I-Polyester (Pet) ifibre yeyona ntlobo yi-fiber ye-fiber yokwenziwa. Iingubo ezenziwe ngefayibha ye-polyester ikhululekile, iCrisp, kulula ukuhlamba, kwaye ikhawuleze kuyo. I-polyeester isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo esiyilo sokupakisha, imizi-mveliso, kunye neplasitiki yobunjineli. Ngenxa yoko, i-polyester iye yaqulunqa ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni jikelele, enyuka ngesantya esiqhelekileyo se-7% kunye nemveliso enkulu.
Imveliso ye-polyester inokwahlulwa kwi-dimthyl terephthalater (DMT) yendlela kunye ne-Terephthayic Acid (PTA) indlela yenkqubo yenkqubo kwaye inokwahlulwa ibe yinkqubo yokuphumelela kunye nenkqubo eqhubekayo malunga nokusebenza. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yenkqubo yokuvelisa eyamkelwe, i-polycontitions yokuphendula ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweekhomputha zensimbi njenge-catalysts. Indlela ye-polycotionsions yokuphendula linyathelo eliphambili kwinkqubo yemveliso yePolyester, kwaye ixesha le-polycotionance yibhotile yokuphucula isivuno. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yenkuthazo yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni umgangatho we-polyester kwaye utshayela ixesha le-polycotionation.
I-UrbandMine Tech. Inqunyulwe yinkampani ekhokelayo kwi-R & D, imveliso, kunye nokunikezelwa kwebanga le-Polyester Teamolyst Trioxide, i-antimony aytony, kunye ne-antimoni. Senze uphando olunzulu kwezi mveliso - i-R & D iSebe le-UrbanMines ngoku lishwankathela i-Antimony Catalys kweli nqaku ukunceda ukuba basebenzise iinkqubo zethu, kwaye banike ukhuphiswano olubanzi lweemveliso ze-pontuber ye-polyester.
Abaphengululi basekhaya nabamanye amazwe bayakholelwa ukuba i-Polycondentemetion ye-Polyconditions yindlela yokwandisa i-chans, kunye nendlela yokuthambisa i-atom ye-arct ye-arcdons ye-arc ye-arbo ye-arc ye-carbonyl yokufezekisa injongo ye-catalysis. Nge-Polycondinition, kuba i-elektroni yefu ye-elektroni ye-iCarbonyl kwiQela le-hydroxythyl iphantsi, i-electronegativer ye-ions iphezulu ngexesha lonxibelelaniso kunye nolwandiso lwe-chain.
Oku kulandelayo kunokusetyenziswa njenge-Pelyster Catalysts: Li, Na, Mg, i-BR, PB, i-bi, i-bi, i-bi, i-bi, i-bi, i-bi, i-bies, I-Guinidines, i-Sulfur-enemilinganiselo ye-on onpur. Nangona kunjalo, i-cataights esetyenziswayo ngoku kwaye ifundwe kwimveliso yezamashishini ikakhulu zii-SB, i-GE, kunye ne-TI. Inani elikhulu lezifundo libonisile ukuba: I-ge-catalysts esekwe kwi-Ge-Catalys ikwimeko embalwa kwaye ivelise isilwanyana esiphezulu, kodwa umsebenzi wawo akaphezulu, kwaye zibiza kakhulu; I-Titalys esekwe kwi-TI inomsebenzi ophezulu kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo, kodwa ukuphendula kwabo i-Catalytic sendlela ngokucacileyo, kwaye kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kozinzo lwe-shorm, kwaye kusetyenziswa kuphela umbala wemveliso ye-PBT, i-PTT, i-PCT, njl.; I-catalysts esekwe kwi-SB ayisebenzi ngakumbi. Umgangatho wemveliso uphakame kuba i-catalysts esekwe kwi-SB isebenza ngakumbi, zisandul 'ukuphendula, kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, baye basetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, ezona zinto zisetyenziswa zisetyenziswayo ze-sb ze-sb isetyenziswa i-antimoly trioxide (SB2O3), i-antimony acetate (SB (SB (i-ch3co) 3), njl.
