Ngolwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla amatsha njengeebhetri ze-lithium manganate, izixhobo eziqinisekileyo zeManganese zitsalele ingqalelo enkulu. Ngokusekwe kwidatha efanelekileyo, iSebe loPhando lweMarike yeeBhknoloji ye-UrbanMine. CO.
I-1. Isiphelo seManganese: Isiphelo se-Ore sixhomekeke kungeniso, kwaye amandla omveliso weemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo igxilwe kakhulu.
1.1 I-Manganese Shicing Can
Iimveliso zeManganese zityebile ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu zisetyenziswa kwimveliso yentsimbi, kwaye zinokubakho okukhulu kwebhetri. Intsimbi ye-manganese inyibiliki emhlophe, inzima nebrittle. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengeDeoxizer, i-disfurizer kunye neNdawo yokwabelana ngeNkqubo yokuKhweba i-Steeel. I-Silicon-manganese alloy, i-cirbon ye-carronton ephantsi kunye ne-firbon ephezulu yecarrontonganese yeyona mveliso iphambili yabathengi baseManganese. Ukongeza, i-manganese ikwasetyenziswa kwimveliso yezixhobo ze-genary ye-gethiry ye-gethiry ye-gethi kunye ne-lithium mangade, eziziindawo ezinokukhula okukhulu. I-manganese ore isetyenziswa ikakhulu nge-manganese ye-metlidulical kunye ne-manganese yemichiza. 1) I-Upstream: ore imigodi kunye nokunxiba. Iindidi ze-manganese ore zibandakanya i-manganese oxide, i-manganese carbonate ore, njl. Iimveliso ezinjengeManganese Dioxide, i-metallic manganese, i-Ferromangenese kunye neSilicooanese ziqhutywa ngokuncitshiswa kwe-sulfuric lead okanye ukuncitshiswa kweZiko loMoya. I-3) Izicelo ezikhathini: Izicelo ezinamazantsi e-Dowres zigubungela izabelo zentsimbi, ibhetri yebhetri, i-catalysts, amayeza kunye namanye amasimi.
1.2 I-Manganese Ore: Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophakathi zigxile phesheya, kwaye i-China ixhomekeke kwi-Extors
I-ores ye-jikelele i-ores igxilwe eMzantsi Afrika, i-China, e-Australia kunye neBrazil, nakwi-Chinase ye-Manganese Ore Vieves ehlabathini emhlabeni. Izixhobo ze-ore ze-manganese zehlabathi zininzi, kodwa azisasazwanga. Ngokutsho kwedatha yomoya, ukusukela ngoDisemba 2022, iindawo zokugcina ezomeleleyo zehlabathi zizi-1.7 zeebhiliyoni ezingama-1.7 ezigidi, i-37.6% eBrazil, i-15.9% e-Australia, kunye ne-8.2% e-Ukraine. Ngo-2022, eChina ka-China wase China I-China iya kuba ziitoni ezingama-280, i-accounting kwi-16,5% yehlabathi, kwaye oovimba bayo bayakuyisilisa yesibini emhlabeni.
Amabakala ee-ore ze-ore ze-manganese jikelele ze-ore ze-ore ves zahluka kakhulu, kwaye ubutyebi obuphezulu bujolise phesheya. I-ores etyebileyo ye-manganese (equlethe ngaphezulu kwe-30% ye-manganese) igxilwe eMzantsi Afrika, Gabon, eOstreliya naseBrazil. Inqanaba le-manganese ore liphakathi kwe-40-50%, kunye neakhawunti ye-of elondoloziweyo ngaphezulu kwe-70% yoovimba behlabathi. I-China neUkraine ikakhulu zixhomekeke kwizibonelelo ze-ore zenqanaba eliphantsi. Ikakhulu ikakhulu, umxholo we-manganese ngokubanzi ungaphantsi kwe-30%, kwaye kufuneka iqhubekeke ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe.
