Polyester (PET) Fiber waa noocyada kala duwan ee fiber-ka ugu weyn. Dharka laga sameeyay polyester fiber waa raaxo, cirip, waa fududahay in la dhaqo, iyo dhaqso loo qalajiyo. Polyester sidoo kale waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sida shey ceyriin ah oo loogu talagalay baakadaha, yaxaasyada warshadaha, iyo balaastigga injineerinka. Natiijo ahaan, Polyester si dhakhso ah ayey u soo saartay adduunka oo dhan, oo kordhaysa celcelis ahaan heerka sanadlaha ah ee 7% iyo wax soo saar weyn.
Soosaarka polyester-ka ayaa loo qaybin karaa dariiqa loo yaqaan 'Distretyl terephat' (PTA) ee loo yaqaan 'ptaphalic' Iyada oo aan loo eegin wadada wax soo saarka wax soo saarka ee la ansaxiyay, falcelinta polyshisississation waxay u baahan tahay adeegsiga xeryahooda birta ee ay tahay wax soo saarka. Fal-celinta polydesisseshinsissenishessenishes waa tallaabo muhiim ah ee geedi socodka wax soo saarka polyester, iyo waqtiga polydesissation-ka waa dhalada loogu talagalay hagaajinta dhalidda. Hagaajinta nidaamka wax soo dhigga ayaa ah cunsur muhiim u ah hagaajinta tayada polyester iyo soo gaabinta waqtiga polyconsiska.
Magan-ururinta magaalooyinka. Xaddidan waa shirkad aad u sahleysa oo ku takhasustay soosaarka R & D, waxsoosaarka, iyo bixinta cudurka 'polyester-ka-kicinta' 'polyester-ka-saaridda', antengente ', antengente, iyo antcorjol. Waxaan ka sameynay cilmi-baaris qoto dheer oo ku saabsan alaabtan-R & D ee Qeybta Urbaneyaasha hadda waxay soo koobeen cilmi-baarista iyo adeegsiga fikradaha damacyada ee maqaalkan si loo adeegsanayo, oo ay siiyaan tartan dhameystiran, oo ay siiyaan tartan dhammaystiran ee alaabada fiber-ka polyester.
Aqoonyahanada gudaha iyo shisheeye guud ahaan waxay aaminsan yihiin in polyster polyconsissation ay tahay falcelinta silsiladda, iyo habka loo yaqaan 'dano-ku-darka' ay ka dhigan tahay atoms-ka si ay u abaabulaan elektaroonigyada ah ee loo yaqaan 'albital' oo ay ku guuleystaan elektaroonigga ah ee loo yaqaan 'albonyl oksijiin'. Loogu talagalay polyconsishing, maadaama cufnaanta elektiroonigga ah ee carbonyl oksijiinka ee 'hyroxyletyletyletyletyl' ay aad u yar tahay, ionione-ka elektaroonigga ah ee ilkuhu waa mid aad u sarreeya inta lagu jiro isuduwidda, si loo fududeeyo iskuduwaha iyo silsiladda.
