1. Ketane ea indasteri ea Polysilicon: Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e rarahane, 'me tlaase e lebisa tlhokomelo ho photovoltaic semiconductors.
Polysilicon e hlahisoa haholo ke silicon ea indasteri, chlorine le hydrogen, 'me e fumaneha ka holimo ho liketane tsa indasteri ea photovoltaic le semiconductor. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa CPIA, mokhoa oa hona joale oa tlhahiso ea polysilicon lefatšeng ka bophara ke mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa Siemens, ntle le Chaena, ho feta 95% ea polysilicon e hlahisoa ka mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa Siemens. Nakong ea ho lokisa polysilicon ka mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng oa Siemens, pele, khase ea chlorine e kopantsoe le khase ea hydrogen ho hlahisa hydrogen chloride, ebe e itšoara ka phofo ea silicon ka mor'a ho sila le ho sila ha silicon ea indasteri ho hlahisa trichlorosilane, e ntseng e fokotseha ka ho eketsehileng. khase ea hydrogen ho hlahisa polysilicon. Silicon ea polycrystalline e ka qhibiliha le ho pholile ho etsa li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon, 'me silicon ea monocrystalline e ka boela ea hlahisoa ke Czochralski kapa zone melting. Ha ho bapisoa le silicon ea polycrystalline, silicon e le 'ngoe ea kristale e entsoe ka lijo-thollo tsa kristale tse nang le mokhoa o tšoanang oa kristale, kahoo e na le motlakase o motle oa motlakase le katleho ea phetoho. Li-ingots tse peli tsa polycrystalline silicon le lithupa tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline li ka khaoloa hape le ho sebetsoa ka li-wafers tsa silicon le lisele, tseo le tsona e bang likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa li-module tsa photovoltaic mme li sebelisoa tšimong ea photovoltaic. Ho phaella moo, liphaphatha tsa kristale tsa silicon tse le 'ngoe li ka boela tsa etsoa ka liphaephe tsa silicon ka ho sila khafetsa, ho polishing, epitaxy, ho hloekisa le mekhoa e meng, e ka sebelisoang e le lisebelisoa tsa substrate bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa semiconductor.
Likahare tsa litšila tsa polysilicon li hlokahala ka tieo, 'me indasteri e na le litšobotsi tsa matsete a phahameng a lichelete le lithibelo tse phahameng tsa tekheniki. Kaha bohloeki ba polysilicon bo tla ama ka botebo mokhoa o le mong oa ho taka oa kristale, litlhoko tsa bohloeki li thata haholo. Bohloeki bo fokolang ba polysilicon ke 99.9999%, 'me e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e haufi le 100%. Ho phaella moo, litekanyetso tsa naha tsa Chaena li fana ka litlhoko tse hlakileng tsa litaba tse sa hloekang, 'me li itšetlehile ka sena, polysilicon e arotsoe ka lihlopha tsa I, II, le III, tseo litaba tsa boron, phosphorus, oksijene le carbon ke index ea bohlokoa ea litšupiso. "Polysilicon Industry Access Conditions" e hlalosa hore likhoebo li tlameha ho ba le tlhahlobo le tsamaiso ea boleng bo nepahetseng, 'me maemo a lihlahisoa a lumellana le maemo a naha; Ho phaella moo, maemo a ho fihlella a boetse a hloka tekanyo le tšebeliso ea matla ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon, tse kang solar-grade, electronic-grade polysilicon Sekala sa morero se seholo ho feta lithane tse 3000 / selemo le lithane tse 1000 / selemo ka ho latellana, le bonyane ba chelete e ngata. matseteng a merero e mecha ea kaho le kaho le katoloso e ke ke ea ba tlase ho 30%, kahoo polysilicon ke indasteri e kenyang chelete e ngata. Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa CPIA, litšenyehelo tsa matsete tsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea lithane tse 10,000 tse kentsoeng tšebetsong ka 2021 li eketsehile hanyane ho fihla ho li-yuan/kt tse limilione tse 103. Lebaka ke ho phahama ha theko ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tšepe. Ho lebelletsoe hore litšenyehelo tsa matsete nakong e tlang li tla eketseha ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso le ho fokotseha ha monoma ha boholo bo ntse bo eketseha. Ho ea ka melaoana, tšebeliso ea matla ea polysilicon bakeng sa phokotso ea boemo ba letsatsi le ea elektronike ea Czochralski e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 60 kWh/kg le 100 kWh/kg ka ho latellana, ’me litlhoko tsa matšoao a tšebeliso ea matla li batla li le thata. Tlhahiso ea polysilicon e atisa ho ba karolo ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e batla e rarahane, 'me moeli oa litsela tsa theknoloji, khetho ea lisebelisoa, ho laela le ho sebetsa e phahame. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata e rarahaneng ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me palo ea li-node tsa taolo e feta 1,000. Ho thata ho ba qalang Kapele ho tseba mesebetsi ea matsoho e butsoitseng. Ka hona, ho na le litšitiso tse phahameng tsa lichelete le tsa tekheniki indastering ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon, e boetse e khothaletsa baetsi ba polysilicon ho etsa ts'ebetso e tiileng ea tekheniki ea phallo ea ts'ebetso, ho paka le ho tsamaisa.