Abavelisi abaphambili behlabathi baseManganese behlabathi bangama-Mzantsi Afrika, Gabon nase-Australia, kunye ne-akhawunti ye-China kwi-6%. Ngokutsho komoya, ukuveliswa kwe-Global Manganese kwi-2022 kuya kuba ziitoni ezingama-20 ezigidi, ukwehla kweminyaka eyi-0.5%, ngeeakhawunti zaphesheya ngaphezulu kwe-90%. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhutshwa koMzantsi Afrika, Gabhon nase-Australia zizigidi ezi-7,6, kunye neetoni ezi-3.3 ezizigidi ngokulandelelana. Imveliso ye-China I-China ye-China i-ore yi-990,000 yeetoni. Inika i-5% kuphela yemveliso yehlabathi.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-ore ye-manganese e-China akulingani, ikakhulu kugxile kwiGuangxi, Guiizhou kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokutsho "kophando kwizibonelelo ze-China ze-China Manganese Des kunye nemicimbi yeKreyini yeTyala yeChain" (Ren hui et al.), I-ores e-ores e-manganese ye-manganese i-ores kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-ores. NgokweCandelo loMphathiswa Wezendalo, i-China ye-China ye-China Manganese Ore ngo-2022 ziitoni ezingama-280 ezizigidi. Ingingqi eneyona ndawo iphakamileyo ye-manganese i-ore yiGuangxi, eneendawo ezigcinwe kwiitoni ezingama-120 ezigidi, i-accounting ye-43% yolondolozo lwelizwe; Kulandelwa nguGuizhou, kunye nolondolozo lweetoni ezingama-50 ezigidi, i-accounting ye-43% yolondolozo lwelizwe. I-18%.
Iidipozithi ze-Chinase ze-China zincinci ngokwamanqanaba nakwinqanaba eliphantsi. Zimbalwa iimigodi ezikhulu ze-manganese e-China, kwaye uninzi lwazo luphononongo. Ngokutsho "kophando kwizibonelelo ze-China Manganese Des kunye nemicimbi yeKreyini yeTyhishini" (Ren hui et al.), IBanga eliPhakathi le-Monganese e-China limalunga ne-22% yenqanaba eliphantsi. Phantse akukho zi-ores ezityebileyo ze-manganese ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe aphesheya, kunye ne-ores enamabanga aphantsi e-Lean ifuna ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela emva kokuphucula ibakala ngokuqhubekeka kwezimbiwa.
I-China ye-Manganese Ore yokungenisa elizweni imalunga ne-95%. Ngenxa yenqanaba eliphantsi le-China lase China Manganese, ukungcola okuphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu zokuhlala, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kulawulo lwemveliso yemigodi, i-China i-China ye-China ye-Manganese ibize unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwedatha evela kuPhando lweJoiologi yase-US, i-China ye-China i-China i-ore iye yancipha kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Imveliso ihlile kakhulu ukusuka ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2018 kwaye i-2021. Imveliso yonyaka ngoku imalunga ne-1 yezigidi zeetoni. I-China ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-manganese ore, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo okungaphandle kwe-95% kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Ngokwedatha yomoya, i-China ye-China Manganese Ore Imveliso iya kuba yi-990,000 yeetoni ngonyaka ezingama-2022, ngelixa izibonelelo ezingenileyo ziya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-29,89 ezizigidi, ngokungenisa i-96.8%.
1.3 I-Electrolytititititititititic ye-lenganese: Iiakhawunti ze-China i-98% yemveliso yehlabathi kunye nemveliso yemveliso igxilwe
Imveliso ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China igxilwe kumaphondo asembindini nasentshona. China's electrolytic manganese production is mainly concentrated in Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou, accounting for 31%, 21%, 20% and 12% respectively. Ngokweshishini lentsimbi, i-China ye-Eictrolytic ye-Eictrolytic ye-leanginese ye-98% yemveliso ye-elektroniki ye-electrolytic yehlabathi kwaye ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi weManganese.
