Boron: Ho tloha ho Thepa ea Motheo ho ea ho Core ea Theknoloji e Phahameng - Ho Sekaseka Ts'ebeliso e Nepahetseng ea Boron e Hloekileng ka ho Fetisisa ho Li-semiconductor le Masimong a Tsoetseng Pele
Mafapheng a theknoloji e phahameng a phehellang meeli e menyenyane le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, likarolo tse itseng tsa motheo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa.Boron,Letšoao la karolo B, nomoro ea 5 ea athomo, ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse joalo. Metalloid ena, e fumanehang feela metsoakong ea tlhaho, e fetohile "karolo ea bohlokoa" ea bohlokoa masimong a kang li-semiconductor, thepa e tsoetseng pele, le indasteri ea nyutlelie ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang sa elektroniki le thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale.
1. “Batsebi ba Mesebetsi e Meholo” ba Indasteri ea Semiconductor: Ho Sebelisa Doping ka Nepahalo le Kholo ea Crystal
Indastering ea semiconductor, bohlokoa ba boron ea kristale e hloekileng haholo bo itšetlehile ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho laola ho nepahala bo sa bapisoeng le letho.
Lejoe la motheo la ho sebelisa doping ea mofuta oa P: Tšebeliso ea mantlha ea Boron ke dopant ea mofuta oa P. Silicon (Si) ke mosebetsi o sa hanyetsoeng oa thepa ea semiconductor, empa ka tlhaho ha e sebetse hantle. Ha liathomo tsa boron li kenngoa ka nepo ka har'a lattice ea silicon ka mekhoa e kang ho kenngoa ha ion kapa ho hasana ha mocheso o phahameng, khetla e ka ntle ea boron e na le lielektrone tse tharo feela, ha e bapisoa le lielektrone tse 'ne tsa silicon. Sena se etsa "lesoba" le ka amohelang le ho jara lielektrone, 'me ka katleho le theha semiconductor ea mofuta oa P. Ts'ebetso ena ea "ho sebelisa doping" ke ea bohlokoa kahong ea khokahanyo ea PN - motheo oa kaho oa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa semiconductor, ho kenyeletsoa li-diode, li-transistors le thyristors.
Senotlolo sa disebediswa tsa motlakase le ho lekanya: Disebedisweng tsa motlakase tse tlamehang ho mamella di-voltage tse phahameng le maqhubu a phahameng (jwalo ka di-IGBT le di-MOSFET tsa motlakase), di-wafer tsa silicon tse nang le boron-doped (hangata sebakeng se nang le kganyetso e phahameng) di laola kabo ya tshimo ya motlakase ka katleho mme di ntlafatsa motlakase wa sesebediswa o mamellang. Ho feta moo, di-node tse tswetseng pele tsa tshebetso, ho thehwa ha di-junction tse sa tebang haholo ho hloka ho nepahala ho hoholo ha doping. Boron, ka lebaka la radius ya yona e nyane ya athomo, e nolofalletsa taolo e ntle ya doping, e fihlelang ditlhoko tsa disebediswa tsa nanoscale.
Mohlodi wa thepa bakeng sa kgolo ya kristale e le nngwe: Ntle le ho sebedisa doping, kristale boron e boetse e sebediswa e le mohlodi wa thepa bakeng sa ho hodisa boron-dopedsiliconlikristale tse le 'ngoe ka mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha. Mokhoa ona o hlahisa li-ingot tsa silicon tse nang le conductivity ea mofuta oa P e ts'oanang ho pholletsa le wafer eohle, e leng motheo oa tlhahiso e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor tse tsitsitseng haholo.
2. Ka Nģ'ane ho Li-semiconductor: Tshebetso e Ikhethang ya Boron Mafapheng a Mangata
Tšebeliso ea Boron e feta hole li-semiconductor; metsoako ea eona le li-isotope lia khanya masimong a mangata a tsoetseng pele.
Lisebelisoa tse Tsoetseng Pele tsa Sebopeho: Bothata bo phahameng haholo ba Boron (bothata ba Mohs 9.5) bo etsa hore e be thepa e loketseng bakeng sa ho matlafatsa. Likhoele tsa Boron le liserami tsa boride ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea thepa e kopaneng e matla haholo, e bobebe, e sebelisoang haholo lifofaneng, lisebelisoa tsa lipapali tse sebetsang hantle le masimong a mang.
Khalase le Diseramiki tse Ikgethang: Tlhahisong ya khalase, ho eketsoa ha boron oxide ho fokotsa haholo coefficient ya katoloso ya mocheso, ho fana ka kganyetso e ntle ya ho tshoha ha mocheso. Khalase ena ya borosilicate ke kgetho e kgethwang bakeng sa disebediswa tsa laboratori (tse kang dibeakers tse hanelang mocheso) le dijana tsa ho pheha tsa maemo a hodimo. Ka ho tshwanang, ho eketswa ha metswako ya boron ho diseramiki ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba tsona ba mocheso le matla a mechini.
Ho tshwarwa ha neutron le indasteri ya nyutlelie: Boron ya tlhaho e na le hoo e ka bang 20% ya isotope ya boron-10, e nang le karolo e kgolo haholo ya ho tshwarwa ha neutron ya mocheso. Thepa ena e etsa hore boron-10 (hangata e le ka sebopeho sa boron carbide kapa boric acid) e be thepa ya taolo ya bohlokwa, thepa ya ho sireletsa neutron, le sesebediswa sa polokeho bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa ho thiba tshohanyetso di-reactor tsa nyutlelie.
Ho Kopanya Dintho tsa Tlhaho le Meriana: Mafapheng a matle a dikhemikhale le meriana, di-reagent tse nang le boron (tse kang di-boronic acid le di-ester tsa boronic) ke di-intermediate tsa bohlokwa bakeng sa ho aha dibofo tsa khabone-khabone le khabone-heteroatom, haholoholo dikarabelong tsa ho kopanya tsa Suzuki-Miyaura. Palo e ntseng e eketseha ya dimolek'hule tsa tlhaho tse nang le boron e ntse e ntshetswa pele e le meriana e metjha. Mohlala, di-inhibitor tse ding tsa proteasome di fetohile kalafo ya bohlokwa ya ho lwantsha kankere.
3. Boleng ke motheo oa theknoloji: phepelo e tšepahalang e tsoang Chaena
Ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tse pharalletseng le tse hlokang boiteko bo boholo tsa theknoloji e phahameng, litlhoko tsa boron ea boron ea boron li fihlile maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho ba le botsitso, ho tsitsa le sebopeho se itseng (joalo ka boholo ba likaroloana le sebopeho sa kristale).
UrbanMines Tech., moetsi ea ka sehloohong le mofani oa thepa ea boron e hloekileng haholo Chaena, o utloisisa ka botebo tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ea thepa ea thepa lihlahisoa tse ka tlase ho molapo. Re sebelisa mela ea rona ea tlhahiso e ikemetseng le e laoloang, re ikhethile ka ho fana ka boron e hloekileng haholo le e se nang mofetše ea semiconductor, hammoho le metsoako e fapaneng ea boron e etselitsoeng bareki lefatšeng ka bophara.
Re lumela ka tieo hore ke lihlahisoa tse phethahetseng feela tse ka fihlelang litlhoko tsa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele. Ka hona, re ikemiselitse ho sebetsa haufi-ufi le balekane ba lefats'e ba R&D le ba tlhahiso ho sutumelletsa meeli ea theknoloji hammoho, ho tloha ho li-chip ho ea ho eneji e hloekileng, ka ho fana ka litharollo tsa boron tse sebetsang hantle, tse tsitsitseng le tse tšepahalang.