1, FovoltAIC END FICT: Iyo inodiwa yePhosevoltaic yakaiswa simba yakasimba, uye kudiwa kwePolysilicon kunodzoserwa kunoenderana neiyo yakaiswa fungidziro
1.1. Polysilicon Kushandisa: GlobalZvekushandisa vhoriyamu iri kuwedzera zvishoma, kunyanya kufananidzira yemagetsi chizvarwa
Makore gumi apfuura, pasiresePolysilicKudhakwa kwakaramba kuchikwira, uye chikamu cheChina chakaramba chichiwedzera kukura, chinotungamirwa neiyo photovoltaic indasitiri. Kubva muna2012 kusvika 2021, Plasslidion Playption yekunwa kazhinji yakaratidza maitiro ekutsvaira, achikwira kubva pamatani zviuru mazana matatu kusvika mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Muna 2018, China's 531 PhotoVoltaic New Policy yakaunzwa, iyo yakajekesa zvakajeka chiyero chekubatsira kwehuwandu hwemasimba. Iyo ichangobva kuiswa photovoltaic capacity yakadonha ne 18% gore-pagore, uye kudiwa kwePolysilicon zvakakanganiswa. Kubva pa199, iyo nyika yakaunza huwandu hwemitemo yekusimudzira iyo grid partity ye photoltaics. Nekuvandudza nekukurumidza kweiyo photovoltaic indasitiri, kudiwa kwePolysilicon kwakapinda nguva yekukura nekukurumidza. Pakati peino nguva, chikamu cheChina Polysilicon Condicon mukushandiswa kweClobal Pasi rose kwakaramba kusimuka, kubva muna 61,5% muna 2012,9% muna 2021, kunyanya nekuda kwekukurumidza kugadzira mafirita eposvoltaic. Kubva pamaonero emhando yepasirese yemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzePolysicon mu2021 Iyo ratio ndeye 6%, iyo inoratidza kuti zvazvino kuda kwePolysilicon inotongwa ne photovoltaics. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekudziya kweiyo kabhoni-kabhoni-kabhoni, kudiwa kweiyo photovoltaic yakaiswa simba ichave yakasimba, uye kudomwa uye chikamu chePolardion yeSolar icharamba ichiwedzera.
1.2. Silicon WAFER: Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer inogara iyo huru, uye inoenderera czochralski tekinoroji inokudziridza nekukurumidza
Iyo Direct Sydnstream Link yePolysilic is Silicon Wafers, uye China parizvino inotonga iyo Global Silicon Wafer Musika. Kubva muna2012 kusvika 2021, Global And Silicon Wery Orgroction kugona uye kubuda kwakaramba kuchiwedzera, uye indasitiri yemapikicha yakaramba ichikanda ichikanda boom. Silicon Wafers anoshanda sebhiriji rinobatanidza silicon zvinhu uye mabhatiri, uye hapana mutoro pakugadzirwa kwekugadzira, saka inoenderera ichikwevera nhamba yakakura yekupinda muindasitiri. Muna 2021, Chinese Silicon Wer Vagadziri vaiverengera zvakanyanyakugadzirwaKugona ku213.5GW kubuda, uko kunodzinga Silicon Wery kugadzirwa kwekuwedzera kusvika 215.4GW. Zvinoenderana neyakawedzerwa uye ichangobva kuwedzera mari yekugadzira muChina, inotarisirwa kuti chiyero chekukura chichava chengetedza 15-25% mumakore mashoma anotevera, uye kugadzirwa kweChina kwechina kucharamba kuchichengetedza chinzvimbo chakakura kwazvo munyika.
Polycrystalline silicon inogona kuitwa muPolycrystalline silicon ingots ingots kana monocrystalline silicon tsvimbo. Iyo yekugadzira maitiro ePolycrystalline silicon ingots inonyanya kusanganisira nzira yekukanda uye nzira yakananga yekunyungudika. Parizvino, yechipiri mhando ndiyo nzira huru, uye chiyero chekurasikirwa chakachengetedzwa chinenge pa5%. Iyo nzira yekukanda inonyanya kunyungudusa iyo silicon zvinyorwa mukutanga kutanga, uye wobva wakanda mune imwe yakangoerekana yaitika pakutonhora. Nekudzora chiyero chinotonhorera, iyo polycrystalline silicon ingot inokandwa neiyo nzira yekusimbisa yekusimbisa. Maitiro ekupisa-ekupisa kweiyo nzira yakananga-inonyungudika yakafanana neiyo yekukanda nzira, umo iyo Poldilicon yakanyungudika mukutanga, asi nhanho inotonhorera yakasiyana nenzira yekukanda. Kunyangwe nzira mbiri idzi dzakafanana kwazvo mune zvakasikwa, iyo nzira yekunyungudika inongoda kuwanda, uye maitiro ekukura ari nyore kutevedzera, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti chinzvimbo chemukati chekristaro yekukanganisa. Parizvino, mabhizinesi anotungamira mune yeSolar Energy Opents indasitiri inowanzoshandisa nzira yekunyungudika yekugadzira polycrystalline silicon ingots Mune ramangwana, kugadzirwa kwePolycrystalline Silicon ingots ichiri kutongwa nenzira yakatwasuka yekunyungudika, uye chiyero chekurasikirwa chinoramba chakakomberedza 5% mukati memakore mashanu.