2. Sehlopha sa Polysilicon: bohloeki bo etsa qeto ea tšebeliso, 'me boemo ba letsatsi bo nka karolo e ka sehloohong
Polycrystalline silicon, mofuta oa silicon ea mantlha, e entsoe ka lithollo tsa kristale tse nang le libopeho tse fapaneng tsa kristale, 'me e hloekisoa haholo ke ts'ebetso ea silicon ea indasteri. Ponahalo ea polysilicon ke tšepe e bohlooho e benyang, 'me ntlha e qhibilihang e ka ba 1410 ℃. Ha e sebetse ka mocheso oa kamore 'me e sebetsa haholoanyane boemong bo qhibilihisitsoeng. Polysilicon e na le thepa ea semiconductor mme ke thepa ea bohlokoa haholo le e ntle haholo ea semiconductor, empa litšila tse nyane li ka ama ts'ebetso ea eona haholo. Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho arola polysilicon. Ho phaella ho lihlopha tse boletsoeng ka holimo ho latela maemo a naha ea Chaena, mekhoa e meng e meraro ea bohlokoa ea lihlopha e hlahisoa mona. Ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bohloeki le ts'ebeliso, polysilicon e ka aroloa ka polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi le polysilicon ea boemo ba elektroniki. Solar-grade polysilicon e sebelisoa haholo-holo tlhahisong ea lisele tsa photovoltaic, ha polysilicon ea boemo ba elektronike e sebelisoa haholo indastering e kopanetsoeng ea potoloho e le thepa e tala bakeng sa li-chips le lihlahisoa tse ling. Ho hloeka ha polysilicon ea solar-grade ke 6 ~ 8N, ke hore, kakaretso ea ho se hloeke ho hlokahala hore e be tlase ho feta 10 -6, 'me bohloeki ba polysilicon bo tlameha ho fihla ho 99.9999% kapa ho feta. Litlhoko tsa bohloeki tsa polysilicon ea elektronike li thata haholoanyane, ka bonyane ba 9N le boholo ba hona joale ba 12N. Ho hlahisa polysilicon ea boemo ba elektronike ho batla ho le thata. Ho na le likhoebo tse 'maloa tsa Machaena tse ipabolang ka theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea elektroniki,' me li ntse li ipapisitse le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Hajoale, tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi e kholo haholo ho feta ea polysilicon ea mofuta oa elektronike, 'me ea pele e mena ka makhetlo a 13.8 ho feta ea ho qetela.
Ho ea ka phapang ea litšila tsa doping le mofuta oa conductivity oa thepa ea silicon, e ka aroloa ka mofuta oa P le N-mofuta. Ha silicon e entsoe ka likarolo tse sa hloekang tse amohelang, tse kang boron, aluminium, gallium, joalo-joalo, e laoloa ke ho khanna ha lesoba 'me ke mofuta oa P. Ha silicon e e-na le likarolo tse sa hloekang tsa bafani, tse kang phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, joalo-joalo, e laoloa ke electron conduction 'me ke mofuta oa N. Libetri tsa mofuta oa P li kenyelletsa haholo libeteri tsa BSF le libeteri tsa PERC. Ka 2021, libeteri tsa PERC li tla ikarabella ho feta 91% ea 'maraka oa lefats'e, mme libeteri tsa BSF li tla felisoa. Nakong eo PERC e nkang sebaka sa BSF, katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa mofuta oa P e eketsehile ho tloha tlase ho 20% ho ea ho 23%, e leng haufi le ho atamela moeli o ka holimo oa 24.5%, ha moeli o ka holimo oa N- Lisele tsa mofuta ke 28.7%, 'me lisele tsa mofuta oa N li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho, Ka lebaka la melemo ea karo-karolelano e phahameng ea bifacial le coefficient e tlase ea mocheso, lik'hamphani li se li qalile. ho kenya likhoele tsa tlhahiso ea bongata bakeng sa libeteri tsa mofuta oa N. Ho ea ka ponelopele ea CPIA, karolo ea libeteri tsa mofuta oa N e tla eketseha haholo ho tloha ho 3% ho isa ho 13.4% ka 2022. Ho lebelletsoe hore lilemong tse hlano tse tlang, ho tla kengoa phetiso ea betri ea mofuta oa N-mofuta oa P. Ho ea ka boleng bo fapaneng ba holim'a metsi, e ka aroloa ka thepa e teteaneng, lisebelisoa tsa cauliflower le lisebelisoa tsa coral. Sebaka sa thepa e teteaneng se na le tekanyo e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea concavity, e ka tlase ho 5mm, ha e na mebala e sa tloaelehang, ha e na interlayer ea oxidation, le theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa; bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa tsa cauliflower bo na le tekanyo e itekanetseng ea concavity, 5-20mm, karolo e leka-lekaneng, 'me theko e bohareng ba bohareng; ha karolo e ka holimo ea thepa ea likorale e na le concavity e tebileng haholoanyane, Botebo bo boholo ho feta 20mm, karolo e hlephile, 'me theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa. Thepa e teteaneng e sebelisoa haholo ho hula silicon ea monocrystalline, athe lisebelisoa tsa cauliflower le likorale li sebelisoa haholo ho etsa li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon. Tlhahisong ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea likhoebo, thepa e teteaneng e ka etsoa ka thepa e ka tlase ho 30% ea cauliflower ho hlahisa silicon ea monocrystalline. Litsenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tse tala li ka bolokeha, empa tšebeliso ea thepa ea cauliflower e tla fokotsa bokhoni ba ho hula ka kristale ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Likhoebo li hloka ho khetha tekanyo e nepahetseng ea doping ka mor'a ho lekanya tse peli. Morao tjena, phapang ea theko pakeng tsa thepa e teteaneng le thepa ea cauliflower e tsitsitse ho 3 RMB / kg. Haeba phapang ea theko e ntse e eketseha, lik'hamphani li ka 'na tsa nahana ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa cauliflower ho hula monocrystalline silicon.