Waxyaabaha soosocda waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wax soosaarayaasha Polyester: LA, k, MG, CD, NI, PD, CD, CD, CAR, CAR, CAREASS, CAREASS, CARRUURTA, CARRUURTA, XAALADAHA Guanodines, sulfur oo ay ku jiraan xeryahooda dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, soo-saareyaasha hadda loo isticmaalo oo lagu bartay waxsoosaarka warshadaha ayaa inta badan ah SB, GE, iyo taxanaha iskoolka. Dariiqooyin badan oo daraasado ah ayaa muujiyay in: Kaararka ku saleysan GE-ku-daadashada ay leeyihiin jawaab celin ka yar oo ay soo saaraan xayawaanka tayo sare leh, laakiin hawshoodu ma sarreeyaan, oo ay leeyihiin ilo yar oo waa qaali; Waxyaabaha ku saleysan ti-fadhiyadu waxay leeyihiin nashaad aad u sareeya iyo xawaare fal-celin deg-deg ah, laakiin falcelinta dhinaca-celinta ee dib-u-dhigga ayaa ka muuqata, taasoo dhalisay xasillooni yar oo ka mid ah sheyga, oo guud ahaan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku-darka PTBT, PTT, PCT, iwm .; SB-SOMALYPTS kaliya ma ahan mid firfircoon. Tayada wax soo saarka ayaa ah mid aad u sarreysa maxaa yeelay cuntooyinka SB-ku saleysan ayaa firfircoon, waxay leeyihiin jawaab celin ka yar, oo ka raqiisan yihiin. Sidaa darteed, si ballaaran ayaa loo isticmaalay. Waxaa ka mid ah kuwaas, kuwa ugu badan ee loo adeegsado SB-ku saleysan SB-ee ku saleysan SB-SB-da
Markaad eegto taariikhda horumarinta ee warshadaha polyester, waxaan ka heli karnaa in ka badan 90% dhirta polyester ee dunidu ay u isticmaalaan xeryo-goysyada sida ay u shaqeeyaan 2000, Shiinaha ayaa soo saaray dhowr dhirta poreyester, dhammaantoodna waxay isticmaaleen xeryaha xeryaha antives sidii wax soo saar, inta badan sb2o3 iyo sb3coo) 3. Iyada oo loo marayo dadaalada wadajirka ah ee cilmi baarista sayniska ee Shiinaha, jaamacadaha, iyo waaxyada wax soo saarka, labadan soosaarka ayaa hada si buuxda u soo saaray.
Laga soo bilaabo 1999, shirkadda kiimikada Faransiiska ee Elf ayaa Elf ay soo saartay Glyckol [SB2 (OCH2CH2CH2Co) 3] Rabshado u eg wax soo saar ka soo kordhay ee ay soo saartay daadad dhaqano. Chips-ka Polyester-ka ayaa la soo saaray cagaaran aad u sarreysa iyo isbadel wanaagsan, kaas oo soo jiitay feejignaan weyn hay'adaha cilmi-baarista guryaha, shirkadaha shirkadaha, iyo soo-saareyaasha Polyester-ka ee Shiinaha.
I. Cilmi baarista iyo adeegsiga xagadhigga xargaha
Mareykanka waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu horreeya ee soo saara oo lagu dabaqayo SB2O3. Sanadkii 1961, isticmaalka SB2O3 ee SB2O3 ee Mareykanka ayaa gaadhay 4,943 tan. Sannadihii 1970-yadii, shan shirkadood oo reer Japan ah ayaa soo saaray SB2O3 oo leh awood wax soo saar guud oo ah 6,360 tan sanadkii sanadkii.
Cutubyada ugu weyn ee cilmi-baarista ee Shiinaha iyo unugyada horumarinta ee Shiinaha iyo cutubyada horumarinta Magan-ururinta magaalooyinka. Waxaa sidoo kale aasaasay khadka wax soo saarka ee xirfadleyda ah ee gobolka Jeysan.
(I). Habka loo soo saaro saddex-geesood
Soo saarista SB2O3 badiyaa waxay isticmaashaa miyir-qabka sulfide ere sida sheyga ceyriinka ah. Darajada birta waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diyaariyey, ka dibna SB2O3 waxaa loo soo saaraa iyadoo la adeegsanayo bir bir ah sida shey ceyriin ah.
Waxaa jira laba habab oo waaweyn oo lagu soo saaro SB2O3 laga soo bilaabo metallic antent-ka: oksidation toos ah iyo jahwareerka nitrogen.