Kugadzirwa kweMonocrystalline rods inonyanya kubva pane Czochralski nzira, inowedzerwa neiyo nzvimbo yekumiswa nzvimbo yekunyungudika, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nevaviri vane kushandiswa kwakasiyana. Iyo Czochralski nzira inoshandisa graphite kuramba kupisa polycrystalline silicon mune yakakwirira-yekuchenesa yekristaro kuti inyunguduke, uye kutenderera iyo mbeu yekristaro ichipinda muchero. , Mbeu yekristaro yakasimudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye monocrystalline silicon inowanikwa kuburikidza nemaitiro embeu, kukwidziridzwa, pfudzi kutendeuka, uye kupedzisa. Iyo veratiso inoyerera nzira yekunyungudutsa nzira inoreva kugadziriswa kwekamuri yepamusoro-simbi yekureba, uye ichipfuura nepfumo Coil inofambiswa, iyo nyungudika inodzokorora kuumba imwe crystal. Nekuda kwekutanga kwemaitiro ekugadzira, pane misiyano mumidziyo yekugadzira, mari yekugadzira uye mhando yechigadzirwa. Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa nenzira yekunyungudika ine kuchena kwakanyanya uye kunogona kugadzirwa kweiyo Silmonderductor Stices, nepo czochralski nzira yekugadzira siltal silton yeThivha yeThosevolita uye ine mutengo wakaderera, saka nzira huru Muna 2021, mugove wemusika weiyo yakananga kudhonza nzira ndeye 85%, uye inotarisirwa kuwedzera zvishoma mumakore mashoma anotevera. Iyo misika inogovera muna 2025 ne2030 inofungidzirwa kuve 87% uye 90% zvichiteerana. Panyaya yedunhu kunyungudutsa imwe crystal silicon, iyo indasitiri yekushambadzira yedunhu kunyungudutsa imwe yekristoni yakasarudzika munyika. kuwana), kupinza (denmark). Mune ramangwana, chiyero chinobuda chemberi chakanyungudutswa chakanyungudutswa hachina kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti tekinoroji yeChina inoenderana inodzokera kumashure uchienzaniswa neJapan neGermany, kunyanya kugona kweiyo yepamusoro-freatency yekudzora michina uye crystallization maitiro. Iyo tekinoroji yeakasarudzika silicon imwechete yekristaro mune yakakura dhizaini nzvimbo inoda mabhizinesi eChinese kuti arambe achiongorora ari oga.
Czochralski nzira inogona kukamurwa kuita kuenderera kristaro yekudhira technology (CCZ) uye yakadzokororwa kiredhiti yekudhonza tekinoroji (RCZ). Parizvino, nzira huru muindasitiri ndeye rcz, iri mune shanduko yekuchinja kubva kuRCZ to CCZ. Iyo imwe crystal yekudhonza uye yekupa matanho eRZC yakazvimiririra yega yega. Pamberi peumwe neumwe kudhonza, iyo imwechete yekristan ingotonhorera uye inobviswa mukamuri regedhi, nepo CCz inogona kuziva kudyiswa nekunyungudika uku uchidhonza. RCZ ine kukura, uye kune kamuri shoma yekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi mune ramangwana; Ipo CCZ ine zvakanakira kuderedza mutengo uye kushanda zvakanaka kugadzirisa, uye iri muchikamu chekusimudzira nekukurumidza. Panyaya yemutengo, kana ichienzaniswa neRCZ, iyo inotora maawa masere pamberi petsvimbo imwe chete, Iyo yakazara yeiyo choto inobuda inopfuura makumi maviri muzana yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yeRCZ. Mutengo wekugadzira anopfuura 10% yakaderera pane rcz. Panyaya yekubudirira, CCZ inogona kupedzisa dhirowa ye8 Panyaya yemhando, CCZ ine yunifomu yeyunifomu, yakadzika oksijeni yezvinyorwa, saka zvakanyatsonaka zvekusvibiswa kweNS simbi, mhando imwechete yekristani yeNyika, iyo iri zvakare munguva yekudzima nekukurumidza. Parizvino, mamwe makambani eChinese akazivisa kuti vane tekinoroji yeCCZ, uye nzira yeCCZ-N-N-T-Type monocrystalline Wafers yakajeka, uye yatotanga kushandisa 100% granular silicon zvinhu. . Mune ramangwana, CCZ ichatsiva RCZ, asi zvinotora imwe nzira.
Maitiro ekugadzira e monocrystalline Wilicon Wafers akakamurwa kuita matanho mana: kudhonza, kuchema, kuchenesa, kuchenesa uye kurongedza. Iko kubuda kweiyo madhaimani waya waya yekucheka nzira yakadzora zvakanyanya kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa. Iyo Crystal Kudhonza maitiro yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Maitiro ekunyoroveswa anosanganisira truncation, squar, uye mudziyo wamabasa. Kucheka ndekwe kushandisa muchina wekunyorova kucheka iyo kolumnar silicon muLilicon Wafers. Kuchenesa uye kurongedza ndiwo matanho ekupedzisira mukugadzirwa kweSilicon Wafers. Iyo Diamond Wire Slicing nzira ine zvakanakira zviri pachena pamusoro petsika yemota waya waya inonaka nzira, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa munguva pfupi yekupedza nguva uye kurasikirwa kwakaderera. Iko kumhanya kweawaimondi waya inguva kashanu iyo yekucheka kwechinyakare. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekucheka kweruzhinji, kwechinyakare dhizaini yekucheka mota inotora maawa gumi, uye madhaimani waya yekucheka chete inotora anenge anenge maawa maviri. Kurasikirwa kwemadhaimani waya wire kucheka zvishoma nezvishoma, uye iyo yekukuvara dhaimani waya wire kucheka zvishoma pane iyo yemota waya waya waya, iyo inokodzera kucheka silicon yakaonda. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuitira kuti vaderedze kuparadzwa kurasikirwa uye mari yekugadzira, makambani ekugadzira madhaimani ekunyora nzira, uye dhayamita yedhaimani yedhaya yemabhazi ebhazi iri kuwedzera uye kuderera. Muna 2021, dhayamita yedhaimani yedhaimari ichave 43-56 μM, uye dhayamita waya waya wairo webarbar akashandisa monocrystalline Wafers anoderedza zvakanyanya uye enderera mberi nekuderera. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 2025 ne2030, iyo Diamita yeDiamond Wire Wire Wire Wirsstalline Weill Barika Wachechivha Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune akawanda urema uye kusachena muPolycrystalline Licon Wafers, uye waya dzakatetepa dzinotyisa. Naizvozvo, dhivha yedhaimani waya yedhaya yakashandiswa padziva silicon Wer
Parizvino, silicon Wafers inonyanya kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: polycrystalline silicon wafers uye monocrystalline silicon wafers. Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers ane zvakanakira hupenyu hurefu hwebasa uye high fanelectric kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka. Polycrystalline Silicon Wafers anoumbwa nemakristani ezviyo nekrisiti yekristaro ndege yakagadzirwa nePolycrystalline silicon seyakagadzirwa silicon seyakagadzirwa nzvimbo uye ine yakafanana ndege yekrisimasi. Muchitarisiko, polycrystalline silicon wafers uye imwechete Crystal Silicon Wafers ndeye Bhuruu-dema uye dema-brown. Sezvo vaviri vacho vakatemwa kubva polycrystalline silicon ingots uye monocrystalline silicon tsvimbo, zvakateerana, mashanga akaenzana uye quasi-mraba. Hupenyu hwebasa hwePolycrystalline Licon Wafers uye monocrystalline Silicon Wafers anenge makore makumi maviri. Kana iyo nzira yekuisa uye yekushandisa nharaunda yakakodzera, hupenyu hwebasa hunogona kusvika makore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu. Kazhinji, mararamiro eMonocrystalline Licon Wafers akareba kupfuura ayo eblycrystalline silicon. Mukuwedzera, Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers arikugona zvakare kufambidzana Mhedzisiro yakasanganiswa yezvakaringana inoita kuti vashoma vatakure kutakura nguva yekristasi imwe nguva yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yePolycrystalline Wafers Wafers Wafers. Nokudaro vachiratidza mukana wekushandurwa kwekushandurwa. Muna 2021, kushandurwa kwepamusoro kwePolycrystalline Silicon Wafers ichave yakatenderedza 21%, uye yeMonocrystalline silicon Wafers ichasvikira makumi maviri neshanu.
Pamusoro pehupenyu hwakareba uye kushandurwa kwakasimba, monocrystalline silicon kune zvakare mukana wekutetepa, kuti udzore silicon kudyiswa uye silicon wer mitengo, asi teerera kune kuwedzera kwekunyepedzera. Kutetepa kweSilicon Wafers kunobatsira kuderedza mari yekugadzira, uye maitiro azvino ekunyora anogona kuzadzisa zvido zvekutetepa, asi ubvu hweSilicon Wafers dzinofanirawo kuita zvinodiwa neyekutsikirira cell uye chikamu chekugadzira. Kazhinji, ukobvu hweSilicon Wafers kwave kuderera mumakore achangopfuura, uye ukobvu hwePolycrystalline Weifon Wafers akakura zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zveMonocrystalline Wafers Wafers. Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers anokamurwa muN-Type Silicon Wafers uye P-Type Silicon Wafers anonyanya kusanganisira yeTopCon Batters uye HJT Bhatiri Kushandiswa kweBattery. Muna 2021, avhareji yakajeka yePolycrystalline Lillon Wafers ndeye 178μm, uye kushayikwa kwekuda mune ramangwana kuchavatyaira kuti vaenderere mberi kuenderera mberi. Naizvozvo, zvinofanotaurwa kuti ukobvu kuchaderera zvishoma kubva pa2022 kusvika 2024, uye ukobvu kucharamba kuchingogara pazera ramakore zana nemakumi mairi. Avhareji yakajeka yeP-mhando monocrystalline Wilicon Wafer masero ndeye 165μm. 135μm.
Uye zvakare, kugadzirwa kwePolycryStalline Wilicon anodya silicon kupfuura monucrystalline Licon Wafers Polycrystalline Silicon, seyakajairika zvinyorwa zveblycrystalline Wafers Wafers uye monocrystalline Silicon Wafers Muna 2021, silicon kushandiswa kwePolycrystalline ingot is 1.10 kg / kg. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kushaikwa kushoma mukutsvaga nekuvandudza kuchaita shanduko diki mune ramangwana. Iyo silicon yekudhirowa yeiyo dhizaini inotsvedza ndeye 1.066 kg / kg, uye kune imwe kamuri yekugadzirisa. Zvinotarisirwa kuve 1.05 kg / kg uye 1.043 kg / kg muna 2025 ne2030, zvichiteerana. Mune imwechete Crystal yekudhonza maitiro, kuderedzwa kweiyo silicon yekudhirowa inogona kuwanikwa nekudzora mari yekuchenesa, kudzora kukosha kwekutanga, uye optimizing kuiswa kwekutanga uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji yezvinhu zvakashata silicon zvinhu. Kunyangwe iyo Silicon ichidya yePolycrystalline Weil, Mutengo wekugadzira wePolycrystalline Siliton Zvakaderera. Muna 2021, avhareji yekugadzira mari yekugadzira Monocrystalline Walicon Wafers ichave anenge 0.673 yuan / w, uye yePolycrystalline Wafers ichave 0.66 yuan / w.