Ukujonga imbali yophuhliso yomzi-mveliso we-polyester, singakufumanisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezityalo zePolyester ehlabathini Sebenzisa imibane ye-antimoly. Ngo-2000, i-china ikwazisile izityalo ezininzi ze-polyester, zonke ezona zisebenzisa imibandela ye-antimony njenge-catalysts, ubukhulu be-SB2O3 kunye ne-SB2OCOARE) 3. Ngeenzame ezidibeneyo zophando lwezenzululwazi zaseTshayina, iiyunivesithi, kunye namasebe emveliso, ezi ziko zimbini ngoku sele ziveliselwe ngaphakathi.
Ukusukela ngo-1999, inkampani yekhemikhali yaseFrance elf isungule i-antimol Golylic [SB2C2C2C2C2C2C2CO) 3] Imveliso ephuculweyo ye-catalysts ehlaziyiweyo. Iitshiphu zePolyerter zivele zimhlophe kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, ezitsalele ingqalelo kakhulu kumaziko ophando lwasekhaya, amashishini, kunye nabavelisi be-polyester eTshayina.
I. UPhando kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwe-antimon trioxide
I-United States yenye yezona zinto zangaphambili ukuba zivelise kwaye zisebenzise i-SB2O3. Ngo-1961, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SB2O3 e-United States kwafika kwiitoni ezingama-4,943. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, iinkampani ezintlanu eJapan zavelisa uSB2O3 ngokuvelisa itotali ye-6,360 ngonyaka.
I-China iphambili ye-SB2O3 yoPhando kunye noPhuculo kunye neYunithi yoPhuhliso ikakhulu ikakhulu igxile kumashishini angaphantsi kwePhondo laseHunan noShanghai. I-UrbandMine Tech. Kunqongophele kwaye kuseka umgca wobugcisa kwiPhondo laseHunan.
(I). Indlela yokuvelisa i-Antimoby Trioxide
Ukwenziwa kwe-SB2O3 kuhlala kusebenzisa i-antimony sulfide ore njengezinto eziluhlaza. I-antimony i-antimony ilungisiwe kuqala, kwaye emva koko i-SB2O3 iveliswa kusetyenziswa i-antimony yentsimbi njengento eluhlaza.
Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokuvelisa i-SB2O3 ukusuka kwi-Antimony ye-Mentic: I-Oxidation ngqo kunye ne-Nitrogen
1. Indlela ye-oxidation ngqo
Isinyithi i-antimory iphendulwa ngeoksijini phantsi kokufudumeza ukuya kwi-SB2O3. Inkqubo yokuphendula yile ilandelayo:
I-4sb + 3O2 == 2sb2O3O
I-2. I-Ammononolysis
I-antimony intsimbi iphinda isebenze nge-chlorine ukuze isebenze i-antichloynsiide, emva koko icinyiwe, ihlanjwe, ihlanjwe, kwaye yomile ukuze ifumane imveliso ye-SB2O3. I-equation esisiseko yokuphendula yile:
I-2sb + 3cl2 == 2sbcl3
I-SBCL3 + H2O == sbocl + 2hcl
I-4sbocl + h2o == sb2 ·3closbocl + 2hcl
Sb2o3o3sbocl + oh == 2sb2O3 + 2nh4cl + h2o
(Ii). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-antimonide
Eyona nto isetyenziselwa i-antimon i-antioxide injenge-pilymerase kunye nelangatye liyithobelwe ngezinto zokwenziwa.
Kumzi-mveliso we-polyester, sb2o3 waqala ukusetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili. I-SB2O3 isetyenziswa ikakhulu njenge-polycondetions catalyst yendlela ye-DMT kunye nendlela yokuqala ye-Pta kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-H3PO4 okanye i-enzymes.
(Iii). Iingxaki nge-antimon trioxide
I-SB2O3 inolwazi oluhlwempuzekileyo e-Ethylene Glycol, kunye nomhlaba kuphela kwe-4.04% nge-150 ° C. Ke ngoko, xa i-Ethyynene Glycol isetyenziselwa ukulungisa imeko, i-SB2O3 ineentsali ezigwenxa, ezinokubangela ukuba i-telylist yenkqubo yokugcwalisa i-polymerizazazazaza, ivelise i-Sycling Poims, kwaye izise ubunzima bokujikeleza. Ukuphucula ukubetheka kunye nokusasazeka kwe-SB2O3 e-Ethlone Glycol, yamkelekile ukuba isebenzise i-gallynene egqithisileyo okanye inyuse iqondo lobushushu lokwahlula-nye ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-150 ° C. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezulu kwe-120 ° C, SB2O3 ne-Ethylene Glyccol ingenisa i-itholly guysony i-pipsion yokuphendula i-polycoving kwi-polyoesetions kwi-Polyester Chips ichaphazela umgangatho we-poltester kwaye ichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso.
II. Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antimony acetate
Indlela yokulungiselela ye-antimony acetate
Ekuqaleni, i-antimony i-acetate yayilungiselelwe ngokuphendula i-antimoxide ene-acetic acid, kunye ne-acetic acid yayisetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokuphelisa amanzi eveliswa yindlela yokuphendula. Umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo efunyenwe yile ndlela ayiphezulu, kwaye yathatha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-30 ze-antimonide ukuba inyibilike kwi-aceid acceid. Emva kwexesha, u-Antimory Acetate walungiswa ngokusabela ngokuBalaseleyo, okanye i-antingony tioxide, okanye i-antimony trioxide ene-acetic adydride, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yearhente yehlelo yokuphelelwa ngamandla.
I-1. I-AllMnuon ye-Ant-Ant Stomelele Storichlide
Ngo-1947, H. Schmidt et al. ENtshona Jamani ilungiselela i-SB (Ch3coo) 3 ngokuphendula i-SBCL3 nge-acetic anhtic andddride. Ifomula yokuphendula yile ilandelayo:
I-SBCL3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == sb (Ch3co) 3 + 3CH3COCL
I-2. Indlela yentsimbi ye-Allmony
Ngo-1954, uTataybea weSoviet Union elungiselelwe i-SB (Ch3co) 3 ngokusabela i-antimony i-antimonic and the antimellic and peroxyacelty kwisisombululo se-Bezene. Ifomula yokuphendula yile:
I-SB + (ch3coo) 2 == sb (Ch3co) 3
I-3. I-Antongory Trioxide indlela
Ngo-1957, F. Gernel yaseNtshona Germany esebenzisa i-SB2O3 ukuba iphendule nge-acetic anhydride ukuba ivelise i-SB (Ch3coo) 3.
SB2O3 + 3 (CH3CO) 2O == 2sb (Ch3co) 3
Ukungancediki kwale ndlela kukuba iikristali zidla ngokuphatha zibe ngamaqhekeza amakhulu kwaye zinamathele ngokuqinileyo kudonga lwangaphakathi lwesaphulelo, kubangela umgangatho wemveliso kunye nombala.
I-4. I-Antimony Trioxide yendlela yokuzalwa
Ukoyisa iintsilelo zendlela engentla, i-solvent yesolvel idla okongezwa ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-SB2O3 kunye ne-acetic adhydride. Indlela ethile yokulungiselela imile:
. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi alisebenzisayo i-Xylene (O-, M-, i-M-, iphe- xylene, okanye umxube) njengesinyibilikisi sokungathathi hlangothi ukuvelisa amakristali entle e-Antimony Acetate.
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III. Thelekisa i-Catagony ezintathu ze-anymolys
| I-Antimony Trioxide | I-Antimony Acetate | I-antimony glycolate | |
| Iipropati ezisisiseko | Ngokuqhelekileyo ukwaziwa njenge-antimory formula sb 2 o 3, ubunzima bemolekyuli 291.51, umgubo omhlophe, inqaku elinyibilikayo 656 ℃. Umxholo we-theoretical andution umxholo malunga ne-83.53%. Ukuxinana kwe-5.20G / ml. Inyibilikisi kwi-acid ye-chadrochloric acid egqwesileyo, i-witric acid egxinisiweyo, i-witric acid, i-tartaric acid kunye ne-alkali enesisombululo, i-alkali emanzini, utywala, diluturic acid. | Ifomula ye-Molecroula SB (AC) I-3, ubunzima bemolekyuli 298.89, i-theoretical any you 126-16 | Ifomula ye-molecular sb 2 (umzekelo) 3, ubunzima bemolekyuli bungamalunga ne-423.68, indawo yokunyibilika i-attalline ye-antity iqinile, ingenaxabiso kwaye ingenaxabiso, kulula ukuyifumana umswakama. Inyibilika ngokulula e-Ethylene Glycol. |