3. Tshebetso: Mokhoa oa Siemens o nka karolo e ka sehloohong, 'me tšebeliso ea matla e fetoha senotlolo sa phetoho ea theknoloji
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon e batla e arotsoe ka mehato e 'meli. Mohato oa pele, phofo ea silicon ea indasteri e sebetsa ka anhydrous hydrogen chloride ho fumana trichlorosilane le hydrogen. Ka mor'a hore ho be le distillation khafetsa le ho hloekisa, gaseous trichlorosilane, dichlorodihydrosilicon le Silane; mohato oa bobeli ke ho fokotsa khase e phahameng ea bohloeki e boletsoeng ka holimo ho silicon ea crystalline, 'me mohato oa ho fokotsa o fapane le mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa Siemens le mokhoa oa bethe oa silane fluidized. Mokhoa o ntlafetseng oa Siemens o na le theknoloji ea tlhahiso e hōlileng tsebong le boleng bo phahameng ba sehlahisoa, 'me hona joale ke theknoloji ea tlhahiso e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhahiso ea Siemens ke ho sebelisa chlorine le hydrogen ho kopanya anhydrous hydrogen chloride, hydrogen chloride le silicon ea phofo ea indasteri ho kopanya trichlorosilane ka mocheso o itseng, ebe o arohana, o lokisa le ho hloekisa trichlorosilane. Silicon e kenella karabelo ea phokotso ea mocheso ka seboping sa phokotso ea hydrogen ho fumana silicon ea mantlha e kentsoeng mokokotlong oa silicon. Motheong ona, ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea Siemens e boetse e na le ts'ebetso ea ts'ehetso ea ho nchafatsa lihlahisoa tse ngata tse kang hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, le silicon tetrachloride e hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa phokotso ea khase ea mohatla le tšebeliso ea silicon tetrachloride hape. thekenoloji. Hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, trichlorosilane, le silicon tetrachloride ka khase ea mouoane li arohanngoa ke ho hlaphoheloa ho omileng. Hydrogen le hydrogen chloride li ka sebelisoa hape bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho hloekisa ka trichlorosilane, 'me trichlorosilane e sebelisoa hape ka ho toba ho fokotsa mocheso. Ho hloekisoa ho etsoa ka sebōping, 'me silicon tetrachloride ke hydrogenated ho hlahisa trichlorosilane, e ka sebelisetsoang tlhoekiso. Mohato ona o boetse o bitsoa phekolo ea hydrogenation e batang. Ka ho hlokomela tlhahiso ea potoloho e koetsoeng, likhoebo li ka fokotsa haholo tšebeliso ea thepa e tala le motlakase, ka hona li boloka litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka katleho.
Litsenyehelo tsa ho hlahisa polysilicon ho sebelisa mokhoa o ntlafetseng oa Siemens Chaena o kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse tala, tšebeliso ea matla, ho theoha ha theko, litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa, joalo-joalo Khatelo-pele ea theknoloji indastering e theohile haholo litšenyehelo. Lisebelisoa tse tala li bua haholo ka silicon ea indasteri le trichlorosilane, tšebeliso ea matla e kenyelletsa motlakase le mouoane, 'me litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa li bua ka litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo le tokiso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Baichuan Yingfu mabapi le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon mathoasong a Phuptjane 2022, thepa e tala ke thepa e theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e etsang 41% ea litšenyehelo tsohle, tseo silicon ea indasteri e leng mohloli o ka sehloohong oa silicon. Sesebelisoa sa silicon se sebelisoang hangata indastering se emela palo ea silicon e jeoang ka yuniti ea lihlahisoa tsa silicon tse hloekileng haholo. Mokhoa oa ho bala ke ho fetola lisebelisoa tsohle tse nang le silicon tse kang phofo ea silicon ea indasteri le trichlorosilane hore e be silicon e hloekileng, ebe o ntša chlorosilane e tsoang ka ntle ho latela Palo ea silicon e hloekileng e fetotsoeng ho tloha ho silicon content ratio. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa CPIA, boemo ba tšebeliso ea silicon bo tla theoha ka 0.01 kg / kg-Si ho 1.09 kg / kg-Si ka 2021. Ho lebeletsoe hore ka ntlafatso ea phekolo ea hydrogenation e batang le ho tsosolosoa ha lihlahisoa, ho lebeletsoe hore fokotseha ho 1.07 kg / kg ka 2030. kg-Si. Ho latela lipalo-palo tse sa fellang, tšebeliso ea silicon ea lik'hamphani tse hlano tse holimo tsa China indastering ea polysilicon e tlase ho feta karolelano ea indasteri. Hoa tsebahala hore ba babeli ba bona ba tla ja 1.08 kg / kg-Si le 1.05 kg / kg-Si ka ho latellana ka 2021. Karolo ea bobeli e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke tšebeliso ea matla, e leng karolo ea 32% ka kakaretso, eo motlakase o etsang karolo ea 30 lekholong ea motlakase. kakaretso ea litšenyehelo, e bontšang hore theko ea motlakase le katleho e ntse e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea polysilicon. Lipontšo tse peli tse kholo tsa ho lekanya katleho ea matla ke tšebeliso e felletseng ea matla le tšebeliso ea phokotso ea matla. Tšebeliso ea matla a phokotso e bolela mokhoa oa ho fokotsa trichlorosilane le hydrogen ho hlahisa thepa ea silicon e hloekileng haholo. Tšebeliso ea matla e kenyelletsa silicon core preheating le deposition. , ho boloka mocheso, ho felloa ke moea le ho sebelisa matla a mang a ts'ebetso. Ka 2021, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le ts'ebeliso e felletseng ea matla, karolelano ea matla a matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon e tla fokotseha ka 5.3% selemo le selemo ho isa ho 63kWh/kg-Si, 'me ka karolelano tšebeliso ea matla e tla fokotseha ka 6.1% selemo- ka selemo ho isa ho 46kWh/kg-Si, e lebelletsoeng ho fokotseha ho feta nakong e tlang. . Ho phaella moo, ho theoha ha theko e boetse ke ntho ea bohlokoa ea litšenyehelo, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 17%. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore, ho latela lintlha tsa Baichuan Yingfu, kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon mathoasong a Phuptjane 2022 e ne e ka ba 55,816 yuan/ton, theko e tloaelehileng ea polysilicon 'marakeng e ne e ka ba 260,000 yuan/ton, mme phaello e felletseng e ne e le. ka holimo ho 70% kapa ho feta, kahoo e ile ea hohela palo e kholo ea Likhoebo tse tsetelang kahong ea matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon.
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea hore baetsi ba polysilicon ba fokotse litšenyehelo, e' ngoe ke ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala, 'me e' ngoe ke ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla. Mabapi le lisebelisoa tse tala, bahlahisi ba ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala ka ho saena litumellano tsa tšebelisano-'moho ea nako e telele le baetsi ba li-silicon tsa indasteri, kapa ho haha matla a ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse kopanetsoeng holimo le tlaase. Mohlala, limela tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon ha e le hantle li itšetlehile ka phepelo ea tsona ea silicon ea indasteri. Mabapi le tšebeliso ea motlakase, bahlahisi ba ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa motlakase ka litheko tse tlase tsa motlakase le ntlafatso e felletseng ea tšebeliso ea matla. Hoo e ka bang 70% ea tšebeliso e felletseng ea motlakase ke phokotso ea tšebeliso ea motlakase, 'me phokotso e boetse ke sehokelo sa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea silicon e hloekileng ea kristale e phahameng. Ka hona, boholo ba matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon Chaena bo tsepamisitsoe libakeng tse nang le litheko tse tlase tsa motlakase tse kang Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan le Yunnan. Leha ho le joalo, ka tsoelo-pele ea leano la carbon tse peli, ho thata ho fumana palo e kholo ea mehloli ea matla a theko e tlaase. Ka hona, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla bakeng sa phokotso ke phokotso e ka khonehang haholoanyane kajeno. Tsela. Hajoale, mokhoa o atlehang oa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ke ho eketsa palo ea li-silicon cores ka sebōping sa phokotso, ka hona ho holisa tlhahiso ea yuniti e le 'ngoe. Hona joale, mefuta e tloaelehileng ea ho fokotsa mollo Chaena ke lipara tse 36 tsa lithupa, lipara tse 40 le lipara tse 48. Mofuta oa sebōpi o ntlafatsoa ho lipara tse 60 le lipara tse 72 tsa lithupa, empa ka nako e ts'oanang, o boetse o fana ka litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa boemo ba theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea likhoebo.
Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa o ntlafetseng oa Siemens, mokhoa oa bethe ea silane fluidized o na le melemo e meraro, e 'ngoe ke tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla, e' ngoe ke e phahameng ea ho hula ka kristale, 'me ea boraro ke hore ho molemo ho kopanya le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea CCZ e tsoelang pele ea Czochralski. Ho ea ka lintlha tsa Lekala la Indasteri ea Silicon, tšebeliso e feletseng ea matla ea mokhoa oa bethe ea silane fluidized ke 33.33% ea mokhoa o ntlafetseng oa Siemens, 'me ho fokotsa matla a ho fokotsa matla ke 10% ea mokhoa o ntlafetseng oa Siemens. Mokhoa oa bethe oa silane o na le melemo e mengata ea tšebeliso ea matla. Mabapi le ho hula ka kristale, thepa ea 'mele ea silicon ea granular e ka etsa hore ho be bonolo ho tlatsa crucible ea quartz ka har'a sehokelo se le seng sa kristale ea silicon. Silicon ea polycrystalline le silicon ea granular e ka eketsa matla a ho tjhaja sebopi se le seng ka 29%, ha e ntse e fokotsa nako ea ho tjhaja ka 41%, e ntlafatsa haholo bokhoni ba ho hula ha silicon e le 'ngoe ea kristale. Ho phaella moo, silicon e nang le granular e na le bophara bo fokolang le metsi a matle, a loketseng haholoanyane mokhoa oa CCZ o tsoelang pele oa Czochralski. Hona joale, theknoloji e ka sehloohong ea ho hula kristale e le 'ngoe bohareng le ho fihla ka tlaase ke mokhoa oa RCZ o le mong oa ho lahla kristale, e leng ho fepa hape le ho hula kristale ka mor'a hore molamu o le mong oa silicon o hule. Setšoantšo se etsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe, e bolokang nako ea pholileng ea molamu o le mong oa silicon ea kristale, kahoo katleho ea tlhahiso e phahame. Nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea mokhoa oa CCZ o tsoelang pele oa Czochralski le ona o tla phahamisa tlhoko ea silicon ea granular. Le hoja silicon e nang le granular e na le mefokolo e itseng, e kang phofo e ngata ea silicon e hlahisoang ke khohlano, sebaka se seholo sa holim'a metsi le ho kenngoa habonolo ha litšila, le hydrogen e kopantsoeng ho ba hydrogen nakong ea ho qhibiliha, e leng ho leng bonolo ho baka ho tlōla, empa ho ea ka liphatlalatso tsa morao-rao tsa silicon ea granular. likhoebong, mathata ana a ntse a ntlafatsoa le tsoelo-pele e itseng e entsoe.
