I-Cobabalt yintsimbi esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ezininzi zombane. Iindaba kukuba uTessa uza kusebenzisa "iibhetri" ezingenazincwadi ezingenasiphelo, kodwa luhlobo luni "lwe" Cobhalish "? Ndiza kushwankathela kulwazi olusisiseko ofuna ukwazi.
Igama laso lingqubana neeminerals ezivela kwidemon
Ngaba uyayazi into ye-cobalt? Ayisiyo nje i-Butters yezithuthi zombane (i-EVs) kunye nee-smarphones, kodwa zikwasetyenziswa kwi-Itred-Alt kwi-Alt-Alt kwi-Itred-Alt kwi-Broundt Coloys ye-BOALY YAMABHUNGA NEZITHUBA, NOKUGQIBELA, NGOKUGQIBELA, I-Cobabalt ithiywa emva 'kwe-Korild, i-monster ehlala ivela kwiNzululwazi yeNzululwazi yaseDuny yaseDuny, kwaye kukholelwa kwi-nicieval Eastern kangangokuba baphosa imigodi emigodini yokudala izinyithi ezinzima nenetyhefu. ilungile lo nto.
Ngoku, nokuba kukho okanye abukho okanye abukho okanye ayongabikho okanye i-quabalt inetyhefu kwaye inokubangela iingozi zempilo ezibi njengePneumocociosis ukuba awuzinxibi izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye nangona iDemocratic Republic of Congo ivelisa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha se-Cobalt yehlabathi, umgodi omncinci (umgodi omncinci) apho abantu abahlwempuzekileyo bengenazixhobo ezingenayo ngaphandle koqeqesho lokhuseleko. ), Izengozini ejiweyo zenzeka rhoqo, abantwana banyanzelekile ukuba basebenze ixesha elide ngomvuzo ophantsi we-200 ye-nen ngemini, kwaye i-Amatsu ngumthombo wegolide, i-tungta ingumthombo wegolide, i-tungsten, kunye ne-tin, kunye ne-tantalelo. , Yaza yabizwa ngokuba ziimilo ezixabanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka kweebhetri ze-EVs kunye ne-lithium-ion, kwiminyaka yakutshanje iqalile ukuphonononga i-cobalt eveliswe ziindlela ezingalunganga, kubandakanya i-chain ye-cobasth oxide, iyasetyenziswa.
Umzekelo, i-Giants yebhetri yebhetri kunye ne-LG Chem ithathe inxaxheba kwiphulo le-China elikhokelayo le-China elikhokelayo (iRci) ", ngokuyintloko isebenza ukuphelisa abasebenzi.
Ngo-2018, umanyano lweCobalt olufanelekileyo (FCA), umbutho worhwebo olufanelekileyo we-Cobalt, wasungulwa njengenyathelo lokukhuthaza ukucaca kunye nemthethweni yenkqubo yemigodi yeCobabalt. Abathathi-nxaxheba baquka i-Tessala, esebenzisa i-lithium-ion ye-ion, i-jamani i-ev iqala i-sotors, i-gessiss genccore ye-genctcore, kunye ne-humbuhulune ye-huaayu.
Ukujonga iJapan, i-Sumitomo ye-suritomo ye-Coulting Co., ltd. ezantsi.
Kwixa elizayo, njengeenkampani ezinkulu eziza kuqalisa ngokufanelekileyo iiprojekthi zokuziphatha ezilawulwayo ngokufanelekileyo omnye, abasebenzi kuya kufuneka bathathe umngcipheko kwaye bangene kwimigodi emincinci, kwaye ibango liya kuncipha.
Ukungabikho kwe-cobalt
Okwangoku, inani lee-Evs lisencinci, lilonke zizigidi ezisi-7, kubandakanya i-2,1 yezigidi ithengisiwe kwi-1 bhiliyoni ye-indesi, kwaye itotali ye-ipelt ye-cobalt ye-cobax
Inani lilonke leCobabalt esetyenziswe kwiibhetri kwi-ED ngo-2019 yayiyitoni ye-19,000, oko kuthetha ukuba i-9 kg yomobalt ye-CoAbalt yayifuneka kwinqwelo nganye. Ukwenza i-Eva eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni nge-9 kg nganye ifuna i-9 yezigidi zeetoni, kodwa zona zonke iindawo zehlabathi zizigidi ezingama-7,1 kuphela, kwaye njengoko kuchaziwe ekuqaleni, kunye neetoni ezingama-100000 kwamanye amashishini minyaka le minyaka le minyaka le minyaka le. Kuba yintsimbi esetyenziswa kakhulu, iphele iphela njengoko injalo.