| Indlela ye-synthesis kunye netekhnoloji | Eyona ndlela idityaniswe yindlela ye-stibnite: 2sb 2 + 9o 2 + 9sb 2 o 3 + 3C | Umzi-mveliso ubukhulu becala usebenzisa i-SB 2 O 3 Indlela ye-Syntnga3 + 3 (Ch3Co) 3O-I-STATROCT: I-STATOCT: I-SBLECOCE: I-SBYNATION ayinakuba kwimeko emanzi, kwaye izixhobo zemveliso kufuneka zome. | Umzi-mveliso ubukhulu becala usebenzisa i-SB 2 O 3 Indlela yokuqengqwa: SB 2 O 3 + 3UG → I-Deoring → I-Deoring → I-Deoring Ark ukwahlukana namanzi ukuthintela i-hydrolysis. Le mpendulo yindlela yokuphendula eguqukayo, kwaye ngokubanzi ukuphendula kuphakanyiswa kukusebenzisa i-zelylene Glycone egqithisileyo kwaye isuse amanzi emveliso. |
| Inzuzo | Ixabiso lixabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, inomsebenzi omodareyitha kunye nexesha elifutshane le-polycondoning. | I-antimony i-antimory i-Antitat inomelele e-Ethylene Glycol kwaye ihluthwe i-ethylene Glycol, enokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-antimony, i-antimony i-antity ineempawu zomsebenzi ophakamileyo, ukuchasana nobushushu obungaphantsi kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obufanelekileyo, nokungazinzi kwengqondo okuncinci kunye nokuzinza kwesokhreji. Kwangelo xesha, ukusebenzisa i-antimony i-antitate njengesixhobo esingafuni ukongezwa kwe-co-catalyst kunye nesitata. Indlela yokuphendula ye-antimony ye-antimory ye-antimolteckate ye-antimolyte inobulali, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso uphakame, ngakumbi umbala, ongcono kuneso senkqubo ye-antimox (sb 2 o 3). | I-catalyst inamandla aphezulu e-Ethylene Glycol; I-Antimony isusiwe, kwaye ukungcola ezinjengeemolekyuli zentsimbi, i-chloride kunye ne-pulfcone incitshisiwe kwi-isccousion ye-ion ye-ion ye-Ethylene kwi-SB 2 O 3 ngokuthelekisa Sb (AC) 3, isixa se-SB 3+ sidlala indima eyimfuneko enkulu. Umbala wemveliso yePolyester eveliswe yi-SB 2 (umzekelo) 3 ilunge ngakumbi kune-SB 2 O 3 Ngaphezulu kuneyokuqala, ukwenza imveliso ibonakale ibukhali kwaye imhlophe; |
| Ukungancedi | I-solidaity e-Ithylene Glycol ihlwempu, i-4.04% kuphela nge-150 ° C. Ukuziqhelanisa, i-ithylene glycol igqithisile okanye iqondo lokuhlaselwa kweqondo lokuhlaziya lingaphezulu kwe-150 ° C. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-SB 2 O 3 I-E-3 O 3 I-E-3 O 3 I-E-O 3 I-E-I-E-Inglone Glycone ixesha elide ingaphezulu kwe-120 ° Glylcone Glycol Alases Animent inokuthi incitshiswe i-chips ye-polyconys kwi-Polyaster kwi-Polyester Chips ichaphazele umgangatho. I-phenomenon ye-polyvament antimonuntesies ze-ochasoedes yenzeka ngexesha lokulungiselela i-SB 2 O 3, kunye nokucoceka okusebenzayo kokuchaswa. | I-alwandom lengxokolo lommangaliso liphantsi; Ukungcola kwe-accetic acid ukwazisa izixhobo zokugcina izinto, ukungcolisa indalo, kwaye akulunganga kunyango lwamanzi amdaka; Inkqubo yemveliso inzima, iimeko zemo yokusebenza zihlwempuzekile, kukho ungcoliseko, kwaye imveliso ilula ukutshintsha umbala. Kulula ukubola xa kushushu, kwaye iimveliso ze-hydrolysis yi-SB2O3 kunye neCh3cooh. Ixesha lokuhlala lezinto eziphathekayo lide, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-Polycotionence, eliphezulu kakhulu kunenkqubo ye-SB2O3. | Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SB 2 (umzekelo) 3 Ukunyusa iindleko zesixhobo (ukunyuka kweendleko kungashenxiswa kuphela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-25 zesilwanyana sasekhaya sisetyenziselwa ukuzicingela iifiliments). Ukongeza, ixabiso le-B le-hue yemveliso inyuka kancinane. |