Silane fluidized bethe e se e hōlile Europe le United States, 'me e sa le qalong ka mor'a ho kenngoa ha likhoebo tsa Chaena. Hoo e ka bang lilemong tsa bo-1980, silicon e tsoang kantle ho naha e emetsoeng ke REC le MEMC e ile ea qala ho lekola tlhahiso ea silicon ea granular mme ea hlokomela tlhahiso e kholo. Har'a tsona, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea silicon ea granular ea REC e fihlile ho lithane tse 10,500 / selemo ka 2010, 'me ha e bapisoa le balekane ba eona ba Siemens ka nako e tšoanang, e ne e e-na le monyetla oa litšenyehelo tsa bonyane US $ 2-3 / kg. Ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa ho hula ha kristale e le 'ngoe, tlhahiso ea silicon ea granular e ile ea ema 'me qetellong ea emisa tlhahiso,' me ea fetohela khoebong e kopanetsoeng le Chaena ho theha khoebo ea tlhahiso ho kenya letsoho tlhahisong ea silicon ea granular.
4. Lisebelisoa tse tala: Silicone ea indasteri ke thepa ea mantlha, 'me phepelo e ka fihlela litlhoko tsa katoloso ea polysilicon.
Silicon ea indasteri ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa tlhahiso ea polysilicon. Ho lebelletsoe hore tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteri ea China e tla hola butle ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025. Ho tloha 2010 ho isa 2021, tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteri ea China e maemong a katoloso, 'me sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa tlhahiso le tlhahiso se fihla ho 7.4% le 8.6%, ka ho latellana. . Ho latela lintlha tsa SMM, tse sa tsoa eketsehamatla a tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteriChaena e tla ba lithane tse 890,000 le lithane tse limilione tse 1.065 ka 2022 le 2023. Ho nka hore lik'hamphani tsa silicon tsa indasteri li ntse li tla boloka sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea matla le sekhahla sa ts'ebetso se ka bang 60% nakong e tlang, China e sa tsoa eketseha.bokhoni ba tlhahiso ka 2022 le 2023 bo tla tlisa keketseho ea lithane tse 320,000 le lithane tse 383,000. Ho latela likhakanyo tsa GFCI,Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteri ea China ka 22/23/24/25 ke hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 5.90/697/6.71/6.5, tse tsamaellanang le lithane tse limilione tse 3.55/391/4.18/4.38.
Sekhahla sa kholo ea libaka tse peli tse setseng tse tlase tsa silicon ea liindasteri e batlang e lieha, 'me tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteri ea China e ka kopana le tlhahiso ea polysilicon. Ka 2021, matla a tlhahiso ea silicon ea indasteri ea China e tla ba lithane tse limilione tse 5.385, tse tsamaellanang le tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 3.213, tseo polysilicon, organic silicon le alloys ea aluminium li tla ja lithane tse 623,000, lithane tse 898,000 le lithane tse 649,000 ka ho latellana. Ho feta moo, hoo e ka bang lithane tse 780,000 tsa tlhahiso li sebelisoa bakeng sa Export. Ka 2021, tšebeliso ea polysilicon, silicon ea tlhaho, le alloys ea aluminium e tla ikarabella bakeng sa 19%, 28%, le 20% ea silicon ea indasteri, ka ho latellana. Ho tloha ka 2022 ho isa ho 2025, sekhahla sa kholo ea tlhahiso ea silicon e lebelletsoe ho lula e le 10%, mme sekhahla sa kholo ea tlhahiso ea alloy ea aluminium se tlase ho 5%. Ka hona, re lumela hore palo ea silicon ea indasteri e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa polysilicon ka 2022-2025 e batla e lekane, e ka finyellang litlhoko tsa polysilicon ka botlalo. litlhoko tsa tlhahiso.
