Ngokuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla amatsha njengeebhetri ze-lithium manganate, izixhobo zabo ezisekelwe kwimanganese zitsale umdla omkhulu. Ngokusekwe kwidatha efanelekileyo, isebe lophando lwemarike ye-UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. yashwankathela ubume bophuhliso lweshishini lemanganese laseTshayina ukuze kusetyenziswe abathengi bethu.
1. Unikezelo lweManganese: Isiphelo sentsimbi sixhomekeke ekuthengisweni kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye umthamo wemveliso yeemveliso ezicutshungulwayo ugxininiswe kakhulu.
1.1 Ikhonkco loshishino lweManganese
Iimveliso zeManganese zizityebi kwiindidi, ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yentsimbi, kwaye zinamandla amakhulu ekwenziweni kweebhetri. Isinyithi seManganese simhlophe ngokwesilivere, siqinile kwaye siyaphuka. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-deoxidizer, i-desulfurizer kunye ne-alloying element kwinkqubo yokwenza intsimbi. I-silicon-manganese alloy, i-medium-low-low carbon ferromanganese kunye ne-high-carbon ferromanganese zezona mveliso ziphambili zabathengi be-manganese. Ukongeza, i-manganese iphinda isetyenziswe kwimveliso yezinto ze-ternary cathode kunye ne-lithium manganate cathode izinto, eziyindawo yesicelo enekhono elikhulu lokukhula kwexesha elizayo. I-Manganese ore isetyenziswa ikakhulu nge-metallurgical manganese kunye neekhemikhali zemanganese. 1) Emantla: Ukwembiwa kwentsimbi kunye nokunxiba. Iindidi ze-Manganese ore ziquka i-manganese oxide ore, i-manganese carbonate ore, njl. 2) Ukusetyenzwa kwe-Midstream: Inokwahlulwa ibe yimigaqo emibini emikhulu: indlela yobunjineli beekhemikhali kunye nendlela ye-metallurgical. Iimveliso ezifana ne-manganese dioxide, i-metallic manganese, i-ferromanganese kunye ne-silicomanganese zicutshungulwa nge-sulfuric acid leaching okanye ukunciphisa isithando sombane. I-3) Izicelo ezisezantsi: Izicelo ezisezantsi zigubungela i-alloys yensimbi, i-cathodes yebhetri, i-catalysts, iyeza kunye nezinye iindawo.
1.2 Intsimbi ekrwada yeManganese: izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zigxininiswe phesheya kolwandle, kwaye iTshayina ixhomekeke ekungenweni kwamanye amazwe.
Intsimbi ekrwada yemanganese yehlabathi igxile eMzantsi Afrika, eChina, eOstreliya naseBrazil, kwaye oovimba baseTshayina bakwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi. Imithombo ye-manganese yehlabathi jikelele ininzi, kodwa asasazwanga ngokulinganayo. Ngokweenkcukacha zomoya, ukusukela ngoDisemba ka-2022, oovimba behlabathi be-manganese ore baqinisekisiweyo yi-1.7 yebhiliyoni yeetoni, i-37.6% yabo ifumaneka eMzantsi Afrika, i-15.9% eBrazil, i-15.9% e-Australia, kunye ne-8.2% e-Ukraine. Ngo-2022, iindawo zokugcina i-ore ye-manganese yase-China ziya kuba yi-280 yezigidi zeetoni, zibalelwa kwi-16.5% ye-world world, kwaye oovimba bayo baya kuba kwindawo yesibini emhlabeni.
Amabanga obutyebi behlabathi be-manganese ore ahluka kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zixinaniswe phesheya kolwandle. Intsimbi ekrwada etyebileyo yeManganese (equlathe ngaphezulu kwe 30% yemanganese) igxile eMzantsi Afrika, eGabon, eOstreliya naseBrazil. Ibakala le-manganese ore liphakathi kwama-40-50%, kwaye oovimba bathatha ngaphezu kwe-70% yoovimba behlabathi. I-China ne-Ukraine ikakhulu zixhomekeke kwimithombo ye-ore ye-manganese ekumgangatho ophantsi. Ubukhulu becala, umxholo wemanganese ungaphantsi kwe-30%, kwaye kufuneka uqwalaselwe phambi kokuba usetyenziswe.