Sezvo ukobvu hweSilicon Wafer Kunodzora uye Dhivhosi WIDE WIRE DEADS ICHICHASE, uye huwandu hwesarudzo dzechiratidzo chehuremu hwakafanana. Panyaya yesimba, simba rinoshandiswa nechero rimwe nerimwe silicon wafer rinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi uye saizi. Muna 2021, kubuda kweP-Type 1666mm size monocrystalline mraba bars inenge 64 zvimedu zvePolycrystalline mraba ingangoita zviuru makumi mashanu neshanu. Pakati peP-Type Imwe Crystal Silicon Wafers, Boka re158.75mm size monocrystalline matanho emakiromita anenge 53 Iyo yakabuda yekwere bar iri anenge makumi mana zvidimbu. Kubva 2022 kusvika 2030, kuenderera mberi kweSilicon Wafers hakuzozeza kuwanda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweSilicon rods / ingots dzehuwandu hwakaenzana. Diki diki yedhaimani yedhaimani waya yedhiramu uye yepakati saizi inobatsira zvakare kuderedza kudzikisira kurasikirwa, nekudaro nekuwedzera huwandu hwe wafger zvakagadzirwa. kuwanda. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 2025 ne2030, iyo yakabuda yeP-Type size monocrystalline matanho masaini Kune mutsauko musimba remhando dzakasiyana uye masayizi eSilicon Wafers. Sekureva kwedata rekuzivisa kweiyo Avhareji Simba re158.75MM silicon Wafers ndeye 5.8w / piece, iyo Avhareji Silicon Wafers Iyo avhareji simba re size silicon wafer ndeye 7.49W / Chikamu, uye iyo Avhareji Simba re210mm size Silicon Wafer ndeye 10W / Chikamu.
Mumakore achangopfuura, silicon anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma munzira yehukuru hwakakura, uye kukura kwakakura kunoenderana nekuwedzera simba reimwe chip Nekudaro, saizi yekugadziriswa kweSilicon Wafers inodawo kufunga nezvekiria uye kudzikisira nyaya uye zvakadzama nyaya, kunyanya mutoro uye nyaya dzakakwirira dzazvino. Parizvino, pane misasa miviri mumusika maererano neyakaitwa neramangwana nzira yeSilicon Wafer Saizi, iyo 182mm size uye 210mm size. Chikumbiro che 182mm chinonyanya kubva pane zvekunyepedzera vertical yekubatanidza, zvichienderana nekufunga kwekuiswa uye kufambisa kwemasero ephosvo, simba remanyorerwo, uye sannergy pakati pekukwira uye kutsikisa; nepo 210mm inonyanya kubva pamaonero emutengo wekugadzira uye muripo wemutengo. Kubuda kwe210mm Silicon Wafers kwakawedzera ne15% mune imwechete-muti-Furtuce proction mutengo wakaderedzwa, W, uye mutengo wakakwana weSimba rekusimudzira ne4.1 yuan / w. Mumakore mashoma anotevera, zvinotarisirwa kuti silicon was sifers ine saizi iri pazasi 166mm ichabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma; Kukwira kumusoro uye kudzikisira matambudziko e20mms silicon vanozogadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mutengo zvichave chinhu chakakosha chinonyanya kukonzera mari uye kugadzirwa kwemabhizimusi. Naizvozvo, mugove wemusika we20mm Silicon Wafers anowedzera. Simuka; 182MMS Silicon Wafer ichava yakakura saizi mumusika nekuda kwezvakanaka zvakabatanidzwa kugadzirwa, asi nekukura kwebudiriro ye210mm Mukuwedzera, zvakaoma kuti silicon yakakura kwazvo kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumusika mumakore mashoma anotevera, nekuda kwekuisa njodzi uye kuisirwa mari yakakura kwazvo, izvo zvakaoma kuti zvigadziriswe nemari yekugadzira uye mitengo yehurongwa. . Muna 2021, Silicon Wer Saizi pamusika anosanganisira 156.7min, 158.75min, 160.7min, uye saizi ye156.75mm yakadzoserwa kusvika pa5%, iyo ichatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma mune ramangwana; 166mm ndiyo yakakura saizi mhinduro iyo inogona kukwidziridzwa kune iyo iripo bhatiri yekugadzirwa mutsara, iyo ichave yakakura kukura mumakore maviri apfuura. Panyaya yehukuru hwekuchinja, inotarisirwa kuti govana yemusika ichave isingasviki 2% muna 2030; Saizi yakasanganiswa ye 182mm uye 210mm icha account ye45% muna 2021, uye share yemusika inowedzera nekukurumidza mune ramangwana. Zvinotarisirwa kuti iyo yakazara misika kugovera muna 2030 ichapfuura 98%.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mugove wemusika weMonocrystalline silicon yakaramba ichiwedzera, uye yakagara iyo nzvimbo huru mumusika. Kubva muna2012 kusvika 2021, chikamu cheMonocrystalline Silicon Rose kubva pasi pe20% kusvika 93.3%, kuwedzera kwakakosha. Muna 2018, iyo silicon wafers pamusika inonyanya kuwanda yePolycrystalline silicon Wafers, accounting yeanopfuura 50%. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi zveMonocrystalline Walicon Wafers haigoni kufukidza mutengo wakashata. Kubva pa199, sezvo iyo photolectric kutendeuka kweMonocrystalline Walicon Walmon Silcon Waficon. chigadzirwa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti chikamu cheMonocrystalline Licon Wafers ichasvikira 96% muMocorsstalline Wafers ichasvika 97.7% muna 2030.
1.3. Mabhatiri: Perc mabhatiri anotonga musika, uye kukura kweN-mhando mabhatiri anosundira kumusoro kwechigadzirwa mhando
Iyo knollw lincing of the photovoltaic indasitiri yeketeni inosanganisira maficha ephosvoltaic uye fotovoltaic cell modules. Kugadziriswa kweSilicon Wafers kuita masero inonyanya kukosha nhanho mukuziva kutendeuka kweThenelectric. Zvinotora dzinenge nhanho nomwe dzekugadzirisa sero remagariro kubva kune silicon wafer. Kutanga, isa iyo silicon wafer mune hydrofluorgic acid kuti igadzire piramidhi-senge suede chimiro pamusoro pazvo, nekudaro ichidzikisa kuratidzwa kwezuva uye kuwedzera kuwanda kwechiedza; Wechipiri phosphorous inosanganiswa pamusoro peimwe divi reiyo silicon wafer kuti aumbe pn junction, uye kunaka kwayo kunokanganisa kugona kwechitokisi; Yechitatu ndeyekubvisa iyo PN Junction yakaumbwa padivi peSilicon Wafer panguva yekusiyana nhanho yekudzivirira kupfupika dunhu rechiteshi. Dura reSilicon Nitreide firimu rakabatanidzwa padivi apo iyo PN Junction inoumbwa kuti uderedze kuratidzwa kwechiedza uye panguva imwechete yekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka; Cheshanu ndechekudhinda simbi emagetsi epamberi uye kumashure kweiyo silicon wafer kuti utore vatakuri vadiki vanogadzirwa ne photovoltaics; Dunhu racho rakadhindwa mudanho rekudhinda rinotakurwa uye rakaumbwa, uye rakabatanidzwa neiyo silicon wafer, kureva chitokisi; Pakupedzisira, masero ane maitiro akasiyana anokatyiswa.
