Boron carbide ke kristale e ntšo e nang le metallic luster, e tsejoang hape e le daemane e ntšo, eo e leng ea thepa ea inorganic non-metallic. Hona joale, motho e mong le e mong o tloaelane le thepa ea boron carbide, e ka 'nang ea e-ba ka lebaka la ho sebelisoa ha lihlomo tsa bulletproof, hobane e na le sekhahla se tlaase ka ho fetisisa har'a lisebelisoa tsa ceramic, e na le melemo ea modulus e phahameng ea elastic le boima bo phahameng,' me e ka finyella tšebeliso e ntle. ea micro-fracture ho monya projectiles. Phello ea matla, ha u ntse u boloka mojaro o le tlase kamoo ho ka khonehang. Empa ha e le hantle, boron carbide e na le lintho tse ling tse ngata tse ikhethang, tse ka etsang hore e be le karolo ea bohlokoa ho li-abrasives, lisebelisoa tsa refractory, indasteri ea nyutlelie, sefofane le masimo a mang.
Thepa eaboron carbide
Mabapi le thepa ea 'mele, ho thatafala ha boron carbide ke feela ka mor'a daemane le cubic boron nitride,' me e ntse e ka boloka matla a phahameng ka mocheso o phahameng, o ka sebelisoang e le thepa e loketseng ea ho apara mocheso o phahameng; boima ba boron carbide bo nyane haholo (tekanyo ea theory ke 2.52 g / cm3 feela), e bobebe ho feta lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ceramic, 'me e ka sebelisoa tšimong ea sefofane; boron carbide e na le matla a matla a ho monya nyutrone, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, le ntlha e qhibilihang ea 2450 ° C, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea nyutlelie. Bokhoni ba ho monya nyutrone ba nyutrone bo ka ntlafatsoa ho ea pele ka ho eketsa likarolo tsa B; lisebelisoa tsa boron carbide tse nang le morphology le sebopeho se ikhethileng le tsona li na le thepa e khethehileng ea photoelectric; ho phaella moo, boron carbide e na le sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha, modulus e phahameng ea elastic, coefficient e tlaase ea ho atolosa le e ntle Melemo ena e etsa hore e be lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang likarolong tse ngata tse kang metallurgy, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, mechine, sefofane le indasteri ea sesole. Mohlala, likarolo tse sa jeng le tse sa senyeheng, tse etsang lihlomo tse thibelang likulo, lithupa tse laolang merafo le likarolo tsa thermoelectric, jj.
Mabapi le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, boron carbide ha e sebetsane le li-acids, alkalis le metsoako e mengata e sa tsitsang mocheso oa kamore, 'me ha e sebetse ka oksijene le likhase tsa halogen mocheso oa motsoako,' me lik'hemik'hale tsa eona li tsitsitse. Ho phaella moo, boron carbide phofo e kenngoa ke halogen e le sesebelisoa sa tšepe, 'me boron e kenngoa holim'a tšepe ho etsa filimi ea tšepe ea tšepe, kahoo e matlafatsa matla le ho apara ho hanyetsa thepa,' me lik'hemik'hale tsa eona li ntle haholo.
Kaofela rea tseba hore mofuta oa thepa o etsa qeto ea ho sebelisoa, kahoo ke lits'ebetsong life moo boron carbide phofo e nang le ts'ebetso e ikhethang?Baenjiniere ba setsi sa R&D saUrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. e entse kakaretso e latelang.
Kopo eaboron carbide
1. Boron carbide e sebelisoa e le abrasive polishing
Tšebeliso ea boron carbide e le abrasive e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho sila le ho bentša sapphire. Har'a lisebelisoa tse thata haholo, ho thatafala ha boron carbide ho molemo ho feta ha aluminium oxide le silicon carbide, ea bobeli ho ea ka daemane le cubic boron nitride. Sapphire ke sesebelisoa sa substrate se loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diode (LED), li-circuits tse kholo tse kopaneng tsa SOI le SOS, le lifilimi tsa superconducting nanostructure. Boreleli ba bokaholimo bo phahame haholo 'me bo tlameha ho ba bo-ultra-boreleli Ha ho na tekanyo ea tšenyo. Ka lebaka la matla a phahameng le boima bo phahameng ba kristale ea safire (Mohs hardness 9), e tlisitse mathata a maholo ho sebetsana le likhoebo.
Ho latela pono ea lisebelisoa le ho sila, lisebelisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho sebetsa le ho sila likristale tsa safire ke daemane ea maiketsetso, boron carbide, silicon carbide le silicon dioxide. Ho thatafala ha daemane ea maiketsetso ho phahame haholo (Mohs hardness 10) ha u sila sephaphatha sa safire, se tla senya bokaholimo, se ama phetiso ea khanya ea sephaphatha, 'me theko e theko e boima; ka mor'a ho khaola silicon carbide, RA e bohlasoa hangata e phahame 'me ho bata ha hoa fokola; Leha ho le joalo, ho thatafala ha silika ha hoa lekana (Mohs hardness 7), 'me matla a ho sila a futsanehile, a nkang nako le mosebetsi o boima mosebetsing oa ho sila. Ka hona, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) e fetohile thepa e loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho sebetsa le ho sila likristale tsa safire, 'me e na le ts'ebetso e babatsehang ea ho sila ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a liphaephe tsa safire le ho fokotsa mokokotlo le ho bentša liphaephe tsa epitaxial tsa LED tse thehiloeng ho safire.
Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore ha boron carbide e ka holimo ho 600 ° C, bokaholimo bo tla kenngoa ka filimi ea B2O3, e tla nolofatsa ho isa tekanyong e itseng, kahoo ha e tšoanelehe bakeng sa ho sila ka mokhoa o omileng ka mocheso o phahameng haholo lits'ebetsong tsa abrasive, tse loketseng feela. bakeng sa ho bentsha metsi a sila. Leha ho le joalo, thepa ena e thibela B4C hore e se ke ea e-ba le oxidized ho ea pele, e etsa hore e be le melemo e ikhethang ts'ebelisong ea thepa ea refractory.
2. Kopo ka thepa ea refractory
Boron carbide e na le litšobotsi tsa anti-oxidation le ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa mohanyetsi tse nang le sebopeho se tsoetseng pele le tse se nang sebopeho, 'me e sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a fapaneng a metallurgy, joalo ka litofo tsa tšepe le thepa ea ka tlung.
Ka litlhoko tsa ho boloka matla le phokotso ea tšebeliso indastering ea tšepe le tšepe le ho qhibilihisoa ha tšepe e nang le khabone e tlase le tšepe ea khabone e tlase haholo, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea litene tsa khabone ea magnesia-carbon e tlase (ka kakaretso <8% ea khabone) ka tshebetso e babatsehang e hohetse tlhokomelo e eketsehileng le ho feta ho tsoa liindasteri tsa malapeng le linaheng tse ling. Hajoale, ts'ebetso ea litene tsa khabone ea magnesia-carbon hangata e ntlafatsoa ka ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa khabone e kopantsoeng, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa matrix sa litene tsa khabone ea magnesia, le ho eketsa li-antioxidants tse sebetsang hantle haholo. Har'a tsona, ho sebelisoa khabone e entsoeng ka boron carbide ea boemo ba indasteri le karolo e 'ngoe ea graphitized carbon black e sebelisoa. Phofo e entsoeng ka motsoako o motšo, e sebelisoang e le mohloli oa carbon le antioxidant bakeng sa litene tse tlaase tsa carbon magnesia-carbon, e fihletse liphello tse ntle.
Kaha boron carbide e tla nolofatsa ho isa tekanyong e itseng mochesong o phahameng, e ka kopanngoa le holim'a likaroloana tse ling tsa thepa. Esita le haeba sehlahisoa se le densified, filimi ea B2O3 oxide e holim'a metsi e ka etsa tšireletso e itseng 'me ea bapala karolo e khahlanong le oxidation. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hobane likristale tsa columnar tse hlahisoang ke karabelo li ajoa ka har'a matrix le likheo tsa thepa ea refractory, porosity e fokotsehile, matla a mocheso a mahareng a ntlafatsoa, 'me molumo oa likristale tse hlahisitsoeng lia atoloha, tse ka folisang molumo. ho honyela le ho fokotsa mapetsong.
3. Lisebelisoa tse sa keneleng likulo tse sebelisoang ho matlafatsa tšireletso ea naha
Ka lebaka la boima ba eona bo phahameng, matla a phahameng, matla a khoheli a manyenyane, le boemo bo phahameng ba ho hanyetsa ballistic, boron carbide e lumellana ka ho khetheha le mokhoa oa thepa e bobebe ea likulo. Ke thepa e molemo ka ho fetisisa e thibelang likulo bakeng sa ho sireletsa lifofane, likoloi, lihlomo le 'mele ea batho; hajoale,Linaha tse lingba hlahisitse lipatlisiso tsa theko e tlase tsa lihlomo tsa boron carbide tse khahlanong le ballistic, ka sepheo sa ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso e kholo ea lihlomo tsa boron carbide tse khahlanong le ballistic indastering ea ts'ireletso.
4. Kopo indastering ea nyutlelie
Boron carbide e na le karolo e phahameng ya ho monya neutron le mahlahahlaha a matla a neutron, mme e amohelwa matjhabeng e le mohanyi o hlwahlwa ka ho fetisisa wa nyutrone bakeng sa indasteri ya nyutrone. Har'a tsona, karolo ea mocheso ea boron-10 isotope e phahame ho 347 × 10-24 cm2, ea bobeli feela ho likarolo tse 'maloa tse kang gadolinium, samarium le cadmium,' me ke mochine o sebetsang hantle oa neutron. Ho phaella moo, boron carbide e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata, e thibela ho bola, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, ha e hlahise li-isotopes tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi, 'me e na le matla a tlaase a mahlaseli a kotsi, kahoo boron carbide e sebelisoa haholo e le lisebelisoa tsa ho laola le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang lihlahisoa tsa nyutlelie.
Mohlala, indastering ea nyutlelie, mochini o futhumatsang mocheso o phahameng oa khase o sebelisa mokhoa oa ho koala bolo e monyang boron joalo ka mokhoa oa bobeli oa ho koala. Tabeng ea kotsi, ha tsamaiso ea pele ea ho koala e hlōleha, tsamaiso ea bobeli ea ho koala e sebelisa palo e kholo ea li-pellets tsa boron carbide Free oela ka har'a mocha o bonahatsang oa mokokotlo oa reactor, joalo-joalo, ho koala mochine le ho hlokomela serame. shutdown, moo bolo e monyang e leng bolo ea graphite e nang le boron carbide. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa boron carbide core ka mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso o pholileng oa khase ke ho laola matla le polokeho ea mochine. Setene sa carbon se kenngoe ka thepa e monyang ea boron carbide neutron, e ka fokotsang mahlaseli a neutron a sekepe sa khatello ea reactor.
Hona joale, lisebelisoa tsa boride bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale tsa nyutlelie haholo-holo li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse latelang: boron carbide (lithupa tsa taolo, lithupa tsa tšireletso), boric acid (moderator, coolant), tšepe ea boron (lithupa tsa taolo le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo bakeng sa mafura a nyutlelie le litšila tsa nyutlelie), boron Europium. (thepa ea chefo ea mantlha e chesoang), jj.