1. Habka tooska ah ee oksidation
Dabaqyada bir-qabadku waxay ka falcelisaa oksijiin kululaynta kululaynta si ay u sameyso sb2o3. Habka fal-celinta waa sida soo socota:
4sb + 3O2O2 == 2SB2O3
2. Ammonolysis
Biraha miyir-qabka ah wuxuu ka falceliyaa koloriin si uu u istaago dawada shaashadda, kaas oo markaa wax laga durugsan yahay, hydrolyzed, bromonyzed, oo la maydhay, wuuna qallajiyey si uu u helo wax soo saarka SB2O3. Sinnaanta dib-u-celceliska ee aasaasiga ah waa:
2sb + 3cl2 == 2sbcl3
Sbcl3 + h2o == SBOCL + 2thcl
4Sbocl + H2O == SB2O3 · 2sbocl · 2hl
SB2O3 · 2sbocl + Oh == 2sb2O3 + 2nh4cl + H2o
(Ii). Adeegsiga trioxide dawada
Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee saddexagalka dawada ayaa ah mid u eg polymarese iyo olol dib-u-dhac ah oo loogu talagalay qalabka isku-darka.
Warshadaha Porester, SB2O3 ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo istcimaalaa sidii wax soo saar. SB2O3 badiyaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wax loo yaqaan 'polyconsing' oo loogu talagalay jidka DMT iyo wadada PTA ee hore waxaana guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa isku darka H3PO4 ama enzymes-ka.
(Iii). Dhibaatooyinka ku saabsan xargaha dawada
SB2O3 waxay leedahay karti madax-bannaan oo ku taal Etylene Gllycol, oo leh xaruudo kaliya 4.04% 150 ° C. Sidaa darteed, markii Etherlenene Glycol loo isticmaalo in lagu diyaariyo wax-u-dhigista, SB2O3 waxay si fudud u horseedi kartaa waxyaabo xad dhaaf ah oo ku jira nidaamka polymerization-ka, oo ay u soo saarto dhibcaha baaskiil-ka-dhafka badan, oo ay dhibaato ku keento laf-dhabarta. Si loo wanaajiyo jilitaanka iyo is-kala-sooca ee SB2O3 ee Ethiylene Glycol, waxaa guud ahaan kor loogu qaadayaa in lagu isticmaalo etheyllene-ka 'Ethylene Glycol' ama kordhin heerkulka kala go'ay illaa 150 ° C. Si kastaba ha noqotee, kor ka sareeya 120 ° C, SB2O3 iyo Ethiyllene Glycol ayaa laga yaabaa inay mudada dheer ka soo celiyaan Etherol-ka markii ay wax ka qabtaan.
II. Cilmi baarista iyo adeegsiga AntigEtate
Habka diyaarinta ee antigente
Marka hore, acetate acetate ayaa loo diyaariyey isagoo ka falcelinaya seddexda atrioride acetic acid, iyo acetic anndride waxaa loo isticmaalay in wakiilka fuuq-baxa si uu u nuugo biyihii ay ka soo baxeen jawaab celinta. Tayada wax soo saarka dhammeystiran ee ay heshay qaabkan ma uusan sarreynin, waxayna qaadatay in ka badan 30 saacadood si loo mideeyo acetic acid. Xilli dambe, attetete acetate ayaa lagu diyaariyey iyada oo dib loogu jawaabo bir bir ah, ama antiploride, ama antigloride ', ama antifloride oo leh acetic andydride, iyada oo aan loo baahnayn wakiilka fuuq-baxa.
1. Antique of trichloride
Sannadkii 1947, H. Schmidt et al. Galbeedka Jarmalka ayaa loo diyaariyey SB (ch3Coco) 3 iyadoo ay ka falcelinayaan sbcl3 oo leh acetic andydride. Qaaciddada falcelinta waa sida soo socota:
Sbcl3 + 3 (ch3co) 2o == sb (ch3cogo) 3 + 3ch3cocl
2. Qaabka birta Adag
Sanadkii 1954, Tapybea Union ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee loo diyaariyey SB (ch3cogo) 3 isagoo ka jawaabay metallic antcicic antector an iyo peroxyacetycetyl ee xalka benzety. Qaaciddada falcelinta waa:
SB + (ch3Coolo) 2 == SB3COPO) 3
3. Qaadashada Antight Qaabka Trioxide
Sannadkii 1957, F. Nerdel of Galbeedka Jarmalka ayaa u adeegsaday SB2O3 si uu uga falceliyo aqal acetic andy inuu soo saaro SB (ch3cogo) 3.
