaso eyomeleleyo yemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe. Ngeli xesha, i-China idlale indima enkulu kwifotovoltaic amandla, kwaye umthamo ofakiweyo ofakiweyo ubalekele ngaphantsi kwe-6.5%. xhuma kwi-36.14%.
Ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo olungentla, i-CPIA inike ingqikelelo yokufakelwa ngokufakwa kweefoto ze-photolvoltaic ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya kwi-2030 kwihlabathi liphela. Kuthelekelelwa ukuba phantsi kwemiqathango ethembekileyo kunye nezolondolozo, amandla ehlabathi asanda kwi-2030 aza kuba ngama-366 kwaye angama-315Gw ayokwenziwe nge-128gw., 105Gw. Apha ngezantsi siza kuxela imfuno ye-Polysilicicon esekwe kwinqanaba lokufaka isakhono esisandula kufakelwe unyaka nonyaka.
1.6. Uqikelelo lwe-Polysilicon yezicelo zefotovoltaic
Ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-2030, ngokusekwe kwimozulu ye-CPIA yehlabathi jikelele ekhulisa i-PV ikhulisa phantsi kwayo zombini ezi zinto zinethemba kunye nenqanaba le-POLSILICON zesicelo se-PV lingaxelwa kwangaphambili. Iiseli linyathelo eliphambili lokuqonda ukuguqulwa kwefoto: Inani lamaqhekeza eekhilogrem nge-selicon rods kunye nee-ingots zinokubalwa ukusuka kwinani lekhilogrem kunye nesabelo sentengiso ye-silicon rods kunye ne-vots. Ke, ngokwabelana ngamandla kunye nesabelo sentengiso se-selicon ye-SILFER YAMABALI, Amandla esiSilico Wimbers anokufunyanwa, kwaye emva koko inani elifunekayo le-Silicon Afer linokuqikelelwa ngokobuninzi befotovoltaic. Okulandelayo, ubunzima beentonga ze-silicon eziyimfuneko kunye nee-ingoos zinokufunyanwa ngokobudlelwane bexeshana phakathi kwenani le-silicon ye-sefers kunye nenani le-silicon rods kunye neekhilogramu ze-silicom. Ukudityaniswa kwe-Silicon ye-Silicon ye-Silicon Rods / I-Silicon Ingots, imfuno ye-Polysilicon ye-Polysilicon yomthamo osanda kufumaneka. Ngokweziphumo zemozulu, imfuno yehlabathi ye-Polysilicicon yefoto entsha kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo iya kuqhubeka nokuphakama, inyibilikiswe ngo-2027, kwaye incitshiswe kancinane kule minyaka mithathu izayo. Kuthelekelelwa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezinobuchule kunye nezolondolozo ngo-2025, imfuno yonyaka yehlabathi ye-Polysilicicic ye-Polivoltaic iya kuba yi-1,108,800 yeetoni nge-pulsililicon yezicelo ezingama-20 30,82,800 phantsi kweetoni ezinobulungisa nezolondolozo. , Iitoni ezingama-896,900. Ngokuka-ChinaInxalenye ye-Platevoltaic yehlabathi elifakiweyo,Ibango lika-China le-Polysilicicon yefotovoltaic isetyenziswe ngo-2025kulindeleke ukuba ibe ziitoni ezingama-369,600 kunye neetoni ezingama-302,600 ngokwahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezinobuchule kunye nezolondolozo, kunye neetoni ezingama-739,300 phesheya ngokwahlukeneyo.
2, I-Semiconductor Eyokugqibela: Isikali sincinci kakhulu kunemfuno kwintsimi yefotovoltaic, kunye nokukhula kwexesha elizayo
Ukongeza ekwenzeni iiseli zefotovoltaic, iPolysililicon inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziluhlaza zokwenza i-chips kwaye isetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-semicondo yase semicondo, enokwenziwa kwimveliso ye-Imicosuctor, enonxibelelwano nge-elektroniki, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya kunye nezinye izinto. Inkqubo evela ePolysilicicon kwi-chip ihlulekile ngamanyathelo amathathu. Okokuqala, i-polsililicon itsalwa kwi-monocrystalline ye-silicol, emva koko inqunyulwe kwii-wafrican ze-silicon. I-SISilicon I-WEBS iveliswa ngothotho lokugaya, i-charferfeng kunye nemisebenzi yokuphola. , ezizinto ezisisiseko zomzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor. Okokugqibela, i-Silicon wafer inqunyulwe kwaye i-laser ikhutshwe kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zesekethe ukwenza iimveliso ze-chip ezineempawu ezithile. I-ricicon ye-Silicon ye-Silicon ikakhulu ibandakanya ii-wafsher ezifihlakeleyo, i-epitaxial wafr kunye ne-soi ye-soi. I-will efihliweyo yindawo yokuvelisa i-chip eneflethi ephezulu efunyenwe ngokupheliswa kwe-silicon ye-silicon ukuze isuse kumphezulu owonakalisiweyo kumphezulu, onokuthi usetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo ukwenza i-chips, i-epitaxial wafshes kunye ne-soi silicon ye-sefic. I-epitaial wafshers ifunyanwa ngokukhula kwe-pitatial ye-wafshes, ngelixa i-soi sificon ye-Wilicon ifakwe kwi-Boing okanye i-ion yokuThutyulwa kweMihlaba ePhakamileyo, kwaye inkqubo yokulungiselela inzima.
