Chii chinonzi Rare-Earths?
Rare earths, inozivikanwawo sezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki pasi pano, inoreva zvinhu gumi nezvinomwe paperiodic table zvinosanganisira lanthanide series kubva paatomic nhamba 57, lanthanum (La) kusvika pa71, lutetium (Lu), plus scandium (Sc) uye yttrium (Y) .
Kubva pazita racho, munhu angafungidzira kuti aya “ashoma,” asi maererano nemakore anokwanisika (reshiyo yezvakasimbiswa zvakachengetwa kusvika kukugadzirwa kwegore negore) uye kuwanda kwazvo mukati mevhu repasi, iwo chaizvoizvo akawanda kupfuura led kana kuti zingi.
Nokushandisa zvinobudirira nyika isingawanzoitiki, munhu anogona kutarisira kuchinja kukuru kune teknolojia yakajairika; shanduko dzakaita sehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji kuburikidza nekushanda kutsva, kuvandudzwa kwekusimba mumidziyo yezvimiro uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi emagetsi nemichina.
Nezve Rare-Earth Oxides
Iyo Rare-Earth Oxides Boka dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kunzi Rare Earths kana dzimwe nguva REO. Mamwe masimbi epasi asingawanzo akawana zvakanyanya pasi pasi mashandisirwo musimbi, ceramics, kugadzira magirazi, dhayi, lasers, terevhizheni uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi. Kukosha kwezvisingawanzo simbi dzepasi kuri kunyanya kukwira. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa, zvakare, kuti mazhinji easingawanzo ivhu-ine zvinhu zvine maindasitiri maapplication angave maokisi, kana iwo anowanikwa kubva kumaokisi.
Nezve kuwanda uye makura maindasitiri ekushandiswa kweasingawanzo pasi oxides, kushandiswa kwavo mukugadzira zvinokonzeresa (senge nenzira nhatu dzemotokari catalysis), mumaindasitiri ane chekuita negirazi (kugadzira magirazi, kupendesa kana kupendesa, kupenya kwegirazi uye zvimwe zvine chekuita nekushandisa), uye zvachose. magineti ekugadzira account anosvika 70% yeasingawanzo pasi oxides kushandiswa. Zvimwe zvakakosha maindasitiri mashandisirwo ane chekuita neindasitiri yesimbi (inoshandiswa sezvinowedzera muFe kana Al simbi alloys), ceramics (kunyanya mune yeY), mashandisirwo ane chekuita nemwenje (muchimiro chephosphors), semidziyo yebhatiri alloy, kana yakasimba. oxide mafuta masero, pakati pevamwe. Pamusoro pezvo, asi zvisinganyanyi kukosha, kune yakaderera chiyero mashandisirwo, senge biomedical kushandiswa kwenanoparticulated masisitimu ane isingawanzo pasi oxides ekurapwa kwegomarara kana se tumoral yekuona mamaki, kana se sunscreens zvizoro zvekudzivirira ganda.
Nezve Rare-Earth Compounds
Kuchena kwepamusoro Rare-Earth Compounds inogadzirwa kubva kune ores nenzira inotevera: kutarisisa kwemuviri (semuenzaniso, flotation), leaching, mhinduro yekucheneswa nekubviswa kwe solvent, isingawanzo kupatsanurwa kwepasi nekubviswa kwe solvent, imwe neimwe isingawanzo kunyura kwepasi kwakasanganiswa. Pakupedzisira aya macommunication anoumba inotengeswa carbonate, hydroxide, phosphates uye fluorides.
Inenge 40% yepasi isingawanzo kugadzirwa inoshandiswa mune simbi fomu-yekugadzira magineti, mabheti emagetsi, uye alloys. Masimbi anogadzirwa kubva kune ari pamusoro pemakomponi nepamusoro-tembiricha yakasanganiswa munyu electrowinning uye yakanyanya kuderedzwa tembiricha nesimbi reductants, semuenzaniso, calcium kana lanthanum.
Rare Earths anonyanya kushandiswa mune zvinotevera:
●Mmagineti (anosvika zana magineti pamotokari nyowani)
● Catalysts (motor emission uye petroleum cracking)
● Girazi rinopenya poda yezvikirini zveterevhizheni uye madhisiki ekuchengetedza data egirazi
● Mabhatiri anochajwa (kunyanya emota dzakasanganiswa)
● Fotonics (luminescence, fluorescence uye magetsi ekusimudzira magetsi)
● Magnets nephotonics zvinotarisirwa kukura zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma anotevera
UrbanMines inopa yakazara katalog yekuchena kwepamusoro uye yakanyanya kuchena komisheni. Kukosha kweRare Earth Compounds inokura zvakanyanya mumakiyi matekinoroji uye haidzoreki muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda uye maitiro ekugadzira. Isu tinopa Rare Earth Compounds mumagiredhi akasiyana zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi wega wega, ayo anoshanda seyakakosha zvigadzirwa mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
Chii chinonzi Rare-Earths chinowanzo shandiswa mune?
Mashandiro ekutanga emaindasitiri epasi risingawanikwe aive ematombo anopenya mumagetsi. Panguva iyoyo, tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa nekunatsiridza yakanga isati yagadzirwa, saka musanganiswa wepasi rakawanda risingawanzo uye zvinhu zvemunyu kana isina kuchinjika misch simbi (alloy) yakashandiswa.
Kubva kuma1960, kupatsanurwa nekunatsiridzwa kwakava kunobvira uye zvinhu zviri mukati menyika imwe neimwe isingawanzowanikwi zvakava pachena. Nekusimudzira kwavo maindasitiri, vakatanga kuiswa secathode-ray chubhu phosphors yeTV ine mavara uye pamalensi ekhamera akakwirira. Ivo vakaenderera mberi nekubatsira kudzikisira ukuru uye huremu hwemakomputa, makamera edhijitari, maodhiyo emidziyo uye nezvimwe kuburikidza nekushandisa kwavo mukuita kwepamusoro magineti ekusingaperi uye mabhatiri anochajwa.
Mumakore achangopfuura, vanga vachiwana kutariswa seyakagadzirwa hydrogen-absorbing alloys uye magnetostriction alloys.