5. Phepelo ea polysilicon:Chinae nka boemo bo ka sehloohong, 'me tlhahiso butle-butle e bokellana ho likhoebo tse etellang pele
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polysilicon e eketsehile selemo le selemo, 'me butle-butle e bokana Chaena. Ho tloha 2017 ho isa 2021, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea polysilicon e nyolohile ho tloha ho lithane tse 432,000 ho isa ho lithane tse 631,000, ka kholo e potlakileng ka 2021, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea 21.11%. Nakong ena, tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea lefats'e e ile ea kenella butle-butle Chaena, 'me karolo ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea Chaena e ile ea eketseha ho tloha 56.02% ka 2017 ho ea ho 80.03% ka 2021. e fumane hore palo ea lik'hamphani tsa Machaena e eketsehile ho tloha 4 ho isa ho 8, le karolo ea matla a tlhahiso ea batho ba bang ba Amerika le Korea. lik'hamphani li theohile haholo, li oela ho tsoa ho lihlopha tse leshome tse phahameng, tse kang HEMOLOCK , OCI, REC le MEMC; indasteri ea mahloriso e eketsehile haholo, 'me kakaretso ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea lik'hamphani tse leshome tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa indastering e eketsehile ho tloha ho 57,7% ho ea ho 90,3%. Ka 2021, ho na le lik'hamphani tse hlano tsa Machaena tse ikarabellang ho feta 10% ea matla a tlhahiso, tse etsang kakaretso ea 65.7%. . Ho na le mabaka a mararo a mantlha a ho fetisetsoa butle-butle ha indasteri ea polysilicon ho ea Chaena. Taba ea pele, baetsi ba polysilicon ba Machaena ba na le melemo e meholo mabapi le lisebelisoa tse tala, motlakase le litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi. Meputso ea basebetsi e tlase ho feta ea linaha tsa kantle ho naha, kahoo theko ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso naheng ea China e tlase haholo ho feta ea linaha tsa kantle ho naha, 'me e tla tsoela pele ho theoha ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji; ea bobeli, boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa Chaena tsa polysilicon li lula li ntlafala, tseo boholo ba tsona li leng boemong ba boemo ba pele ba letsatsi, 'me likhoebo tse tsoetseng pele ka bomong li le litlhoko tsa bohloeki. Ho entsoe lintlafatso thekenolojing ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea boemo bo holimo ba elektroniki, butle-butle ea kenya letsoho ho nkela thepa ea lapeng sebaka sa polysilicon ea mofuta oa elektroniki bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, 'me likhoebo tse etelletseng pele tsa China li nts'etsapele ka mafolofolo kaho ea merero ea polysilicon ea boemo ba elektroniki. Sehlahisoa sa li-wafers tsa silicon naheng ea China se feta 95% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e, e ntseng e eketsa butle-butle sekhahla sa ho ikemela ha polysilicon bakeng sa China, e hatelitseng 'maraka oa likhoebo tsa polysilicon tsa mose ho maoatle ho isa tekanyong e itseng.
Ho tloha ka 2017 ho isa ho 2021, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea polysilicon naheng ea Chaena e tla eketseha butle-butle, haholo-holo libakeng tse ruileng ka mehloli ea matla e kang Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia le Sichuan. Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea China ea polysilicon e tla eketseha ho tloha ho lithane tse 392,000 ho isa ho lithane tse 505,000, keketseho ea 28.83%. Mabapi le matla a tlhahiso, matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea China ka kakaretso a ntse a le maemong a holimo, empa a theohile ka 2020 ka lebaka la ho koaloa ha bahlahisi ba bang. Ntle le moo, sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea bokhoni ba likhoebo tsa China polysilicon e ntse e eketseha ho tloha ka 2018, mme sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea bokhoni ka 2021 se tla fihla ho 97.12%. Mabapi le liprofinse, tlhahiso ea China ea polysilicon ka 2021 e tsepamisitsoe haholo libakeng tse nang le litheko tse tlase tsa motlakase joalo ka Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia le Sichuan. Tlhahiso ea Xinjiang ke lithane tse 270,400, e leng karolo e fetang halofo ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea Chaena.
Indasteri ea polysilicon ea Chaena e khetholloa ka tekanyo e phahameng ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo, e nang le boleng ba CR6 ea 77%, 'me ho tla ba le mokhoa o mong oa holimo nakong e tlang. Tlhahiso ea Polysilicon ke indasteri e nang le chelete e ngata le lithibelo tse phahameng tsa tekheniki. Potoloho ea kaho le tlhahiso ea projeke hangata ke lilemo tse peli kapa ho feta. Ho thata ho bahlahisi ba bacha ho kena indastering. Ho latela katoloso e reriloeng e reriloeng le merero e mecha lilemong tse tharo tse tlang, bahlahisi ba oligopolistic indastering ba tla tsoela pele ho holisa bokhoni ba bona ba tlhahiso ka lebaka la theknoloji ea bona le melemo ea bona, 'me boemo ba bona ba ho laola bo tla tsoela pele ho phahama.