Sb2o3 + 3 (ch3co) 2o == 2sb (ch3cogo) 3
Faa'iido darrooyinka qaabkan ayaa ah in kickstalsku ay u ekaanayaan isugeyn waaweyn oo ay si adag ugu dhejiyaan gidaarka gudaha ee arjiriinta, taasoo dhalisay tayada wax soo saarka oo liita iyo midab saboolka ah.
4. Antique trioxide Trivende
Si looga gudbo khaladaadka habka kor ku xusan, dareeraha dhexdhexaad ah waxaa lagu daraa inta lagu gudajiro jawaab celinta SB2O3 iyo acetic andydride. Qaabka gaarka ah ee diyaarinta waa sida soo socota:
(1) Sanadkii 1968, R. Thoms ee shirkadda kiimikada ee Mareykanka ee Mosun Mosun ayaa daabacday patent ku saabsan diyaarinta antigente. Pentent loo adeegsaday Xyllene (O-, M-, P-Xylne, ama isku dhafan) inuu yahay xalal dhexdhexaad ah oo lagu soo saaro kiristaalo gaagaaban.
(2) Sanadkii 1973, Czech Repup waxay hindisay hab lagu soo bandhigayo ganaax antites ah oo adeegsanaya toluene sidii mid xallin ah.
III. Isbarbardhigaya seddex daloolo ku saleysan
| Xargaha dadaalka | ACITETATE | Glycor | |
| Guryaha aasaasiga ah | Sida caadiga ah loo yaqaan 'antecer cadaan', qaaciddada molikalaulal sb 2 o 3, miisaanka molikalilka 291.51, budada cad, goos goos goos ah 656 ℃. Waxyaabaha fikraduhu waxay tahay qiyaastii 83.53%. Cufnaanta qaraabada 5.20g / ml. Ku-kicinta acid hydrochloric acid, oo ay uruursan tahay sulfuric acid, uruurinta nitric acid, titric acid iyo xalka alkali, oo aan ku dhex jirin biyaha, aalkolada. | Qaaciddada molikaulal SB (AC) 3, Miisaanka Moleculal 298.89, Qiyaasta Finalka ah ee qiyaastii 40.74%. | Qaaciddada Molecaular SB 2 (tusaale ahaan) 3, culeyska molikalku waa qiyaastii 423.68, barta dhalaalaysa waa 57 ℃ (decoon), fududahay in la nuugo qoyaanka. Waxay si fudud u milmaysaa afkeeda glycol. |
| Qaabka isku-darka iyo tikniyoolajiyadda | Inta badan isku-darka Habka Stibnite: 2SB 2 S 3 + 9O 2 + 3SB 2 o 3 + 3B → 2SB → 2SB → 2SB → 2SB → 2SB → 2SB → 2SB → Stibnite / Lion → Qulqulka iyo xiirashada →. | Warshadaha ayaa inta badan adeegsanaya hab SB 2 o 3 -SOLVEMESIS: SB2O3 + 3 (Ch3CO3 (CH3BO3 (CH3BO3 (AC) 3SB FASTITOLEX → Qulqulka Tooluence-ka → Qulqulka toluene-ka ama Xyltes loo adeegsado waa inuu noqdaa mid carrabka ah, SB 2 o 3 kuma jiri karto xaalad qoyan, oo qalabka waxsoosaarka sidoo kale waa inuu qalalan yahay. | Warshadaha ayaa inta badan adeegsata SB 2 O 3 hab si ay u ist'egeen Hawshadu waxay u baahan tahay in laga go'do biyaha si looga hortago hydrolysis. Fal-celintaani waa falcelin dib loo rogi karo, guud ahaan jawaab-celinta waxaa lagu dalacsiiyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo Etherene Ethylene Glycol iyo ka saarida biyaha badeecada. |