Abona bavelisi abakhulu bemanganese ore ehlabathini nguMzantsi Afrika, iGabon kunye neAustralia, iChina ithatha i-6%. Ngokomoya, imveliso ye-manganese yehlabathi jikelele ngo-2022 iya kuba yi-20 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka nge-0.5%, kunye nee-akhawunti zaphesheya ezingaphezulu kwe-90%. Phakathi kwabo, imveliso yaseMzantsi Afrika, iGabon ne-Australia yi-7.2 yezigidi, i-4.6 yezigidi kunye ne-3.3 yezigidi zeetoni ngokulandelanayo. Imveliso ye manganese ore yase China yi 990,000 yeetoni. Ibalelwa kwi-5% kuphela yemveliso yehlabathi.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-manganese ore e-China ayilingani, ikakhulu igxininiswe eGuangxi, eGuizhou nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokutsho “kuPhando lweMicimbi yeManganese Ore yaseTshayina kunye neMiba yoKhuseleko lwe-Industrial Chain” (Ren Hui et al.), intsimbi ye-manganese yaseTshayina ubukhulu becala ziintsimbi ze-manganese carbonate, ezinemilinganiselo emincinci yeentsimbi ze-manganese oxide kunye nezinye iintlobo zentsimbi. Ngokutsho koMphathiswa weMithombo yeNdalo, oovimba bobutyebi be-manganese ore eTshayina ngo-2022 ziziitoni ezingama-280 ezigidi. Ummandla ongowona vimba uphezulu wemanganese ore yiGuangxi, enovimba we-120 lezigidi zeetoni, ezibalelwa kuma-43% oovimba belizwe; ilandelwa yiGuizhou, eneendawo zokugcina iitoni ezingama-50 ezigidi, ezithatha i-43% yoovimba belizwe. 18%.
Iidiphozithi zemanganese zaseTshayina zincinci ngokwezinga kwaye zikwibakala eliphantsi. Zimbalwa imigodi yemanganese eTshayina, kwaye uninzi lwayo lutyebileyo. Ngokutsho "koPhando kwi-China ye-Manganese Ore Resources kunye ne-Industrial Chain Security Issues" (uRen Hui et al.), umyinge webakala le-manganese ore e-China malunga ne-22%, ibakala eliphantsi. Phantse akukho manganese ore ezityebileyo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye ne-low-grade lean ores ifuna Inokusetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuphucula ibakala ngokulungiswa kwezimbiwa.
Ukuxhomekeka kwe-ore ye-manganese yaseTshayina malunga ne-95%. Ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wemithombo yentsimbi ye manganese yase China, ukungcola okuphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu zemigodi, kunye nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwishishini lemigodi, imveliso ye manganese ore yase China iye yancipha unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-US Geological Survey, imveliso ye-ore ye-manganese yaseTshayina iye yehla kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo. Imveliso yehla kakhulu ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2018 kunye ne-2021. Imveliso yangoku yonyaka imalunga ne-1 yezigidi zeetoni. I-China ithembele kakhulu ekuthengeni ngaphandle kwe-manganese ore, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo ngaphandle bekungaphezulu kwama-95% kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Ngokweenkcukacha zomoya, imveliso ye manganese ore yase China iya kuba yi 990,000 yeetoni ngo-2022, ngelixa ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kufikelela kwi-29.89 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe ukuya kuma-96.8%.
1.3 I-electrolytic manganese: I-China yenza i-98% yemveliso yehlabathi kunye nomthamo wemveliso ugxininiswe
Imveliso yemanganese ye-electrolytic yaseChina igxininiswe kumaphondo asembindi nasentshona. Imveliso yemanganese ye-electrolytic yaseChina igxile kakhulu eNingxia, eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou, ethatha i-31%, i-21%, i-20% kunye ne-12% ngokulandelelanayo. NgokoShishino lweNsimbi, imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese yaseChina yenza i-98% yemveliso ye-electrolytic manganese yehlabathi kwaye ingoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi we-electrolytic manganese.