I-EV intengiso kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ilishumi ngo-2025, ngemfuno yonyaka engama-250,000, kubandakanya iibhetri zemoto, izabelo ezizodwa kunye nokunye ukusetyenziswa. Nokuba i-EF ifune ikhutshiwe, iya kuphelelwa kwazo zonke iindawo ezikhoyo ezaziwayo kwisithuba seminyaka engama-30.
Ngokuchasene nale meko, abaphuhlisi beebhetri basebenza imihla enkulu nobusuku ngendlela yokunciphisa inani le-Cobabat. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-NMC zisebenzisa iNickel, iManganese, kunye neCoAbalt ziyaphuculwa yi-NMC111 (i-chackel, i-quabanese, kunye ne-NMC9.5) Okwangoku kuphuhliswa.
I-NCA (i-Nickel, iCobalt, i-Aluminium) esetyenziswa nguTssa inomxholo we-cobalt osike kwi-3% ye-China isebenzisa ibhetri ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate ye-phosphate talti (LFP). Kukho amabakala amkelweyo. Nangona i-LFP iphantsi kwe-NCA ngokwendlela yokusebenza, inezinto eziphantsi kwezinto eziphantsi, ezinzileyo, kunye nobomi obude.
Kwaye kwi "Tessala Bet" ecwangcisiweyo ukusuka nge-6: 30 kusasa nge-23 kaSeptemba eTshayina, kuya kubhengezwa ibhetri entsha yeCobalt-free, kwaye iya kuqalisa ukuveliswa kwesininzi ngePanasonic kwiminyaka embalwa. Kulindeleke.
Ngendlela, eJapan, "iintsimbi ezinqabileyo" kwaye "umhlaba onqabileyo" zihlala zididekile. Iintsimbi ezinqabileyo zisetyenziswa kumzi-mveliso kuba "ukhusela ubonelelo oluzinzileyo kubalulekile ngokomgaqo-nkqubo phakathi kwezizathu zomhlaba onqabileyo (iCandelo loMphathiswa Wezentengiso kunye neShishini)". Yintsimbi engendawo edla ngokusetyenziswa, kwaye ligama eliqhelekileyo leentlobo ezingama-31 kubandakanya i-lithium, iTitanium, iChromium, iPlakel, iPlatinam, kunye nePlayiti enqabileyo. Kwezi zinto, umhlaba onqabileyo wabizwa ngokuba lihlabathi eli-dure, kunye neentlobo ezili-17 ezinje nge-nehedysium kunye ne-dysprosium esetyenziselwa iMagnets esisigxina zichazwe.
Kwimvelaphi yokunqongophala kobutyebi be-cobalt, iphepha lensimbi yeCobabalt & powder, kunye ne-Cobalst comples enje nge-coloride thloride nkqu ne-hexaamminecobalbolt (ii) i-chloride ibonelela ngokufutshane.
Ikhefu ngoxanduva kwi-cobalt
Njengoko intsebenzo efunekayo kwi-Evs yonyuka, kulindeleke ukuba iibhetri ezingafuni ukuba zi-I-I-I-I-REAMAT, ezinjengeebhetri eziqinileyo-zomeleleyo kunye ne-lithium-i-iLithium-iza kubonakala ngathi ziphelile. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba imfuno ye-Cobabalt iyawa kwenye indawo.
Indawo yokutshintsha iya kuza kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 kwakudala, kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu zemigodi ziyathandabuza ukwenza utyalomali lwexesha elide kwiCobabalt. Nangona kunjalo, kuba sibona esi kuphela, sifuna abenzi beenqwelo zokusebenza ukuba bashiye indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kunangaphambili.
Kwaye iibhetri zeZithuthi zoMbane okwangoku kwimarike zifuna ukuphinda ziphinde zisebenze emva kokuba zigqibile imisebenzi yazo ngeminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 kamva, esele iRedwood iGosa leTekhnoloji eyiNtloko ye-Sumit. -Imibala kunye nezinye sele ziseke itekhnoloji yokubuyisela i-cobalt kwaye ziya kuyisebenzisa kwakhona ngezinye izixhobo.
Nokuba imfuno yezinye izixhobo zonyuka okwethutyana kwinkqubo yokuzivelela kwezithuthi zombane, siza kujongana namalungelo oluntu kunye nabasebenzi ngokuqinileyo njenge-cobalt, kwaye ayiyi kuthenga ingqumbo ye-kobholts emqolombeni. Ndingathanda ukugqiba kweli bali ngethemba lokuba luluntu.