Ngemfuno ye-Polysilicicon kwicala le-semicondcuctor kwi-2021, idityaniswa ne-Arhente ye-Arhente yenqanaba lokukhula kwe-semicondcuctor kwiminyaka engama-2022 ukuya kwi-2025 ingaqikelelwa. Ngo-2021, i-Polysilican ye-Polysilicon ye-Polysilicon ye-elektroniki iya kunika ingxelo malunga ne-6% yemveliso yePolysilicon, kunye ne-polysilicicon ye-polysilicicon kunye ne-Granular Silicon iya kuphendula malunga ne-94%. Uninzi lwe-polysilicicon ye-elektroniki lisetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-semicondcuctor, kwaye enye iPolysilicon isetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kwiStonevoltaic. . Ke ngoko, inokuthathwa ukuba isixa se-polsililicon esisetyenziswa kwiShishini le-Semiconductor ngo-2021 limalunga ne-37,000 yeetoni. Ukongeza, ngokomgangatho wokukhula kwixesha elizayo womzi mveliso we-semiconductor olwenzileyo, imfuno ye-Polysilicicon ye-82%, imfuno ye-Polysilicicon kwicandelo le-semicondcuctor iya kuba malunga ne-51 500 yeetoni. (Ingxelo yeNgxelo: I-Tank yekamva)
3, IPolysilicicicon yokungenisa kwelinye ilizwe: Ukungenisa elizweni ingaphezulu kwamanye amazwe, kunye ne-akhawunti yeJamani kunye ne-malaysia yenani eliphezulu
Ngo-2021, malunga ne-18.63% ye-China 'ye-Pilysilicicon ye-china' iya kuza evela ngaphakathi, kwaye isikali seminye amazwe igqitha kude kakhulu. Ukusukela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2021, indlela yokungenisa kunye ne-Polysililicon ilawulwa yintswelo-mali, enokubangelwa yimfuno eqinileyo ye-Polivoltaic equlenqe ngokukhawuleza kwi-94% yemfuno engaphezulu kwe-94 yeemfuno. Ukongeza, iNkampani ayikayifumani iTekhnoloji yemveliso ye-Polysilication ephezulu ye-Eclysilication, ke yona iPolysilicon efunwa lishishini lesekethe elihlanganisiweyo lisafuna ukuxhomekeka ngaphakathi. Ngokwedatha yesebe leSilika, i-volumu yokungenisa iqhubekile ukwehla ngo-2019 kunye ne-2020. Kwangelo xesha, i-OCE, esuka kwi-Town, enjengee-Polysilicon Ishishini elifanelekileyo Ukulahleka, ngoko ke ukumiselwa kwe-polysilicicon kuthoba kakhulu; Nangona umthamo wokuvelisa awonyuswanga ngo-2020, ifuthe lobhubhane likhokelele ekulibaziseni kulwakhiwo lweeprojekthi zefotovoltaic, kwaye inani lee-odolo ze-Polysilicon zinciphile ngexesha elinye. Ngo-2021, imarike yaseChina ye-China ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwePolysililicon kuya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-613,000, uqhuba ivolumu yokungenisa kwakhona. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, i-China ye-Pelysilicon ye-Pelysilicon iphakathi kwe-90,000 ne-140,000 yeetoni, i-Tones ye-Polysilicicon ye-chinaticon iya kuhlala ijikeleze i-100,000 i-chinered ngonyaka ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya kwi-2025.