Umzi-mveliso we-electrolytic manganese wase-China ugxininise umthamo wemveliso, kunye ne-Ningxia Tianyuan Imveliso yeManganese ye-Manganese ithatha i-33% yelizwe lilonke. Ngokuka-Baichuan Yingfu, ukusukela ngoJuni ka-2023, umthamo we-electrolytic manganese waseTshayina uphelele kwi-2.455 yezigidi zeetoni. Ezona nkampani zilishumi ziphezulu yiNingxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, njl.njl., ezinomthamo wemveliso we-1.71 yezigidi zeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-70 yemveliso yelizwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry inomthamo wonyaka wemveliso yeetoni ezingama-800,000, ebalwa kwi-33% yelizwe lonke umthamo wemveliso.
Ichatshazelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yeshishini kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla,electrolytic manganeseimveliso yehlile kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuqaliswa kwenjongo yaseTshayina "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini", imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo iye yaqina, isantya sokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso siye sanyuka, amandla okuvelisa umva aphelisiwe, amandla okuvelisa amatsha alawulwa ngokungqongqo, kunye nezinto ezifana namandla. Izithintelo kwezinye iindawo zinemveliso encinci, imveliso ngo-2021 yehlile. NgoJulayi ka-2022, iKomiti yeManganese eKhethekileyo ye-China Ferroalloy Industry Association ikhuphe isindululo sokucutha nokunciphisa imveliso ngaphezulu kwe-60%. Ngo-2022, imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese yaseChina yawela kwiitoni ezingama-852,000 (yoy-34.7%). Ngo-Okthobha wama-22, i-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Working Committee ye-China Mining Association iphakamise injongo yokumisa yonke imveliso ngoJanuwari 2023 kunye ne-50% yemveliso ukusuka ngoFebruwari ukuya kuDisemba. Ngomhla wama-22 kuNovemba, iKomiti yokuSebenza ye-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation ye-China Mining Association yacebisa ukuba amashishini Siya kuqhubeka nokumisa imveliso kunye nokuphucula, kwaye siququzelele imveliso kwi-60% yomthamo wemveliso. Silindele ukuba imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese ayizukwanda kakhulu ngo-2023.
Izinga lokusebenza lihlala limalunga ne-50%, kwaye izinga lokusebenza liya kuguquguquka kakhulu ngo-2022. Ichatshazelwa sisicwangciso somdibaniso ngo-2022, izinga lokusebenza kweenkampani ze-electrolytic manganese zaseChina ziya kuguquguquka kakhulu, kunye ne-avareji yokusebenza yonyaka ibe yi-33.5% . Ukumiswa kwemveliso kunye nokuphucula kwenziwa kwikota yokuqala ye-2022, kunye namazinga okusebenza ngoFebruwari noMatshi kuphela i-7% kunye ne-10.5%. Emva kokuba umfelandawonye ubambe intlanganiso ekupheleni kukaJulayi, iifektri zomfelandawonye zicuthe okanye zanqumamisa imveliso, kwaye amazinga okusebenza ngo-Agasti, ngoSeptemba nango-Oktobha abengaphantsi kwama-30%.
1.4 I-Manganese dioxide: Iqhutywa yi-lithium manganate, ukukhula kwemveliso kukhawuleza kwaye amandla okuvelisa agxininiswe.
Iqhutywa yimfuno yemathiriyeli ye-lithium manganate, yaseTshayinai-electrolytic manganese dioxideimveliso iye yanda kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa yimfuno yezinto ze-lithium manganate, imfuno ye-lithium manganese ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide inyuke kakhulu, kwaye imveliso yaseTshayina iye yanda emva koko. Ngokuka "Ujongo olufutshane lweGlobal Manganese Ore kunye neChina yeMveliso yeManganese yeMveliso ngo-2020" (Qin Deliang), imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseTshayina ngo-2020 yayiziitoni ezingama-351,000, ukonyuka konyaka nge-14.3%. Ngo-2022, ezinye iinkampani ziyakumisa imveliso yolondolozo, kwaye imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide iya kuncipha. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseChina ngo-2022 iya kuba yi-268,000 yeetoni.
Umthamo wemveliso we-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseTshayina ugxile eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou. I-China lelona lizwe livelisa i-electrolytic manganese dioxide. Ngokutsho kweHuajing Industrial Research Institute, imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yase-China ibalelwe malunga ne-73% yemveliso yehlabathi ngo-2018. Imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yase-China igxininiswe kakhulu e-Guangxi, e-Hunan nase-Guizhou, kunye nemveliso ye-Guangxi ibalwa njengeyona nxalenye inkulu. NgokweZiko loPhando loShishino laseHuajing, imveliso ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseGuangxi ibalelwa kwi-74.4% yemveliso yelizwe ngo-2020.
