Warshadaha dhalada, noocyo kala duwan oo ah xeryahooda bir ee birta ah, xeryahooda biraha yar yar, iyo xeryahooda dhulka oo dhif ah ayaa loo istcimaalayaa inay yihiin waxyaabo kale oo lagu daro ama isbarbardhiga si loo gaaro astaamo gaar ah, jireed, ama kiimiko ah. Iyada oo ku saleysan tiro badan oo ah kiisaska macaamiisha ee macaamiisha, kooxda farsamada iyo horumarka ee farsamada magaalooyinka. Xaddidan ayaa la kala saaray oo kala soocay xeryahooda ugu muhiimsan ee soosocda iyo isticmaalkooda:
1. Xeeruudaha dhulka ee dhif ah
1.Carium oxide (maamulaha)
- Ujeeddo:
- Decololorizer: Waxay ka saartaa shaashad cagaaran dhalada (fe²⁺ cilado).
- Ka maqnaanshaha UV: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa galaaska la ilaaliyo ee UV (tusaale ahaan muraayadaha indhaha, dhalada dhismaha).
- Wakiilka Profilation Wakiilka: Waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'Profilation EAs' ee loogu talagalay muraayadda saxda ah.
2. Newsymium oxide (nd₂o₃), prrausmium oxide (pr₆o₁₁)
- Ujeeddo:
- Midabaarradu: nexymium waxay siisaa dhalada midab guduudan (ku kala duwan isha iftiinka), iyo prrassmium-ka waxay soo saartaa cagaar ama jaalaha, oo badanaa loo isticmaalo galaaska farshaxanka iyo miirayaasha.
3. Eu₂o₃, Terbium oxide (tb₄o₇)
- Ujeeddo:
- Guryaha nadaafadda: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa galaaska iftiinka (sida raajada oo xoojinaya shaashadda, iyo aaladda soo bandhigida).
4. Lanthanum okide (la₂o₃), ytrium oxide (y₂o₃)
- Ujeeddo:
- Muraayadaha tusaha ee ugu macquulsan
- Muraayadaha jilicsan ee heerkulka-u adkaysta ah
2. Xirmooyinka birta
Birta naadirku badanaa waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dhalada kharashka khaaska ah ee shaqada ama kobcinta waxqabadka:
1. Indium Traf oxide (ITO, in₂O₃-SNO₂)
- Ujeeddo:
- Qeyb ka mid ah dahaarka: filim xasaasi ah oo hufan oo loo isticmaalo shaashadda taabashada iyo bandhigyada dareeraha ah (LCDS).
2. Jarmalka oxide (Geo₂)
- Ujeeddo:
- Muraayadaha gudbinta gudbinta
- Fibex aan caadi ahayn oo ah 'Index'
3. Gallil-onide (GA₂O₃)
- Ujeeddo:
- Iftiinka iftiinka buluugga ah ee buluuga ah: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shaandhaynta miirayaasha ama muraayadaha indhaha ee gaarka ah.
3. Xeryaha birta yar
Biraha yar yar ayaa sida caadiga ah tixraac bir bir ah oo leh wax soo saar hoose laakiin qiimo aad u sareeya oo warshadeed, oo badanaa loo isticmaalo midabaynta ama hagaajinta waxqabadka:
1. Coball oxide (COO / co₃o₄)
- Ujeeddo:
- midab buluug buluug ah: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhalada farshaxanka, iyo miirayaasha (sida muraayadaha sapphire).
2. Nickel oxide (nio)
- Ujeeddo:
- Tilmaamaha cawlan / guduud
3. Selenium (Se) iyo Selenium Oxide (SEO₂)
- Ujeeddo:
- Midab cas: galaas xoq ah (oo lagu daray Cadmium Sulfide).
- Deplololorizer: ka takhalusidda cagaarka cagaaran ee ay keento cilado bir ah.
4. Lithium Oxide (Li₂o)
- Ujeeddo:
- Meel hoose oo dhalaalaysa: Hagaajinta dareeraha xarkaha ah ee galaaska (sida muraayadda khaaska ah, galaaska indhaha).
4. Xeryahooda kale ee waxqabadka
1. Titanium oxide (TIO₂)
- Ujeeddo:
- Tusmada ugu fikirida sare: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa muraayadda indhaha iyo jaakadaha galaaska ee iska-nadiifinta.
- UV Difaaca: Dhismaha qaab dhismeedka iyo dhalada baabuurta.
2. Valadium oxide (v₂o₅)
- Ujeeddo:
- Muraayadaha thermochomic galaaska
** Soo koob **
- Xeryaha Dhulka ee dhif ah ayaa ku xukuma kobcinta guryaha indhaha (sida midabka, fallaaraha, iyo tusmada ugu firfircoon).
- Birta naadirka dhif (sida indium, iyo Jarmalka) waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa meelaha teknolojiyada sareeya (jaakad-qabadka xargaha, galaaska aflagaadaha ah).
- Birta yar (cobaltt, nikkel, Selenium) waxay diiradda saaraan xakameynta midabka iyo khafiifinta wasakhda.
Codsiga xeryahooda waxay awood u siineysaa dhalada inay lahaato howlo kaladuwan meelaha ay ka mid yihiin qaab dhismeedka, elektiroonigga, indhaha, iyo farshaxanka.