Crystalline silicon masero anowanzogadzirwa neSilicon Wafers seSheterater, uye inogona kukamurwa kuita P-mhando maseru uye n-mhando maseru maererano nerudzi rweSilicon Wafers. Pakati pavo, masero eN-mhando ane zvakakwirira zvekushandura kushanda uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva P-mhando masero mumakore achangopfuura. P-Type Silicon Wafers inogadzirwa neDoping silicon naBron, uye n-Type Silicon Wafers yakagadzirwa phosphorus. Naizvozvo, kusunganidzwa kweBoron Element muN-Type Silicon Wafer Mukuwedzera, iyo N-TYPE VAKURU VAKURURA, iyo P-TEMPLE VAKAWANDA VAKAWANDA maElectrons, uye kuteedzera-chikamu chesimba rekusachena kwemakomba idiki pane iro leadrons. Naizvozvo, vashoma vanotakura nguva yehupenyu hweN-mhando sero rakakwira uye iyo fotolectric yekutendeuka yakakwira. Maererano nedare rekurambidza, muganho wepamusoro wekushandurwa kweP-mhando masero ane makore 24.5%, uye kushandurwa kwemhando yeN-mhando, saka masero eN-shel anomiririra nzira yekuvandudza yehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemangwana. Muna 2021, n-mhando masero (kunyanya kusanganisira heterojunction masero uye masero eTangcon) ane mutengo wakakwira, uye chiyero chekugadzira misa chichiri diki. Chikamu chazvino chemusika chinenge che3%, icho chinonyatsofanana neiyo muna 2020.
Muna 2021, kushandurwa kwekushanduka kweN-Type masero kuchave kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kuchave nekumwe kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi mumakore mashanu anotevera. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kukuru kweP-mhando monocrystalline masero anoshandisa perc tekinoroji, uye kushandurwa kwepakati kuchisvika 23.1%, kuwedzera kwe1.3 muzana mapoinzi kana zvichienzaniswa ne2020; Iko kushandurwa kwekubudirira kwePolycrystalline dema dema silicon masero ekushandisa tekinoroji inosvika 21.0%, kana uchienzaniswa ne2020. Commal PolycryStalline dema Silicon Cell Kubudirira Kuvandudzwa hakuna kusimba, iko kushandurwa kwekushamwaridzana muna 2021 kuchave kunenge kwa19,5% Iyo avhareji yekushandura inobudirira yegot monocrystalline Perc masero ndeye 22.4%, iyo iri 0.7 muzana mapoinzi akaderera pane iyo yeMonocrystalline Perc maseru. Avhareji yekutendeuka kweN-Type TopCon Center inosvika makumi maviri neshanu, uye iyo yepakati yekushandura kushanda kwesimba inosvika 2020, uye avhareji yekushandura kushanda kweIBC maseru anosvika makumi maviri neshanu. Nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi mune ramangwana, tekinoroji yebattery yakadai se tbc uye hbc inogona zvakare kuramba ichifambira mberi. Mune ramangwana, nekudzikiswa kwemitengo yekugadzira uye kuvandudza goho, n-mhando mabhatiri ichave imwe yeiyo huru yekuvandudza mirayiridzo yeTekinoroji yebhatiri.
Kubva pamaonero ebetsero tekinoroji nzira, iyo iterative yekuvandudza tekinoroji yakanyanya kupfuura Bsf, Perc, TopCon yakavakirwa paPerc kugadzirisa, uye HJT, tekinoroji idzva inosimbisa Perc; Nzvimbo dzinogona kuenderera mberi pamwe neICC kuFomu TBC, uye HJT inogona zvakare kusanganiswa neICC kuti ive HBC. P-mhando monocrystalline cell inonyanya kushandisa Perc Technology, P-Type Polycrystalline Mbeu Siltally Polycrystalline Mbeu Wafer yakasanganiswa neyakaenzana crystal uye polycrystalline inogadzirwa kuburikidza neyekutevedzana kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa. Nekuti zvinonyatsoita polycrystalline nzira yekugadzirira, inosanganisirwa muchikamu cheP-mhando Polycrystalline masero. Masero eN-mhando anonyanya kusanganisira Topcon monocrystalline masero, HJT Monocrystalline masero uye IBC Monocrystalline masero. Muna 2021, mitsara matsva ivanhu icharamba ichitongwa nemitsetse yePerc yeCell yekugadzira, uye chikamu chemusika wemasero ePerc anozowedzera kuwedzera kusvika 91.2%. Sezvo chigadzirwa chinodiwa chekunze uye mapurojekiti emumba zvakavezwa pane zvakakwirira-zvinobudirira zvigadzirwa, musika wekugovera mabhatiri eBSF anodzora kubva ku8,8% kusvika 5% muna 20% muna 20% muna 2081.