1.5 I-Manganese sulfate: ukuxhamla ekwandisweni kwamandla ebhetri kunye nomthamo wemveliso ogxininisiweyo
Imveliso yemanganese sulfate yase China yenza malunga ne 66% yemveliso yehlabathi, umthamo wemveliso ugxile e Guangxi. Ngokutsho kwe-QYResearch, i-China lelona lizwe livelisa i-manganese sulfate kunye nomthengi omkhulu wehlabathi. Ngo-2021, imveliso ye-manganese sulfate yase-China yathatha malunga ne-66% iyonke yehlabathi; Iyonke intengiso ye-manganese sulfate yehlabathi ngo-2021 yayimalunga neetoni ezingama-550,000, apho i-manganese sulfate yomgangatho webhetri ibale malunga nama-41%. Iyonke intengiso ye-manganese sulfate yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibeyi-1.54 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2027, apho i-manganese sulfate yomgangatho webhetri ithatha malunga ne-73%. Ngokuka "Ujongo olufutshane lweGlobal Manganese Ore kunye neChina yeMveliso yeManganese yeMveliso ngo-2020" (Qin Deliang), imveliso yemanganese sulfate yaseTshayina ngo-2020 yayiziitoni ezingama-479,000, ikakhulu eGuangxi, ethatha i-31.7%.
Ngokutsho kwe-Baichuan Yingfu, i-China ye-high-purity manganese sulfate umthamo wonyaka wemveliso iya kuba yi-500,000 yeetoni ngo-2022. Umthamo wemveliso ugxininiswe, i-CR3 yi-60%, kwaye imveliso yi-278,000 yeetoni. Kulindeleke ukuba umthamo omtsha wokuvelisa uya kuba neetoni ezingama-310,000 (i-Tianyuan Manganese Industry 300,000 tons + Nanhai Chemical 10,000 tons).
2. Imfuno yemanganese: Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye igalelo lemathiriyeli ye-cathode esekwe kwimanganese liyakhula.
2.1 Imfuno yemveli: I-90% yintsimbi, kulindeleke ukuba ihlale izinzile
Ishishini lensimbi libalelwa kwi-90% yemfuno esezantsi ye-manganese ore, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwanda. NgokweNgxelo yoNyaka yeNkomfa ye-IMnI EPD (2022)”, intsimbi ye-manganese isetyenziswa ikakhulu kushishino lwentsimbi, ngaphezu kwe-90% yentsimbi ye-manganese isetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-silicon-manganese alloy kunye ne-manganese ferroalloy, kunye nentsimbi eseleyo ye-manganese. isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-electrolytic manganese dioxide kunye ne-manganese sulfate imveliso yezinye iimveliso. Ngokutsho kwe-Baichuan Yingfu, amashishini asezantsi e-manganese ore yi-manganese alloys, i-electrolytic manganese, kunye ne-manganese ikhompawundi. Phakathi kwabo, i-60% -80% ye-ores ye-manganese isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-alloys ye-manganese (yentsimbi kunye nokuphosa, njl.), kunye ne-20% ye-manganese ores isetyenziswa kwimveliso. I-electrolytic manganese (esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa insimbi engenasici, i-alloys, njl.), i-5-10% isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ze-manganese (ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ze-ternary, izinto zamagnetic, njl.
IManganese yentsimbi ekrwada: Imfuno yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibeyi-20.66 yezigidi zeetoni kwiminyaka engama-25. Ngokutsho kwe-International Manganese Association, i-manganese isetyenziswa njenge-desulfurizer kunye ne-alloy additive ngendlela ye-high-carbon, medium-carbon okanye i-low-carbon iron-manganese kunye ne-silicon-manganese ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa intsimbi ekrwada. Inokuthintela i-oxidation egqithisileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucokisa kwaye ugweme ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqina. Yongeza ukomelela, ukuqina, ukuqina kunye nokumila kwentsimbi. Umxholo we-manganese wensimbi ekhethekileyo uphezulu kuneye-carbon steel. Umyinge wehlabathi jikelele wemanganese umxholo wentsimbi ekrwada kulindeleke ukuba ube yi-1.1%. Ukususela ngo-2021, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo kunye namanye amasebe aya kuqhuba umsebenzi wesizwe wokunciphisa imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada, kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba umsebenzi wokunciphisa imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada ngo-2022, kunye neziphumo eziphawulekayo. Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2022, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yelizwe iya kuhla ukusuka kwi-1.065 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ukuya kwi-1.013 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni. Kulindeleke ukuba kwixesha elizayo iChina kunye nemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yehlabathi ihleli ingatshintshi.