Umzi-mveliso we-China we-China we-China we-China unesikhundla semveliso egxile kwimveliso, kunye ne-wingxia tianyuan manganese yeshishini lemveliso ye-33% yeyonke. Ngokutsho kweBaicuken yingfu, nge-2023, i-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ishukunyiswe i-2,455 yezigidi zeetoni. Iinkampani ezilishumi eziphambili ze-wingxia tianenuan manganese, i-Manganese Group, itekhnoloji ye-Tianxiong, njl.njl. Phakathi kwazo, ishishini laseNingxia Tianuean Manganese inamandla ngo-800,000 yeetoni, inika ingxelo nge-33% yendawo yeli lizwe.
Ichaphazeleka yimigaqo-nkqubo yeShishini kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwamandla,I-electrolytic manganeseImveliso inqabile kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokwazisa kweyona migaqo iphambili ye-China "Imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo ihambe isiphako, isantya sokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso siye saziswa, imiba enjengemveliso enjengemveliso enamanye amazwe inesidima, ikhutshiwe. NgoJulayi 2022, IKomiti eNkolo ekhethekileyo ye-China Ferroallony ikhuphe isicelo sokumisela umda kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa ngaphezulu kwe-60%. Ngo-2022, i-China ye-China ye-Eictrolytic Ikhutshiwe iwele kwiitoni ezingama-852,000 (ye-Yoy-34.7%). Ngo-Okthobha 22, i-electrolytic ye-electronetity yentsimbi ye-Innovation yoMbutho weMigodi ye-China iceba injongo yokuthintela yonke imveliso ngoFebruwari ukuya kuDisemba. NgoNovemba 22, i-electrolylitic ye-electronetic yentsimbi ye-Innovation yoMbutho weMigodi ye-China on Ring Ukuvuselela ukuba amashishini esiya kuqhubeka nokumisa imveliso kwaye ahlaziye imveliso ngama-60% amandla. Silindele ukuba iziphumo ze-leanganese ze-leanganese aziyi kunyuka kakhulu ngo-2023.
Ireyithi yokusebenza ihlala ijikeleze i-50%, kwaye izinga lokusebenza ziya kutshintsha kakhulu ngo-2022. Ichaphazeleka kwisicwangciso somanyano kwi-2022, iqondo lokusebenza le-China le-China liya kuqhubela phambili kakhulu kunyaka ongu-33.5%. Ukumiswa kwemveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwenziwa kwikota yokuqala engama-2022, kunye nexabiso lokusebenza ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi yayiyi-7% kuphela ne-10.5%. Emva kokuba umanyano lwabambe intlanganiso ekupheleni kukaJulayi, iifektri kwi-Alliance incitshisiwe okanye imisiwe kwimveliso, kunye namaxabiso okusebenza ngo-Agasti, ngoSeptemba nango-Okthobha babengaphantsi kwe-30%.
1.4 I-Manganese Dioxide: Iqhutywa yi-Lithium Manganate, ukukhula kwemveliso kukukhawulezisa kwaye ukuvelisa kugxilwe.
Iqhutywa yimfuno ye-Lithium ye-lithium manganate, e-ChinaI-encrolytic ye-encrolytic ye-dioxideImveliso yonyuke kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa yimfuno yezixhobo ze-lithium manganate, imfuno yeLithium Manganate Dioxide inyange kakhulu, kwaye ukuveliswa kwe-China kuye kwandiswa kamva. Ngokwe "Isishwankathelo esifutshane semveliso ye-Global Manganese Ore kunye ne-China yeMveliso ye-China kwi-2020" Inethiwekhi engenamsebenzi yensimbi, i-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-Chinanese i-2022 iya kuba ngama-268,000 iitoni.
Umthamo we-China we-China we-China we-Chinasetic ye-Dioxide ugxilwe eGuangxi, uHunan noGuizhou. I-China lelona phulo likhulu lehlabathi le-electrolytic diokside. Ngokwe-Huajing Institute yeZiko loPhando lweZimishino ze-Huaji, i-Chinactrolytic ye-Chinalsetic Dioxide ibalwe malunga ne-73% yemveliso yehlabathi ngo-2018. Ngokwe-Huajing Institute Repueration Institute, i-Guanganetic yeCungAnese ye-Cemioxide yeDioxide ibalwe i-74.4% yemveliso kazwelonke ngo-2020.
