UPhando kunye noFundo
Kubonakala ngathi i-lithium kunye ne-lithium hydroxides apha ukuhlala, okwangoku: nangona uphando olunzulu kunye nezinto ezizezinye, akukho nto i-horizon enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-lithium njengebhloko yokwakha iteknoloji yebhetri yanamhlanje.
Zombini i-lithium hydroxide (i-LiOH) kunye ne-lithium carbonate (i-LiCO3) amaxabiso abhekiselele phantsi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye i-market shakeup yakutshanje ayiphuculi imeko. Nangona kunjalo, nangona uphando olubanzi kwizinto ezizezinye, akukho nto inokuthi ithathe indawo ye-lithium njengebhloko yokwakha iteknoloji yebhetri yanamhlanje kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Njengoko sisazi kubavelisi beendlela ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ye-lithium, usathana ulele kwiinkcukacha kwaye kulapho amava afunyanwa khona ukuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe ukuxinana kwamandla, umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweeseli.
Ngezithuthi zombane ezitsha (ii-EVs) ziqaliswa phantse rhoqo ngeveki, ishishini likhangela imithombo ethembekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Kwabo bavelisi beemoto ayibalulekanga into eyenzekayo kwiilebhu zophando. Bafuna iimveliso apha kwaye ngoku.
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-lithium carbonate ukuya kwi-lithium hydroxide
Ukuza kuthi ga kutsha nje, i-lithium carbonate ibiyeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo abavelisi abaninzi beebhetri ze-EV, kuba uyilo lwebhetri olukhoyo lubiza ii-cathodes zisebenzisa le mathiriyeli ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza kutshintsha. I-lithium hydroxide ikwayinto ephambili ekrwada kwimveliso yee-cathodes zebhetri, kodwa ifumaneka ngobonelelo olufutshane kakhulu kune-lithium carbonate okwangoku. Nangona imveliso ye-niche engaphezulu kune-lithium carbonate, iphinda isetyenziswe ngabavelisi abakhulu bebhetri, abakhuphisana noshishino lwe-lubricant ye-industrial material efanayo. Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwe-lithium hydroxide kulindeleke ukuba lunqongophele nangakumbi.
Izibonelelo eziphambili ze-lithium hydroxide ibhetri ye-cathodes ngokumalunga nezinye iikhompawundi zeekhemikhali zibandakanya ubuninzi bamandla angcono (umthamo webhetri ongaphezulu), umjikelezo wobomi obude kunye neempawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo.
Ngesi sizathu, imfuno esuka kushishino lwebhetri egcwalisekayo lubonise ukukhula olomeleleyo kuyo yonke i-2010s, ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezinkulu ze-lithium-ion kwizicelo zeemoto. Ngo-2019, iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zibalelwa kwi-54% yemfuno ye-lithium iyonke, phantse iphelele kwi-Li-ion teknoloji yebhetri. Nangona ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kwentengiso ye-hybrid kunye nemoto yombane ijolise kwimfuno yeekhompawundi ze-lithium, intengiso ehlayo kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2019 e-China - eyona ntengiso inkulu yee-EVs - kunye nokuncipha kwentengiso yehlabathi okubangelwa kukuvalwa okuhambelana ne-COVID. Ubhubhani we-19 kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020 ubeke 'iibhuleki' zexesha elifutshane ekukhuleni kwemfuno ye-lithium, ngokuchaphazela imfuno yazo zombini ibhetri kunye nosetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso. Iimeko zexesha elide ziyaqhubeka zibonisa ukukhula okunamandla kwemfuno ye-lithium kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, nangona kunjalo, nge-Roskill yokubikezela imfuno yokugqithisa i-1.0Mt LCE ngo-2027, ngokukhula okungaphezulu kwe-18% ngonyaka ukuya kwi-2030.
Oku kubonisa indlela yokutyala imali ngakumbi kwimveliso ye-LiOH xa kuthelekiswa ne-LiCO3; kwaye yilapho umthombo we-lithium ungena khona: idwala le-spodumene liguquguquka kakhulu ngokwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ivumela imveliso elungelelanisiweyo ye-LiOH ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-lithium brine ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwi-LiCO3 njengomlamli wokuvelisa i-LiOH. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso lokuvelisa i-LiOH liphantsi kakhulu kunye ne-spodumene njengomthombo endaweni ye-brine. Kucacile ukuba, kunye nobuninzi be-lithium brine ekhoyo kwihlabathi, ekugqibeleni ubugcisa benkqubo entsha kufuneka buphuhliswe ukuze busebenzise ngokufanelekileyo lo mthombo. Ngeenkampani ezahlukeneyo eziphanda iinkqubo ezintsha ekugqibeleni siza kubona oku kuza, kodwa okwangoku, i-spodumene ibheji ekhuselekileyo.