Ho hakanngoa hore phepelo ea polysilicon ea China e tla tlisa kholo e kholo ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025, mme tlhahiso ea polysilicon e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.194 ka 2025, e leng ho tsamaisang katoloso ea sekala sa tlhahiso ea polysilicon lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka 2021, ka ho phahama ho hoholo ha theko ea polysilicon Chaena, bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba tsetetse kahong ea mela e mecha ea tlhahiso, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ba hohela baetsi ba bacha hore ba kene khoebong. Kaha merero ea polysilicon e tla nka bonyane selemo le halofo ho isa ho tse peli ho tloha kahong ho isa tlhahisong, kaho e ncha ka 2021 e tla phethoa. Hangata matla a tlhahiso a kenngoa tlhahisong karolong ea bobeli ea 2022 le 2023. Sena se lumellana haholo le merero e mecha ea morero e phatlalalitsoeng ke bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong hona joale. Matla a macha a tlhahiso ka 2022-2025 a tsepamisitsoe haholo-holo ka 2022 le 2023. Ka mor'a moo, ha phepelo le tlhokahalo ea polysilicon le theko li ntse li tsitsisa butle-butle, matla a kakaretso a tlhahiso ea indasteri a tla tsitsa butle-butle. Ho theosa, ke hore, sekhahla sa kholo ea matla a tlhahiso se fokotseha butle-butle. Ho feta moo, sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea matla a likhoebo tsa polysilicon se lutse se le maemong a holimo lilemong tse peli tse fetileng, empa ho tla nka nako hore matla a tlhahiso ea merero e mecha e hole, 'me ho tla nka ts'ebetso hore ba kenang ba bacha ba tsebe. thekenoloji e loketseng ea ho lokisetsa. Ka hona, sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea bokhoni ba merero e mecha ea polysilicon lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang e tla ba tlase. Ho tloha ho sena, tlhahiso ea polysilicon ka 2022-2025 e ka boleloa esale pele, mme tlhahiso ea polysilicon ka 2025 e lebelletsoe ho ba lithane tse limilione tse 1.194.
Tekanyo ea matla a tlhahiso ea mose ho maoatle e batla e phahame, 'me sekhahla le lebelo la ho eketseha ha tlhahiso lilemong tse tharo tse tlang li ke ke tsa ba holimo ho feta tsa Chaena. Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea polysilicon mose ho maoatle bo tsepamisitsoe haholo lik'hamphaning tse 'ne tse etellang pele,' me tse ling kaofela ke tse nyane haholo tsa tlhahiso. Mabapi le matla a tlhahiso, Wacker Chem e nka halofo ea matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon mose ho maoatle. Lifeme tsa eona tsa Jeremane le United States li na le matla a tlhahiso ea lithane tse 60,000 le lithane tse 20,000 ka ho latellana. Katoloso e matla ea matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2022 le ho feta e ka tlisa Ho tšoenyeha ka tlatsetso e feteletseng, k'hamphani e ntse e le maemong a ho leta le ho bona 'me ha e so rera ho eketsa tlhahiso e ncha. South Korean polysilicon giant OCI butle-butle e fetisetsa mohala oa eona oa tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea solar-grade ho ea Malaysia ha e ntse e boloka mohala oa pele oa tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea elektronike Chaena, o reriloeng ho fihla ho lithane tse 5,000 ka 2022. Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea OCI Malaysia bo tla fihla ho lithane tse 27,000 le 30,000 lithane ka 2020 le 2021, ho fihlela litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tšebeliso ea matla le ho qoba litefiso tse phahameng tsa China ho polysilicon United States le Korea Boroa. Khamphani e rera ho hlahisa lithane tse 95,000 empa letsatsi la ho qala ha le hlake. E lebelletsoe ho eketseha ka tekanyo ea lithane tse 5,000 ka selemo lilemong tse 'ne tse tlang. Khamphani ea Norway ea REC e na le metheo e 'meli ea tlhahiso naheng ea Washington le Montana, USA, e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo a lithane tse 18,000 tsa polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi le lithane tse 2,000 tsa polysilicon ea boemo ba elektronike. REC, e neng e le mahlomoleng a maholo a lichelete, e ile ea khetha ho emisa tlhahiso, 'me ea khothaletsoa ke ho phahama ha litheko tsa polysilicon ka 2021, k'hamphani e nkile qeto ea ho qala tlhahiso ea lithane tse 18,000 tsa merero seterekeng sa Washington le lithane tse 2,000 Montana bofelong ba 2023. , 'me e ka phethela ramp-up ea matla a tlhahiso ka 2024. Hemlock ke moetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa polysilicon United States. States, e ikhethang ka polysilicon ea boemo bo holimo ba elektroniki. Litšitiso tsa theknoloji e phahameng tsa tlhahiso li etsa hore ho be thata hore lihlahisoa tsa k'hamphani li nkeloe sebaka ke 'marakeng. E kopantsoe le taba ea hore k'hamphani ha e rere ho haha liporojeke tse ncha nakong ea lilemo tse 'maloa, ho lebelletsoe hore matla a tlhahiso ea k'hamphani e tla ba 2022-2025. Sephetho sa selemo se ntse se le lithane tse 18,000. Ho feta moo, ka 2021, matla a macha a tlhahiso ea lik'hamphani ntle le lik'hamphani tse 'nè tse ka holimo e tla ba lithane tse 5,000. Ka lebaka la ho hloka kutloisiso ea merero ea tlhahiso ea lik'hamphani tsohle, ho nahanoa mona hore matla a macha a tlhahiso e tla ba lithane tse 5,000 ka selemo ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025.
