I-Boron carbide yikristale emnyama ene-metallic luster, ekwabizwa ngokuba yidayimani emnyama, eyeyezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Okwangoku, wonke umntu uqhelene nezinto ze-boron carbide, enokuthi ibe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-bulletproof, kuba inoxinano oluphantsi phakathi kwezinto ze-ceramic, ineenzuzo ze-modulus ephezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, kwaye inokufikelela ekusebenziseni kakuhle. yokwaphuka kancinci ukufunxa iiprojectiles. Umphumo wamandla, ngelixa ugcina umthwalo uphantsi ngokusemandleni. Kodwa enyanisweni, i-boron carbide inezinye izinto ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, ezinokuthi zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwi-abrasives, izinto eziphikisayo, i-nuclear industry, i-aerospace kunye nezinye iindawo.
Iipropati zeboron carbide
Ngokumalunga neempawu ezibonakalayo, ubunzima be-boron carbide kuphela emva kwedayimane kunye ne-cubic boron nitride, kwaye isenokugcina amandla aphezulu kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, anokuthi asetyenziswe njengento efanelekileyo yokushisa i-high-temperature-resistant material; Ubuninzi be-boron carbide buncinci kakhulu (ubuninzi bethiyori yi-2.52 g / cm3 kuphela), ilula kunezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-ceramic, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwintsimi ye-aerospace; I-boron carbide inamandla okufunxa i-neutron, uzinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, kunye nendawo yokunyibilika ye-2450 ° C, ngoko ke ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lwenyukliya. Isakhono sokufunxa i-neutron ye-neutron inokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokudibanisa izinto ze-B; izinto ze-boron carbide kunye ne-morphology ethile kunye nesakhiwo nazo zineempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-photoelectric; ukongeza, i-boron carbide ine-high melting point, i-modulus ephezulu ye-elastic, i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kunye nelungileyo Ezi zinzuzo zenza ukuba kube yinto enokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuthi zenziwe kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana ne-metallurgy, imboni yeekhemikhali, oomatshini, i-aerospace kunye noshishino lwezempi. Umzekelo, iindawo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kunye ne-wear-resistant, ukwenza isikrweqe sokukhusela iimbumbulu, iirodi zokulawula i-reactor kunye ne-thermoelectric elements, njl.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati zeekhemikhali, i-boron carbide ayifuni kunye ne-acids, i-alkalis kunye neyona nto ininzi ye-inorganic compounds kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye kunzima ukusabela nge-oksijeni kunye ne-halogen gases kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye iikhemikhali zayo zizinzile. Ukongeza, i-boron carbide powder isebenze yi-halogen njenge-agent ye-steel boriding, kwaye i-boron ifakwe kumphezulu wensimbi ukuze yenze ifilimu ye-iron boride, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye iikhemikhali zayo zihle kakhulu.
Sonke siyazi ukuba ubume bezinto eziphathekayo bumisela ukusetyenziswa, ngoko ke zeziphi izicelo apho i-boron carbide powder inomsebenzi obalaseleyo?Iinjineli zeziko le-R&D leUrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. yenze isishwankathelo esilandelayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweboron carbide
1. IBoron carbide isetyenziswa njenge polishing abrasive
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-boron carbide njenge-abrasive isetyenziselwa ukugaya kunye nokupholisa isafire. Phakathi kwezinto ezinzima kakhulu, ubunzima be-boron carbide bungcono kunobo be-aluminium oxide kunye ne-silicon carbide, okwesibini kuphela kwidayimane kunye ne-cubic boron nitride. I-Sapphire yeyona nto ifanelekileyo ye-substrate ye-semiconductor ye-GaN / Al 2 O3 i-light-emitting diodes (ii-LED), iisekethe ezinkulu ezihlanganisiweyo ze-SOI kunye ne-SOS, kunye neefilimu ze-superconducting nanostructure. Ukuguda komphezulu kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka kugudiswe kakhulu Akukho nqanaba lomonakalo. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bekristale yesafire (ubunzima be-Mohs 9), kwazisa ubunzima obukhulu ekuqhubeni amashishini.
Ngokwembono yezixhobo kunye nokugaya, ezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zokusetyenzwa kunye nokugaya iikristale zesafire yidayimane yokwenziwa, i-boron carbide, i-silicon carbide, kunye nesilicon dioxide. Ubunzima bedayimane eyenziweyo buphezulu kakhulu (ubunzima be-Mohs 10) xa ugaya i-sapphire wafer, iya kukrwela umphezulu, ichaphazele ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-wafer, kwaye ixabiso liyabiza; emva kokusika i-silicon carbide, uburhabaxa be-RA buhlala buphezulu kwaye i-flatness ayilunganga; Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima be-silica akwanele (ubunzima be-Mohs 7), kwaye amandla okugaya ahluphekile, okudla ixesha kunye nomsebenzi onzima kwinkqubo yokugaya. Ke ngoko, i-boron carbide abrasive (i-Mohs hardness 9.3) iye yaba yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokusetyenzwa kunye nokusila iikristale zesafire, kwaye inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokusila ngamacala amabini amaqhekeza esafire kunye nokucolwa ngasemva kunye nokupolisha kwesafire-based LED epitaxial wafers.