2.2 Imfuno yebhetri: igalelo elongezelelweyo lemathiriyeli ye-cathode esekwe kwimanganese
Iibhetri zeLithium manganese oxide zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimarike yedijithali, imarike yamandla amancinci kunye nemarike yemoto yabakhweli. Banokusebenza okuphezulu kokhuseleko kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa banokuxinwa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza komjikelo. Ngokutsho kwe-Xinchen Information, i-lithium manganate cathode ye-lithium ye-cathode yokuthunyelwa kwempahla ukusuka kwi-2019 ukuya kwi-2021 yayiyi-7.5 / 9.1 / 102,000 yeetoni ngokulandelanayo, kunye neetoni ezingama-66,000 ngo-2022. Oku kungenxa yokuhla koqoqosho e-China ngo-2022 kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso eliqhubekayo. izinto lithium carbonate. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nolindelo losetyenziso olucothayo.
I-Manganese ye-lithium battery cathodes: Imfuno yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibeyi-229,000 yeetoni ngo-2025, ilingana ne-216,000 yeetoni ze-manganese dioxide kunye ne-284,000 yeetoni ze-manganese sulfate. IManganese esetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli yecathode yeebhetri ze-lithium yohlulwe ikakhulu kwi-manganese yeebhetri ze-ternary kunye ne-manganese yeebhetri ze-lithium manganeti. Ngokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwebhetri ye-ternary yamandla kwixesha elizayo, siqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-manganese yehlabathi kwiibhetri ze-ternary yamandla kuya kwanda ukusuka kuma-61,000 ukuya kuma-61,000 kwi-22-25. iitoni zonyuka zaya kutsho kwi-92,000 yeetoni, kwaye imfuno ehambelanayo ye-manganese sulfate inyuke ukusuka kwi-186,000 yeetoni ukuya kwi-284,000 yeetoni (umthombo we-manganese we-cathode yebhetri ye-ternary yi-manganese sulfate); iqhutywa kukukhula kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini, ngokutsho kweXinchen Information and Boshi Ngokutsho kwe-high-tech prospectus, ukuthunyelwa kwe-lithium manganate cathode yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-224,000 yeetoni kwiminyaka eyi-25, ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-manganese yeetoni ze-136,000, kunye nemfuno ehambelanayo ye-manganese dioxide yeetoni ezingama-216,000 (umthombo wemanganese we-lithium manganate cathode material yi-manganese dioxide) .
Imithombo yeManganese ineengenelo zobutyebi obutyebileyo, amaxabiso aphantsi, kunye neefestile zamandla ombane aphezulu wemathiriyeli esekwe kwimanganese. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nenkqubo yayo yoshishino ikhawuleza, iifektri zebhetri ezifana neTesla, BYD, CATL, kunye neGuoxuan High-tech sele iqalile ukuhambisa izinto ezinxulumene ne-manganese-based cathode. Imveliso.