1.5 I-Manganese Sulfate: Ukuxhamla ekunyukeni komthamo webhetri kunye nokufumana amandla emveliso
I-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China i-China i-China ye-China i-akhawunti emalunga ne-66% yemveliso yehlabathi, kunye namandla emveliso agxile kwiGuangxi. NgokukaQyresearch, i-China ngoyena mveliso mkhulu emhlabeni kunye nomthengi we-manganese ye-manganese. Kwi-2021, i-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-China inikwe i-66% yehlabathi liphela; Iyonke intengiso ye-jifanese ye-Globase yeHlabathi yeHlabathi ye-Global ngo-2021 yayimalunga ne-550,000 yeetoni, kweliphi inqanaba le-manganese ye-manganese ye-manganese lizinto ezinokuba ngama-41%. Iyonke i-Sulfase Sulfase ye-Globase yeHlabathi yeHlabathi ye-Globase yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-1.54 yezigidi zeetoni kwi-2027, yeliphi i-manganese ye-manganese ye-manganese yebhetri malunga ne-73%. Ngokwe "Isishwankathelo esifutshane semveliso ye-Global Manganese Ore kunye ne-China I-China yeMveliso ye-China kwi-2020"
Ngokutsho kwe-baii aichfu, i-China ye-China ye-China ye-China ye-Manganese i-500,000 ye-500,000 ngo-2022. Umthamo wokuvelisa ugxilwe, i-CR3 ngama-60%, kwaye iziphumo ziitoni ezingama-278,000. Kulindelwe ukuba amandla okutsha kwemveliso aya kuba ngama-310,000 eetoni (i-tianuan manganese i-300,000 yeetoni + ze-Nanhai iitoti ze-thns).
2. Imfuno ye-Manganese: Inkqubo yokukhuseleka iyakhawulezisa, kwaye igalelo lezixhobo ze-manganese-esekwe kwi-Manganese ziyanda.
2.1 Ibango lemveli: I-90% intsimbi, kulindeleke ukuba ihlale izinzile
Ishishini lensimbi le-90% yebango le-Dowream le-manganese ore, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuyanda. Ngokwe "I-Imni yeQonga leNkomfa (2022)", iManganese Ore isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwishishini lentsimbi, ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-manganese alloy kunye ne-manganese ore esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yezinye iimveliso. Ngokutsho kwe-Baicuken yingfu, amashishini asezantsi kwe-manganese ore yi-manganese alloys, i-elektrolytity manganese, kunye ne-manganese imiqatha. Phakathi kwabo, i-60% -80% ye-ores ye-manganese isetyenziselwa ukwenza izabelo ze-manganese (ngentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, kwaye i-20% ye-ores manganese isetyenziswa kwimveliso. I-electrolytititititititititity ye-leanganese (esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa intsimbi engenasitali, izabelo, njl.njl.
I-Manganese yentsimbi ebomvu yentsimbi: Imfuno yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe ziitoni ezingama-20.66 zeetoni kwiminyaka engama-25. Ngokutsho kombutho we-manganese jikelele, i-manganese isetyenziswa njenge-DeleFurizer kunye ne-Alety Altive kwifom ephezulu yecarbon, i-carbon okanye i-carbon ephantsi okanye i-inshurensi ephantsi okanye i-manganese ye-incan-manganese kunye ne-silicon ngenkqubo yemveliso ye-crade. Inokuthintela i-oxidation egqithisileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca kwaye kuthintele ukuqhekeza kwaye ubuchwephesha. Iphucula amandla, ubunzima, ubukhali kunye nokwenziwa kwentsimbi. Umxholo we-manganese wensimbi ekhethekileyo iphakamile kunelo yensimbi yekhabhoni. Umxholo we-jithanese ye-manganese yensimbi yentsimbi kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-1.1%. Ukuqala ukusuka kwi-2021, iKhomishini yeSizwe yoPhuculo kunye namanye amasebe aya kuphumeza umsebenzi wokunciphisa i-Crade yeSizwe seSizwe, kwaye uya kuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa umthambo wentsimbi engu-2022, ngeziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-2022, imveliso yensizi ye-crade ye-crade ye-crade iya kuhla ukusuka kwi-1.065 yezigidi zeetoni ukuya kwi-1.013 yeetoni. Kulindeleke ukuba kwi-China elizayo kunye nemveliso yentsimbi ebomvu yehlabathi ihlala ingaguqukanga.