1.4. Modules: Mari yemasero eCels account yechikamu chikuru, uye simba remanyorera zvinoenderana nemasero
Matanho ekugadzira emahosi emhandoltaic anonyanya kusanganisira cell interconnection uye kuomesa, uye masero account yeakaenzana mutengo wakakwana weiyo module. Sezvo iyo yazvino uye voltage yesero rimwe chete idiki kwazvo, masero anofanirwa kuve akabatikana kuburikidza nemabhonzo ebhazi. Pano, ivo vakabatanidzwa mumatanho ekuwedzera voltage, uye ndokubatana mukufananidza kumusoro, uye bepa rekupfeka, rakazodzvanywa nea aluminium chimiro uye silicone chisimbiso. Kubva pamaonero ekuumbwa kwekugadzira mutengo wekuumbwa, zvinhu zvinodhura maakaundi 75%, kugara chinzvimbo chikuru, kuteverwa nemutengo wekugadzira, mutengo wekugadzira uye mutengo webasa. Mari yemidziyo inotungamirwa nemutengo wemasero. Zvinoenderana nezviziviso kubva kumakambani mazhinji, masero akaunti kweanenge 2/3 yemutengo wakazara wePhosevoltaic Modules.
Photosoltaic Modules anowanzo kukamurwa zvinoenderana nesero remhando, saizi, uye huwandu. Kune mutsauko musimba remamou akasiyana, asi zvese zviri muchikamu chekumusoro. SIMBA ishoko rinokosha rePhosevoltaic Module, rinomiririra kugona kweModule kushandura simba reSolar muMagetsi. Inogona kuoneka kubva kune manhamba emhando dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzepikicha iyo apo saizi uye huwandu hweModule iri N-Type imwechete Crystal> Yakakura saizi uye huwandu, iyo yakakura simba re module; Zvematongero emuchadenga echikono uye heterojunction modules yeiyo yakatarwa, simba rekupedzisira rakakura kupfuura iro rekare. Sekureva kweCpia kufanotaura, simba reModule rinowedzera ne 5-10w pagore mumakore mashoma anotevera. Uye zvakare, module kurongedza ichaunza kumwe kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunyanya kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa uye kurasikirwa kwemagetsi. Iyo yekutanga inokonzerwa neinotapurirana uye yekuisa mismatch yezvirongwa zvekutakura senge girazi reVOV uye Eva, uye iyo yekupedzisira inoreva kushandiswa kwemasero eSolar. Kurasikirwa kwedunhu kunokonzerwa nekupokana kweiyo barbon yebhazi nebhazi pacharo, uye chirwere chebhazi chaicho chinokonzerwa nekubatana kwakafanana kwemasero, kurasikirwa kwakazara kwezvinhu zviviri zve8%.
1.5. Photosoltaic yakaiswa simba: Iwo marongero enyika akasiyana-siyana ari pachena, uye pane nzvimbo huru yekukwanisa kuiswa mutsva mune ramangwana
Nyika yakasvika pakubvumirana neNet zero emissions pasi pechinangwa chekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, uye hupfumi hwezvirongwa zvepamusoro-soro mifananidzo zvakapetwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvakabuda zvishoma nezvishoma. Nyika dziri kushingairira kuongorora kukura kwechizvarwa chisina simba simba. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika dzakatenderedza nyika dzakaitwa kuderedza kabhoni. Vazhinji vevakanyanya greenhouse gasi vanogadzira vanogadzira zvinoenderana nekuvandudza simba remagetsi, uye huwandu hwakaiswa hwesimba rekuvandudza rakakura. Zvichienderana ne1.5 ℃ Tembiricha Kudzora chinangwa, Irena inofungidzira kuti iyo Global yakaiswa simba rekuwedzera, India, United States uye dzimwe nyika dzakatove nesimba rakachipa, uye kuenderera mberi kuderera mune ramangwana. Kusimudzira kunoshanda kwemarongero munyika dzakasiyana siyana uye nehupfumi hwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwakasimba mumubhadharo wepikicha uye china mumakore achangopfuura. Kubva muna2012 kusvika ku20021, iyo Cumulative yakaiswa simba renyika ichawedzera kubva pa104.3Gw, uye iyo yakaiswa simba rekuwedzera kuChina ichawedzera kubva 6.7gw kusvika 307gw, kuwedzera kweanopfuura 44 times. Mukuwedzera, China ichangobva kuiswa photovoltaic capaces account yeanopfuura makumi maviri muzana ezvese zvepasirese nyika yakaiswa simba. Muna 2021, China ichangobva kuiswa photovoltaic yakakura ndeye 53GW, accounting kweanenge makumi mana muzana ezvinyorwa zvichangobva kuiswa pasi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekugoverwa kwakawanda uye kwunifomu kwezvinhu zviyero zvechiedza muChina, iyo yakanyatsonaka kumusoro uye kudzikisira, uye kutsigirwa kwakasimba kwemitemo yenyika. Pakati peino nguva, China yakatamba hombe huru muThotoVoltaic Simba Chizvarwa, uye iyo Cumulative yakaiswa simba rakaverengerwa pane isingasviki 6.5%. akasvetuka kusvika makumi mana neshanu muzana.
Zvichienderana nekuongororwa pamusoro apa, Cpia yakapa fungidziro yekuti ichangobva kuwedzerwa Photovoltaic svuro kubva ku2002 kusvika 2030 pasi rese. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu epamoyo uye anochengetedza, wepasirese achangobva kuiswa mu 2030 achange aine makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu. Pazasi isu tinofanotaura nezve kudiwa kwePolysilicon zvichibva pachiyero cheicho chichangobva kuiswa gore rimwe nerimwe.