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba xa i-boron carbide ingaphezulu kwe-600 ° C, umphezulu uya kuxutywa kwifilimu ye-B2O3, eya kuthambisa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukugaya okomileyo kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwizicelo ze-abrasive, ezifanelekileyo kuphela. yokugudisa ulwelo lokusila. Nangona kunjalo, le propati ithintela i-B4C ekubeni i-oxidized ngakumbi, iyenza ibe neenzuzo ezizodwa ekusebenziseni izinto eziphikisayo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwizinto eziphikisayo
I-Boron carbide ineempawu ze-anti-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njengezinto ezimile nezingamiliselwanga zokuchasa kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, njengezitovu zentsimbi kunye nefenitshala ye-ontini.
Ngeemfuno zokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwi-iron kunye ne-industry yensimbi kunye ne-smelting ye-low-carbon steel kunye ne-ultra-low carbon steel, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezitena eziphantsi kwe-carbon magnesia-carbon (ngokuqhelekileyo <8% umxholo wekhabhoni) ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kuye kwatsala ingqwalasela engakumbi nangakumbi evela kumashishini asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Okwangoku, ukusebenza kwezitena ze-carbon magnesia-carbon ephantsi ziphuculwa ngokubanzi ngokuphucula ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni edibeneyo, ukulungelelanisa isakhiwo se-matrix yezitena ze-magnesia-carbon, kunye nokongeza i-antioxidants ephezulu. Phakathi kwabo, i-carbon graphitized carbon eyenziwe nge-industrial-grade boron carbide kunye ne-graphitized carbon black isetyenziswa. I-powder composite emnyama, esetyenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni kunye ne-antioxidant kwizitena ze-carbon magnesia-carbon ephantsi, iphumelele iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ekubeni i-boron carbide iya kuthamba kwinqanaba elithile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, inokuqhotyoshelwa kumphezulu wezinye izinto eziphathekayo. Nangona imveliso ixinaniswa, ifilimu ye-oxide ye-B2O3 ebusweni ingenza ukhuseleko oluthile kwaye idlale indima echasene ne-oxidation. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba iikristale zecolumnar eziveliswa yi-reaction zisasazwa kwi-matrix kunye nezikhewu ze-refractory material, i-porosity iyancitshiswa, amandla obushushu aphakathi ayaphuculwa, kunye nomthamo weekristale ezenziweyo zanda, ezinokuphilisa umthamo. ukuncipha kunye nokunciphisa iintanda.
3. Izinto ezingangenwa ziimbumbulu ezisetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukhuselo lwesizwe
Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obuthile obuncinci, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana ne-ballistic, i-boron carbide ihambelana ngokukodwa nomkhwa wezinto ezikhaphukhaphu ze-bulletproof. Yeyona imathiriyeli igqwesileyo yokukhusela iinqwelomoya, izithuthi, isikrweqe kunye nemizimba yabantu; ngoku,Amanye amazwebenze isindululo sophando lwesikrweqe esilwa ne-boron carbide ebiza ixabiso eliphantsi, esijolise ekukhuthazeni usetyenziso olukhulu lwe-boron carbide anti-ballistic isikrweqe kushishino lokhuselo.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kushishino lwenyukliya
I-Boron carbide inomnqamlezo ophezulu wokufunxa ineutron kunye ne-eneutron ene-spectrum yamandla, kwaye yamkelwa kumazwe ngamazwe njengeyona nto ifunxa ineutron ingcono kushishino lwenyutroni. Phakathi kwazo, icandelo le-thermal le-boron-10 isotope liphezulu njenge-347 × 10-24 cm2, okwesibini kuphela kwizinto ezimbalwa ezifana ne-gadolinium, i-samarium, kunye ne-cadmium, kwaye i-thermal neutron absorber. Ukongeza, i-boron carbide ityebile kwimithombo, i-corrosion-resistant, uzinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, ayivelisi i-isotopes ye-radioactive, kwaye inamandla emitha ye-ray ephantsi, ngoko ke i-boron carbide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kwi-reactors yenyukliya.
Umzekelo, kushishino lwenyukliya, ubushushu obuphezulu begesi epholileyo sisebenzisa inkqubo yokuvalwa kwebhola efunxa iboron njengenkqubo yesibini yokuvalwa. Kwimeko yengozi, xa inkqubo yokuqala yokuvala isilela, inkqubo yesibini yokuvala isebenzisa inani elikhulu le-boron carbide pellets Ukuwa kwi-channel ye-reflesive layer ye-reactor core, njl., ukuvala i-reactor kwaye uqaphele ukubanda. Ukuvalwa, apho ibhola efunxayo yibhola yegraphite equlethe i-boron carbide. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-boron carbide core kwiqondo eliphezulu lokushisa kwegesi-cooled reactor kukulawula amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwe-reactor. Isitena sekhabhoni sifakwe kwi-boron carbide neutron absorbing material, enokunciphisa i-neutron irradiation yesitya soxinzelelo lwe-reactor.
Okwangoku, imathiriyeli ye-boride yezixhobo zenyukliya ikakhulu ibandakanya ezi zixhobo zilandelayo: i-boron carbide (iintonga zokulawula, iintsimbi zokukhusela), i-boric acid (imodareyitha, i-coolant), intsimbi ye-boron (iintonga zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amafutha enyukliya kunye nenkunkuma yenyukliya), i-boron Europium. (undoqo wezinto ezinetyhefu ezivuthayo), njl.