2.2 I-CEBT IXABISO: Igalelo le-Manganese le-Manganese
I-Lithium Manganese Bitees ye-OXAXIDS isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimakethi yedijithali, imarike yamandla amancinci kunye nentengiso yemoto yabahambi. Banentsebenzo yokhuseleko oluphakamileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa banoxinano lwamandla ahluphekayo kunye nokusebenza komjikelo. Ngokutsho kweNgcaciso yeXinchen, Chinium ye-Lithium ye-Lithium Manganate ye-Canode yeZilwanyana ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2021 yayiyi-7.5 / 9,000 yeetoni ngo-2022,000 ngoonondoqo lwexabiso le-Instream Pilbonate. Amaxabiso anyukayo kunye nokulindelwa kokusetyenziswa kwesilayidi.
I-Manganese yebhetri ye-LIETODS: Ibango lehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe ziitoni ezingama-229,000 ngo-2025, ilingana neetoni ze-manganese dioknese ye-manganese. I-Manganese isetyenziswe njengempahla ye-thehode ye-Lithium ye-Lithium yeLithium ye-manganese yeebhetri kunye ne-manganese ye-lithium ye-lithium manganate. Ngokukhula kweebhetri zebhetri kwixa elizayo, siqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-manganese yehlabathi ngeebhetri zamandla e-ternary kuya kwandiswa ukusuka kuma-61,000 ukuya kuma-61,000 kwi-22-25. Iitoni zanyhwe iitoni ezingama-92,000, kwaye imfuno ehambelana ne-manganese ye-manganese inyuke ukusuka kwi-186,000 yeetoni ukuya kwi-284,000 yeetoni (umthombo we-manganese (umthombo we-manganese webhetri ye-manganese); Ukuqhutywa kukukhula kwemfuno yezithuthi ezinamavili amabini, ngolwazi lwe-xinchen kunye ne-Toshium ye-Teblenese ye-Tech ye-Tech Athodene, kunye ne-manganese ye-Manganese ye-Innoxier ye-Inhoden ye-Lithium mangade I-Manganese Dioxide).
Imithombo ye-manganese inezinto eziluncedo kwezixhobo ezityebileyo, amaxabiso asezantsi, kunye neeVollage eziPhakamileyo zeZinto ezisekelezwe kwiManganese. Njengokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nenkqubo yayo yokuqhubela phambili kwezomzi mveliso, iifektri zebhetri ezinje ngeTssa, i-BOD, i-Teoxuan, i-guoxuan, i-goctuan ephezulu iqalile ukuhambisa izinto ezinxulumene ne-Mangade. Imveliso.