| Faa'iido | Qiimaha waa mid raqiis ah, way fududahay in la isticmaalo, waxay leedahay nashaadaad dhexdhexaad ah oo dhexdhexaad ah iyo waqtiga polyconsation-ka gaagaaban. | Antigeng acetate wuxuu leeyahay karti wanaagsan oo ku taal Etylene Gllycol waxaana si siman loogu kala firdhiyaa hufnaanta loo yaqaan 'Ethylene Glycol', kaas oo kor u qaadi kara adeegsiga faa iidada, dadaalka dadaalka, iska caabbinta kuleylka wanaagsan iyo xasilloonida. Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo la adeegsanayo astaanta dadaalka maadaama ay u baahan tahay wax soo saar uma baahna ku darista isku-darka iyo xasillooni. Falcelinta dawada dadarka ah ee nidaamka dadaalka loo yaqaan 'actent' Nidaamka dadaalka dadaalka ah waa mid dhexdhexaad ah, tayada wax soo saarkana waa mid sare, gaar ahaan midabka, kaas oo ka fiican kan seddexda xargaha xinjirowga ah (sb 2 o 3). | Roobka ayaa leh xoolo sarreyn sare oo ku taal Etylene Gllycol; eber-ka-dabiyeynta waa laga saarayaa, iyo nijaasta sida moleekuleyaasha birta, chlorides iyo sultates ee saameeya polyconsesion-ka, oo ay noqon karaan kuwa xariga ah ee heerkulka falcelinta ah ee heerkulka falcelinta ah ayaa ka weyn tan sb 2 o 3 marka la barbar dhigo SB (AC) 3, qadarka SB 3+ oo ciyaara kaalin daloolo ayaa ka weyn. Midabka soosaarka Polyester ee ay soo saartay SB 2 (tusaale ahaan) 3 ayaa ka fiican kan SB 2 o 3 waxyar ka sarreeya kan asalka ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa sheyga u muuqda mid sii dhalaalsho oo caddaan ah; |
| Khasaaro | Xoolaha jilicsan ee glycol waa mid liidata, kaliya 4.04% 150 ° C. Ficil ahaan, Ethelenene Glycol waa xad-dhaaf ama heerkulka kala-baxa ayaa kor loogu qaadayaa ka sarreeya 150 ° C. Si kastaba ha noqotee, markii SB 2 O 3 uu ka falcelinayo Ethylene Gllycol muddo ka sarreysa 120 ° C, oo loo yaqaan 'Etheylene Glycol Falchis', oo sababi kara "ceer cawlan" oo ku jira chips-ka polyester iyo saamayn tayada polyester. Oo waxaa soo gaadhsiiyey imado damiir loogu diyaariyey SB 2 o 3 3, 3, 3, 3 3 | Qiyaastii ka soo baxday soosaarku waa mid aad u yar; Ciqaabta aashitada ee aashitada ee aashitada ee aashitada ah waxay soo saartay qalabka saqafka, wasakhaysan deegaanka, oo uma eka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah; Habka wax soo saarka waa mid adag, xaaladaha deegaanka ee hawlgalka ayaa ah mid liita, waxaa jira wasakheyn, oo sheyguna way fududahay in midab la beddelo. Way fududahay in la burburiyo markii la kululeeyo, oo alaabooyinka hydrolysis-ka waa SB2O3 iyo Ch3Coh. Waqtiga degenaanshuhu waa dheer yahay, gaar ahaan marxaladda ugu dambeysa ee polyconsis-ka, oo si aad ah uga sarreeya nidaamka SB2O3. | Isticmaalka SB 2 (tusaale ahaan) 3 waxay kordhisaa qiimaha cunsuriyada ee aaladda (kororka kharashka ayaa la bilaabi karaa oo keliya haddii 25% loo isticmaalo is-luuqadaha is-faafinta). Intaa waxaa sii dheer, qiimaha b ee sheyga waxyar ayaa kordha waxyar. |