1.6. Kuda kufanotaura kwePolysilicon yePhosevoltaic application
Kubva 2022 kusvika 2030, zvichibva paCpia's Forecast yeiyo Global ichangowedzera kuwedzerwa PV gadziriso pasi pezvose zvine tariro uye zvinodiwa zvePolysilicon kwePV zvikumbiro zvinogona kufungidzirwa. Masero idanho rinokosha kuti azive kushandurwa kweThevelectric, uye Silicon Wafers Ndezvekutanga Zvisikwa zveSero uye Direwland yePolysilicon, saka chikamu chakakosha chePolysilic Consecast. Nhamba yehuremu hwezvidimbu pane kilogiramu yeSilicon tsvimbo uye ingots inogona kuverengerwa kubva kuhuwandu hwezvidimbu pane kilogiramu uye shangu yeSilicon tsvimbo uye ingots. Zvadaro, maererano nesimba uye musika chikamu cheSilicon Wafers zvehukuru hwakasiyana, iyo Simba reSilicon dzinogona kuwanikwa, uyezve nhamba inodiwa yeSilicon Wafers inogona kufungidzirwa maererano neiyo ichangobva kuiswa photovoltaic simba. Tevere, uremu hweanodikanwa silicon tsvimbo uye ingori dzinogona kuwanikwa maererano nehukama hwehukama pakati penhamba yeSilicon Kupfuurirwazve pamwe neyekuremerwa silicon yekushandiswa kweSilicon RODS / Silicon ingots, iyo inodiwa yePolysilicon yePoysilicon yekuisa fotovolting polvity inogona kuzokwanisa kuwanikwa. Maererano nekumwe kufanotaura, kudikanwa kwepasirese kwePolysilic kumisiki matsva emapikicha mumakore mashanu apfuura kucharamba kuchikwira, kuchimisa muna 2027, uye ipapo kuderera zvishoma mumakore matatu anotevera. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu epamoyo uye anochengetedza gore rose , 896,900 matani. Zvinoenderana neChinachikamu cheGlobal PhotoVoltaic yakaiswa simba,Kuda kweChina kwePolysilicon ye photovoltaic kushandiswa muna 2025inotarisirwa kuve matani makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matanhatu nemazana matanhatu nemazana matatu nemazana matatu nemazana matatu emamiriro ezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu epfungwa uye anochengetedza, uye makumi manomwe nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi maviri ematani emakungwa zvichiteerana.
2, Semiconductor End Kupera: Chikero chiri diki kwazvo pane zvinodiwa mumunda wepamhepo, uye kukura kwemangwana kunogona kutarisirwa
Kuwedzera pakugadzira mapikicha emapikicha, polyslicon inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakaisa zvinhu zvekugadzira machipisi uye inosanganiswa mumunda wemagetsi kugadzira, mashandiro emaindasitiri, zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, zvemagetsi zvemagetsi uye mamwe minda. Maitiro acho kubva kuPolysilicon kune chip anonyanya kukamurwa kuita matanho matatu. Kutanga, iyo polsicon inokweverwa mu monocrystalline ingots ingots, uye wobva wagura mufiri silicon. Silicon Wafers anogadzirwa kuburikidza neyekutevedzana kwekukuya, chamferring uye kupukurudzira mabasa. , iyo ndiyo yakanyanya zvinyorwa zvekutakura zveSemiconductor fekitori. Pakupedzisira, Silicon Wafer inotemwa uye laser yakanyorwa muzvivakwa zveDunhu dzakasiyana siyana kugadzira chip zvigadzirwa zvine mamwe maitiro. Yakajairika silicon wafters inonyanya kusanganisira mapepa akaputika, epitaxial wafers uye soi wafers. Yakaputirwa wafer ndeyekugadzirwa kwechipfuva nekuputika kwakakura kwakawanikwa nekupukuta silicon. Epitaxial Wafers inowanikwa ne EPitaxial kukura kweanopukunyuka kwemahara, nepo silicon wafters inogadzirwa nekubatanidza kana ion kusimudzwa kweiyo subferes, uye maitiro ekugadzirira akanyanya kuoma.
Kuburikidza nechido chePolysilic paSeemiconductor Side muAgency's Freecast yeiyo Scompenductor Indasitiri mumakore emasikati Muna 2021, iyo Global yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicy kugadzirwa ichaita nezve 6% yehuwandu hwePolysilic polysilic kugadzirwa, uye solar-giredhi polyslicon uye granular silicon ichaita 94%. Yakanyanya-giredhi-giredhi Polysilicon inoshandiswa mumunda weSemiconductor, uye imwe poldilicon inoshandiswa chaizvo muindasitiri yemoto. . Naizvozvo, inogona kufungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwePolysilicon zvakashandiswa mumiconondductor Indasitiri muna 2021 ndeye matani anenge 30,000. Uye zvakare, maererano neramangwana rakakomberedza kukura kweiyo Semiconductor Indasitiri yakafanotaurwa nezveMicunductor Shandara (Bika ROPA: REMUDZIMAI FUNG TANK)
3, Polysilicon Intown uye Kunze: Kunze Kunze Kupfuura Kunze kwenyika, neGermany uye Malaysia Accounting yeiyo yepamusoro chikamu
Muna 2021, anenge 18.63% yechiitiko cheChinese chingi chinouya kubva kunze kwenyika, uye chiyero chekunze chinopfuura chinodarika huwandu hwenyika. Kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2021, iyo yekunongedza uye kutumira kwePolysilicon indasitiri yemapikicha yakawedzera nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura, uye kudiwa kwayo kwePolysilicon account inopfuura 94% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura. Uye zvakare, kambani yacho haisati yagona kugadzirwa tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kweiyo yakakwirira-yegiredhi polysilic Maererano nedatha yedare reSilicon Indasitiri, iyo Inorongedza Vhoriyamu yakaramba ichisvika muna 2018 kusvika panguva imwe chete, OCI, HANWA MAMWE MAMWE MAMWE MAMUSORO Maindasitiri ePolysilicon nekuda kwekurasikirwa, saka kudzivirirwa kwekunze kwePolysilic kwakadzika kwazvo; Kunyangwe kugona kwekugadzira hakuna kuwanda muna 2020, kukanganisa kwedenda kwakatungamira kunonoka mukuvakwa kwemirongwa yePhosvoliane, uye huwandu hwechidhori chePolsliced panguva imwe chete. Muna 2021, Sketol's China MovevoltAIC SOME ichakura nekukurumidza, uye iyo yekuputa yePolslionicon ichasvika 613,000 matani, achityaira iyo yekunyika kuwanda. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, China Net Polysicon Intown Lormy yave pakati pe00,000 matani, ayo anenge gumi nematatu emakumi mairi manhamba ekupenya