Ho latela bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea mose ho maoatle, ho hakanngoa hore tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea mose ho maoatle ka 2025 e tla ba lithane tse ka bang 176,000, ho nka hore sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea matla a tlhahiso ea polysilicon mose ho maoatle e ntse e sa fetohe. Kamora hore theko ea polysilicon e nyolohe haholo ka 2021, lik'hamphani tsa China li ekelitse tlhahiso le tlhahiso e atolositsoeng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lik'hamphani tsa mose ho maoatle li hlokolosi haholoanyane mererong ea tsona ea merero e mecha. Sena ke hobane puso ea indasteri ea polysilicon e se e ntse e le taolong ea Chaena, 'me tlhahiso e ntseng e eketseha ka bofofu e ka tlisa tahlehelo. Ho tloha lehlakoreng la litšenyehelo, tšebeliso ea matla ke karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea litšenyehelo tsa polysilicon, kahoo theko ea motlakase e bohlokoa haholo, 'me Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan le libaka tse ling li na le melemo e totobetseng. Ho tloha lehlakoreng la tlhokeho, joalo ka karolo e ka tlase ea polysilicon, tlhahiso ea silicon ea China e etsa karolo e fetang 99% ea kakaretso ea lefats'e. Indasteri e tlase ea polysilicon e tsepamisitsoe haholo China. Theko ea polysilicon e hlahisoang e tlase, litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang li tlase, 'me tlhoko e tiisitsoe ka botlalo. Taba ea bobeli, China e behile litefiso tse batlang li le holimo tse khahlanong le ho lahlela thepa ho tsoa kantle ho naha ea polysilicon ea boemo ba solar ho tsoa United States le Korea Boroa, e hatelitseng haholo tšebeliso ea polysilicon ho tsoa United States le Korea Boroa. E-ba hlokolosi ha u haha merero e mecha; Ho feta moo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, likhoebo tsa China tsa mose ho maoatle tsa polysilicon li liehile ho nts'etsapele ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea litefiso, 'me mela e meng ea tlhahiso e fokotsehile kapa ea koaloa,' me karolo ea bona tlhahisong ea lefats'e e ntse e fokotseha selemo le selemo. e ke ke ea bapisoa le ho phahama ha litheko tsa polysilicon ka 2021 e le phaello e phahameng ea k'hamphani ea Chaena, maemo a lichelete ha a lekane ho tšehetsa katoloso ea eona e potlakileng le e kholo ea matla a tlhahiso.
Ho ipapisitsoe le likhakanyo tse fapaneng tsa tlhahiso ea polysilicon naheng ea China le mose ho maoatle ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025, boleng bo boletsoeng esale pele ba tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea lefats'e bo ka akaretsoa. Ho hakanngoa hore tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polysilicon ka 2025 e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.371. Ho latela boleng ba ponelopele ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon, karolo ea China ea karolo ea lefats'e e ka fumaneha hoo e ka bang. Ho lebelletsoe hore karolo ea China e tla hola butle butle ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025, mme e tla feta 87% ka 2025.
6, Kakaretso le Outlook
Polysilicon e fumaneha tlase ho silicon ea indasteri le holimo ho ketane eohle ea indasteri ea photovoltaic le semiconductor, 'me boemo ba eona ke ba bohlokoa haholo. Ketane ea indasteri ea photovoltaic hangata ke polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic e kentsoeng, 'me ketane ea indasteri ea semiconductor hangata ke polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng mabapi le bohloeki ba polysilicon. Indasteri ea photovoltaic haholo-holo e sebelisa polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi, 'me indasteri ea semiconductor e sebelisa polysilicon ea boemo ba elektroniki. Ea pele e na le mefuta ea bohloeki ea 6N-8N, athe ea morao-rao e hloka bohloeki ba 9N kapa ho feta.
Ka lilemo tse ngata, mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhahiso ea polysilicon e bile mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng oa Siemens lefatšeng ka bophara. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lik'hamphani tse ling li 'nile tsa hlahloba ka matla mokhoa oa bethe ea silane fluidized, e ka bang le tšusumetso ho mokhoa oa tlhahiso. Polysilicon e entsoeng ka molamu e hlahisoang ke mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa Siemens o na le litšobotsi tsa tšebeliso e matla ea matla, theko e phahameng le bohloeki bo phahameng, ha silicon e nyenyane e hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa bethe ea silane e nang le metsi e na le litšobotsi tsa tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla, theko e tlaase le bohloeki bo batlang bo le tlaase. . Lik'hamphani tse ling tsa Machaena li hlokometse tlhahiso e kholo ea silicon ea granular le theknoloji ea ho sebelisa silicon ea granular ho hula polysilicon, empa ha e e-s'o khothalletsoe haholo. Hore na silicon ea granular e ka nka sebaka sa pele nakong e tlang ho latela hore na molemo oa litšenyehelo o ka koahela bofokoli ba boleng, phello ea lits'ebetso tse tlase, le ntlafatso ea polokeho ea silane. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polysilicon e eketsehile selemo le selemo, 'me butle-butle e bokana hammoho Chaena. Ho tloha 2017 ho ea ho 2021, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea polysilicon e tla eketseha ho tloha ho lithane tse 432,000 ho ea ho lithane tse 631,000, ka khōlo e potlakileng ka ho fetisisa ka 2021. Nakong eo, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polysilicon butle-butle e ile ea eketseha ho ea Chaena, 'me karolo ea Chaena ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon e ile ea eketseha ho tloha 56.02% ka 2017 ho isa ho 80.03% ka 2021. Ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025, phepelo ea polysilicon e tla tlisa kholo e kholo. Ho hakanngoa hore tlhahiso ea polysilicon ka 2025 e tla ba lithane tse limilione tse 1.194 Chaena, 'me tlhahiso ea mose ho maoatle e tla fihla ho lithane tse 176,000. Ka hona, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polysilicon ka 2025 e tla ba lithane tse limilione tse 1.37.
(Sengoloa sena ke sa litšupiso tsa bareki ba UrbanMines' mme ha se emele likeletso tsa matsete)