Inkqubo yoshishino lwelithium iron manganese phosphate kulindeleke ukuba ikhawuleziswe. I-1) Ukudibanisa izibonelelo ze-lithium iron phosphate kunye neebhetri ze-ternary, inokhuseleko kunye nobuninzi bamandla. Ngokutsho kwe-Shanghai Nonferrous Network, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate yinguqulelo ephuculweyo ye-lithium iron phosphate. Ukongeza into yemanganese kunokonyusa amandla ebhetri. Uxinzelelo lwamandla olwazi luyi-15% ephezulu kune-lithium iron phosphate, kwaye inozinzo lwezinto. Itoni enye ye-iron manganese phosphate Umxholo we-lithium manganese yi-13%. 2) Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe: Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-manganese element, iibhetri ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate zineengxaki ezifana nokungahambi kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bomjikelezo, onokuthi uphuculwe nge-particle nanotechnology, i-morphology design, i-ion doping kunye ne-surface coating. 3) Ukukhawuleza kwenkqubo yoshishino: Iinkampani zebhetri ezifana neCATL, i-China Innovation Aviation, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, i-Sunwoda, njl. Zonke ziye zavelisa iibhetri ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate; iinkampani ze-cathode ezifana ne-Defang Nano, i-Rongbai Technology, i-Dangsheng Technology, njl. inkampani yemoto i-Niu GOVAF0 izithuthi zombane ze-lithium zixhotyiswe ngeebhetri ze-lithium zentsimbi ye-manganese ye-phosphate, i-NIO iqalise imveliso encinci ye-lithium yentsimbi ye-manganese ye-phosphate iibhetri e-Hefei, kunye ne-BYD's Fudi Battery iqalisile ukuthenga i-lithium iron manganese phosphate Materials: Tesla's domestic Model 3 facelift. isebenzisa ibhetri entsha ye-CATL ye-M3P ye-iron phosphate.
I-Manganese ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode: Ngaphantsi kweengqikelelo ezingathathi hlangothi kunye nethemba, imfuno yehlabathi ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode kulindeleke ukuba ibe yi-268,000/358,000 yeetoni kwiminyaka engama-25, kwaye imfuno yemanganese ehambelanayo yi-35,000/47,000 yeetoni.
Ngokutsho kweGaogong Lithium Battery's prediction, ngo-2025, izinga lokungena kwimarike ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode materials iya kudlula i-15% xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate. Ngoko ke, ukucinga iimeko ezingathathi hlangothi kunye nethemba, izinga lokungena kwe-lithium iron manganese phosphate kwiminyaka eyi-23-25 ngokulandelanayo i-4% / 9% / 15%, 5% / 11% / 20%. Imakethi yemoto enamavili amabini: Silindele ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate zikhawulezise ukungena kwimarike yombane yamavili amabini yaseTshayina. Amazwe aphesheya kolwandle akasayi kuqwalaselwa ngenxa yokungabi nankathalo kweendleko kunye neemfuno zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu. Kulindeleke ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezingathathi hlangothi kunye nethemba kwiminyaka engama-25, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate iya kuba Imfuno ye-cathodes yi-1.1 / 15,000 yeetoni, kwaye imfuno ehambelanayo ye-manganese yi-0.1 / 0.2 yezigidi zeetoni. Imarike yemoto yombane: Kucingelwa ukuba i-lithium iron manganese phosphate ithatha indawo ngokupheleleyo i-lithium iron phosphate kwaye isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa neebhetri ze-ternary (ngokomlinganiselo weemveliso ezinxulumene ne-Rongbai Technology, sicinga ukuba umlinganiselo we-doping yi-10%), kulindeleke ukuba ingathathi hlangothi kwaye Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezinethemba, imfuno ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathodes yi-257,000/343,000 yeetoni, kwaye imfuno ye-manganese ehambelanayo yi-33,000 / 45,000 yeetoni.
Okwangoku, amaxabiso e-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, kunye ne-electrolytic manganese akwinqanaba elisezantsi ngokwentelekiso kwimbali, kwaye ixabiso le-manganese dioxide likwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokwentelekiso kwimbali. Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokulawulwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla amabini kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla, umbutho unqunyanyiswe ngokudibeneyo imveliso, unikezelo lwe-electrolytic manganese luye lwehla, kwaye amaxabiso anyuke ngokukhawuleza, aqhubela amaxabiso e-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, kunye ne-electrolytic manganese. Emva kwe-2022, imfuno esezantsi yomlambo iyancipha, kwaye ixabiso le-electrolytic manganese liye lehla, ngelixa ixabiso le-electrolytic manganese dioxide liye lehla. Kwi-manganese, i-manganese sulfate, njl., ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwe-boom kwiibhetri ze-lithium ezisezantsi, ukulungiswa kwexabiso akubalulekanga. Ngexesha elide, imfuno esezantsi ye-manganese sulfate kunye ne-manganese dioxide kwiibhetri. Ukuzuza kumthamo owandisiweyo wemathiriyeli ye-cathode esekwe kwimanganese, iziko lamaxabiso kulindeleke ukuba linyukele phezulu.