China's Polysilicon Intoons inonyanya Kuuya Kubva kuGermany, Japan neTaiwan, China, uye makumi maviri neshanu Germany Iro nePolysic's Polysilic Gighrow Word Wacker, iyo ndiyo huru kwazvo yemakungwa emakungwa, accounting yegumi nemaviri% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepasi rose hwekugadzira muna 2021; Malaysia ine nhamba huru yePolysilicy Production mitsetse kubva kuSouth Korea's OCI Company, iyo inobva kuyaradzo yekugadzira muMalaysia yeTokuyama, kambani yeJapan yakawana ne OCI. Kune mafekitori uye mamwe mafekitori ayo OCI akatama kubva kuSouth Korea kuenda kuMalaysia. Chikonzero chekutamiswa ndechekuti Malaysia inopa yemahara fekitori nzvimbo uye mutengo wemagetsi chikamu chimwe chete-chechitatu chakaderera pane icho cheSouth Korea; Japan neTaiwan, China vane tounyama, tora uye mamwe makambani, ayo anogara mugove wakakura wekugadzirwa kwePolysilicat. nzvimbo. Muna 2021, iyo Polysilic Budube ichave 432,000 matani, iyo chop kuiswa mari yekugadzira ichave iri matani makumi maviri nemana nemazana mana nemazana mana nemazana mana nemakumi mana nemashanu. Muchidimbu chekusimuka chePolysilicon, silicon Wafers, masero uye module anonyanya kutumirwa kunze, pakati pekutumirwa kunze kwenyika inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Muna 2021, 4.64 Bhirioni Silicon Wafers uye 3.2 Bhiriyoni Photevoltaic Masero anga aripokutumirwa kunzeKubva kuChina, neyekunze kwe22.6Gw uye 10.3gw Zvitenderani zvine hungwaru, uye kunze kweExvoltaic Modules ndeye 98.5GW, ine mashoma ekunze. Panyaya yeExport Kukosha Kwekuumbwa, Module Kunze ku2021 kuchazosvika US $ 24.61 bhiriyoni, accounting ye86%, ichiteverwa naSilicon Wafers uye mabhatiri. Muna 2021, iyo Pasi rose Kubuda kweSilicon Wafers, masero ephosvolltaic, uye mafirimu emifananidzo achasvika 97.3%, 85.1%, uye 82.3%, zvichiteerana. Zvinotarisirwa kuti iyo GlobalTial Sindonti yePlevoltaic ichaenderera mberi nekuisa pfungwa kuChina mukati memakore matatu anotevera, uye kuburitsa uye kuburitsa huwandu hwenzvimbo imwe neimwe ichave inofungidzirwa. Naizvozvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubva pa2002 kusvika 2025, huwandu hwePolysilicon hwakashandiswa pakugadzirisa uye kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvekupaza uye zvinotumira kunze kwenyika zvichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa nekubvisa kunze kwenyika kugadzirwa kubva kune yekupfuura mhiri kwePolysilic. Muna 2025, Polysilicon inogadzirwa nekugadzirisa muzvinyorwa zvekusarudzika zvichafungidzirwa kuti kutumira kunze kwenyika 583,000 matani kune vekunze nyika kubva kuChina
4, Pfupiso uye Outlook
Iyo yepasi rose polysilicon inodikanwa inonyanya kuiswa mumunda wepikicha, uye kudiwa mumunda weSemiconductor haisi yekuraira kwehukuru. Kudiwa kwePolysilicon kunofambiswa nePhosavoc Kuisa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuiswa kuna Polysilic kunoburitswa kuburikidza neiyo link ye Photovoltaic Modules-Cell-Wafer, inoburitsa kudiwa kwayo. Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kweiyo Global photovoltaic yakaiswa simba, iyo inodiwa yePolysilicon inowanzo tarisira. Olmimistical, China uye China Nyowani Nyowani Zvichangoitika PH Muna 2021, iyo Global Polysilicon yekupa uye kudiwa ichave yakasimba, zvichikonzera mumitengo yakakwira yepasi rose yepasi rose. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuenderera mberi kusvika 2022, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akatendeukira kuchikamu chekutengesa mushure me2020 Nekudaro, kutenderera kwekuwedzera kweanopfuura rimwe chete uye hafu yemakore kwakakonzera kuburitswa kwekusunungurwa kwehuwandu hwekugadzira pakupera kwe2021 uye kuwanda kwemakumi mairi makumi maviri ematani, saka mitengo yakamuka zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 2022, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu epfungwa emhando yepamusoro akaiswa, iyo yekupa matani-gumi nemashanu nematani zviuru zviviri nemazana mana nemazana mana nemazana mana nemazana mana. Muna 2023 uye kupfuura, mapurojekiti matsva akatanga kuvaka pakupera kwe2021 uye kutanga 2022 kuchatanga kugadzirwa uye kuzadzisa tabm-up mukukwanisa kugadzirwa. Kupa uye kudiwa kuchasunungura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mitengo inogona kunge iri pasi pekumanikidza. Mukutevera, kutarisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune iyo hondo yeRussia -Ukisa yepasi rose, iyo inogona kuchinja chirongwa chepasirese chitsva yakaiswa photovolting polvovoltive, inokanganisa kudiwa kwePolysilic.
.