Inkqubo yokuphuculwa kwezomziselo ye-lithium ye-lithium ye-inyibilika i-phosphate i-phosphate kulindeleke ukuba ikhawuleziswe. 1) Ukudibanisa izibonelelo ze-lithium ze-lithium ye-iron i-phosphate kunye neebhetri zeerhritary, inowokhuseleko kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla. Ngokutsho kwenethiwekhi ye-shanghai, i-lithium ye-Inyibium yase-Inyibinase i-phosphate yinguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo ye-lithium ye-lithium phosphate. Ukongeza into ye-manganese inokunyusa i-voltage yebhetri. Ukuxinana kwamandla ayo yi-15% ephezulu kuneyona nto ye-lithium ye-iron i-phosphate, kwaye inozinzo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Itoni enye ye-iron manganese phosphate phosphate umxholo we-lethim manganese une-13%. 2) Inkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji: Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-manganese into ye-manganese, i-Lithium inyibiliki ye-phosphatele ineengxaki zokuziphatha kakuhle kwaye incitshisiwe ngobomi be-anotechnology, i-morphology, i-ion kunye nendawo yokuhlala. 3) Ikhasi leShishini: Iinkampani zebhetri ezinje nge-Catl, i-China i-China i-China yokuHlanganisa, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, ilanga, njl. Iinkampani zase-Cathode ezinje nge-Caping Nano, itekhnoloji yeRongbai, itekhnoloji ye-dangsheng, njl. njl. Iimoto zombane ezixhotyiswe nge-In Lithiase Posphate I-It Gesphate I-Tomeri I-Itl phosty yebhetri ye-M3p lithium ye-M3p lithium.
I-Manganese ye-Lithium ye-Inyibium I-Iphonese phosphate i-Chosphate ye-Choshote ye-Choshote: Ukucinga ngokungathathi hlangothi kunye ne-Global Cholomenti i-In-phosphate i-phosphate phosphate phosphate phosphate i-25,000 / 47,000 yeetoni.
Ngokutsho kwe-gaogong lithium yebhetri, nge-2025, inqanaba lentengiso lokungena kwi-Inyibium ye-Inyibin manganese phosphate phosphate ye-phosphate ye-In Iron ithelekiswa nezixhobo ze-Inyibium. Therefore, assuming neutral and optimistic conditions, the penetration rates of lithium iron manganese phosphate in 23-25 years are respectively 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Imakethi yeemoto ezimbini ezinamavili: Silindele i-LITIUS I-ILINIM I-I-I-LITHANEAS I-POSPETESE I-POSPERSATE YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA KWI-CHONIT YENDLELA YOKUZIPHATHA KAKHULU. Amazwe aphesheya akasayi kuqwalaselwa ngenxa yokungakhathali ngeendleko kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zoxinano. Kulindelwe ukuba phantsi kwemeko ezingathathi hlangothi nenethemba le-25, i-Lithium I-In I-In I-In I-In Gosphate i-Cathodes yi-1,1 / i-manganese i-0.1 / 0,2 yezigidi zeetoni. Imakethi yeemoto zombane: Ukuthatha ukuba i-Lithium I-I-Lithium Manganese Phosphate i-Inyibilimu ye-LITNBAI, isetyenziswa ukuba i-raties ye-rangbai i-phosnase i-phosphate i-phosphate ye-phosphate i-257,000 yeetoni, kwaye Ibango elihambelana ne-manganese ziitoni ezingama-33,000 / ezingama-45,000.
Okwangoku, amaxabiso e-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, kunye ne-electrolytic manganese kwinqanaba eliphantsi lembali, kwaye ixabiso le-manganese diokside likwinqanaba eliphezulu kwimbali. Ngo-2021, ngenxa yolawulo lokusebenzisana kwamandla amabini kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla, umbutho unqunyanyisiwe ngokudibeneyo, kwaye i-manganese inyuke kakhulu, iqhuba amaxabiso e-manganese, kunye ne-lengrolytic manganese ukuze anyuke. Emva kweminyaka engama-2022, imfuno esezantsi ye-ofisi yenze buthathaka, kwaye ixabiso le-elektrolytic inqabile, ngelixa ixabiso leDioknese ye-electrose inqabile. KwiManganese, i-Manganese Sulfate, njl. Njl. Kwixesha elide, ibango elikhanyayo le-Dowream ikakhulu le-manganese sulfate kunye ne-manganese diokside kwiibhetri. Ukuxhamla kumthamo owongeziweyo wezinto ezikhoyo ze-mangadese, iziko lexabiso kulindeleke ukuba liye phezulu.