I-Polysilican yaseTshayina ikakhulu ivela eJamani, eMalaysia, iJapan, i-Chinays, i-China, i-26% ye-chinasen ivela kwi-chiney, i-26% ye-chinases, ivela eJapan, kunye ne-6% ukusuka eTaiwan. IJamani ingumnikazi we-Polysilicon ye-Polysilicon ye-Polysilicon, ngowona mthombo mkhulu we-Polysilicicon, i-accounting ye-12.7% yemveliso yemveliso yehlabathi ngonyaka ka-2021; I-Malaysia inenani elikhulu lemveliso yePolysilicon kwinkampani ye-Ocia yase-Korea, evela kwi-Malaysia ye-Malaysia yeTokuyama, inkampani yaseJapan efunyenwe ngu-Oci. Kukho iifektri kunye nezomveliso ezithile zika-Oci ukusuka eSouth Korea ukuya eMalaysia. Isizathu sokufudukela kweMalaysia sinika indawo yasimahla yefektri kunye neendleko zombane sisiqingatha sesithathu kuneso saseMzantsi Korea; IJapan neTaiwan, i-China ine-tokuyama, ifumane nezinye iinkampani, ezihlala isabelo esikhulu semveliso yePolysilicon. Indawo. Ngo-2021, iziphumo zePolysilicicon ziya kuba ziitoni ezingama-492,000, ezinokufakelwa imfuno yefonti yefoto kunye neetoni ezingama-1,5,400 kunye neetoni ezili-1,5,100 eziya kusetyenziselwa ukuqhubela phambili. Kwikhonkco eliphantsi le-polysilicicon, ii-silicon ze-silicon, iiseli kunye neemodyuli zithunyelwa ngaphandle, phakathi kweemodyuli zemodyuli zibalasele kakhulu. Ngo-2021, 4.64 bhiliyoni yezigidi zee-silicon kunye nee-3.2 zeebhiliyoni zeefotovoltaic zenzekileithunyelwe kwelinye ilizweUkusuka eTshayina, ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-22.6GW iyonke i-22.6GW kunye ne-10.3Gw ngokulandelelana, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwemodyuli zefotovoltaic, kunye neemodyuli zefotovoltaic yi-98.5gw, kunye nempahla embalwa kakhulu. Ngokumalunga nokwenziwa kwexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwemodyuli kwi-2021 kuya kufikelela kwi-US $ 24.61 bhiliyoni, i-Accounting ye-86%, ilandelwe yi-silicon ye-silic kunye neebhetri. Ngo-2021, imveliso yehlabathi ye-silicon ye-selicon ye-sefirs, iiseli zefotovoltaic, kunye neemodyuli zefotovoltaic ziya kufikelela kwi-97.3%, 85.1%, kunye ne-82.3%, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kulindelwe ukuba ishishini le-jikivoltaic yehlabathi liza kuqhubeka nokugxila eChina kule minyaka mithathu izayo, kwaye iziphumo kunye nomthamo wokuthengiswa kunye nekhonkco ngalinye ziya kubonakala. Ke ngoko, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya ku-2025, isixa sePolysilicon esisetyenziselwa ukuqhubekeka nokuvelisa iimveliso ezisezantsi kwaye zathumela kwelinye ilizwe kuya kwanda. Kuqikelelwa ngokukhupha imveliso yaphesheya kwiindawo zaphesheya kwePolysilicicon. Ngowama-2025, iPolysilicon iveliswe ngokuqhubekeka kwiimveliso ezisezantsi ezikhathini ziya kuqikelelwa ekuthumezwe i-583,000 yeetoni kumazwe angaphandle avela eTshayina
4, Isishwankathelo kunye nembono
Ibango lase-Polysilicon ye-jielsilicon ligxile ikakhulu kwintsimi yefotovoltaic, kwaye imfuno kwintsimi ye-semicondcuctor ingengomyalelo wobukhulu. Ibango le-Polysilicon liqhutywa ngokufakwa kwefotovoltaic, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe idluliselwa kwi-Polysilicicon ngekhonkco lemodyuli yeFotovoltaic-Iseli-yeseli. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokwandiswa komthamo ofake umthamo wehlabathi, ibango le-Polysilicon ngokubanzi linethemba. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-China kunye phesheya kwi-PV esandula ukunyusa imfuno ye-Polysilicicon ngonyaka wama-2025. Ngo-2021, i-Polysilicon ye-jikile kunye nemfuno iya kuqina, imphumo kumaxabiso aphezulu ePolysilicon jikelele. Le meko inokuqhubeka de kube ngu-2022, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iguqukele kwinqanaba lokubonelelwa okukhululekileyo emva kwe-2023. Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2023. Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo wokwanda okungaphezulu kwesiqingatha kubangele ukukhutshwa komthamo wemveliso ekupheleni kwe-2021 nangama-2024% kwi-2021% ye-12,000 yeetoni. Kuxelwe kwangaphambili ukuba ngonyaka wama-2022, phantsi kweemeko ezithembakeleyo kunye nezolondolozo zefotvoltaic umthamo ofakiweyo, ukuhambisa kunye ne-GAX SPAN ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye zonke iitoni ziya kuba kwimeko emfutshane. Ngowama-2023 nangaphaya, iiprojekthi ezintsha ezaqalisa ukwakha ekupheleni kuka-2021 kwaye ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-2022 ziya kuqala ukuvelisa kwaye zifezekise i-ramp-up ekwenzeni amandla emveliso. Ubonelelo kunye nemfuno ziya kukhululeka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye amaxabiso aphantsi koxinzelelo lwasezantsi. Xa kulandelwa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwifuthe lemfazwe yaseRussia kwipateni yamandla ehlabathi, enokuthi iguqule isicwangciso sehlabathi, esiya kuchaphazela imfuno yePolysilicon.
(Eli nqaku libhekiswa kuphela ngabathengi 'kwii-Urbanines' kwaye ayimelani naziphi na iingcebiso zotyalo-mali)