1. Polysilicon indasitiri chain: Maitiro ekugadzira akaomarara, uye yakadzika inotarisa pane photovoltaic semiconductors.
Polysilicon inonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kumaindasitiri silicon, chlorine uye hydrogen, uye inowanikwa kumusoro kweiyo photovoltaic uye semiconductor indasitiri cheni. Zvinoenderana neCPIA data, yazvino yakajairika polysilicon yekugadzira nzira munyika ndiyo yakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira, kunze kweChina, inopfuura 95% yepolysilicon inogadzirwa neyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira. Mukugadzira polysilicon neyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira, kutanga, chlorine gasi inosanganiswa nehydrogen gasi kugadzira hydrogen chloride, uyezve inopindirana nesilicon poda mushure mekupwanya nekukuya kwesilicon yeindasitiri kugadzira trichlorosilane, iyo inowedzera kuderedzwa. hydrogen gasi kugadzira polysilicon. Polycrystalline silicon inogona kunyungudutswa uye kutonhodzwa kuita polycrystalline silicon ingots, uye monocrystalline silicon inogona zvakare kugadzirwa neCzochralski kana zone melting. Kuenzaniswa nepolycrystalline silicon, imwe crystal silicon inoumbwa nekriststal tsanga dzine yakafanana crystal orientation, saka ine zvirinani magetsi conductivity uye kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka. Ose ari maviri epolycrystalline silicon ingots uye monocrystalline silicon tsvimbo anogona kuchekwa uye kugadziriswa kuita silicon wafers uye masero, ayo anozoita zvikamu zvakakosha zve photovoltaic modules uye anoshandiswa mumunda we photovoltaic. Uye zvakare, imwechete crystal silicon wafers inogona zvakare kuumbwa kuita silicon wafers nekudzokorodza kukuya, kupukuta, epitaxy, kuchenesa uye mamwe maitiro, ayo anogona kushandiswa se substrate zvinhu zve semiconductor zvemagetsi zvishandiso.
Iyo polysilicon tsvina yemukati inonyatso kudiwa, uye iyo indasitiri ine hunhu hwepamusoro capital investment uye yakakwirira tekinoroji zvipingamupinyi. Sezvo kuchena kwepolysilicon kuchizokanganisa zvakanyanya iyo imwechete crystal silicon yekudhirowa maitiro, izvo zvekuchena zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuomarara. Iko kuchena kudiki kwepolysilicon ndeye 99.9999%, uye yepamusoro-soro iri padyo ne100%. Mukuwedzera, mitemo yenyika yeChina inoisa mberi zvakajeka zvinodiwa zvehutano husina kuchena, uye zvichibva pane izvi, polysilicon yakakamurwa kuva giredhi I, II, uye III, iyo iyo zvinyorwa zveboron, phosphorus, okisijeni uye kabhoni indekisi yakakosha yereferensi. "Polysilicon Indasitiri Kuwana Mamiriro" inotaura kuti mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuve neanonzwika emhando yekuongorora uye manejimendi system, uye zviyero zvechigadzirwa zvinonyatso kuenderana nemitemo yenyika; uyezve, mamiriro ekuwana anodawo chiyero uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwemabhizinesi ekugadzira polysilicon, senge solar-giredhi, yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon Chiyero chepurojekiti yakakura kupfuura mazana matatu ezviuru / gore uye 1000 matani / gore zvichiteerana, uye iyo shoma capital reshiyo. mukudyara kwekuvaka kutsva nekuvakazve uye mapurojekiti ekuwedzera hakuzodzike kupfuura 30%, saka polysilicon iindasitiri ine capital-intensive. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeCPIA, mutengo wekudyara we10,000-ton polysilicon yekugadzira mutsara michina yakaiswa mukushanda muna 2021 yakawedzera zvishoma kusvika 103 miriyoni yuan/kt. Chikonzero ndechekukwira kwemutengo wezvinhu zvakawanda zvesimbi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mari yekudyara mune ramangwana ichawedzera nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji uye monomer inodzikira sezvo saizi inowedzera. Zvinoenderana nemirairo, simba rekushandiswa kwepolysilicon yezuva-giredhi uye yemagetsi-giredhi Czochralski kuderedzwa kunofanirwa kunge kuri pasi pe60 kWh/kg uye 100 kWh/kg zvichiteerana, uye zvinodikanwa zvesimba rekushandisa zviratidzo zvine kuomarara. Kugadzirwa kwePolysilicon kunowanzo kunge kuri kweindasitiri yemakemikari. Iyo nzira yekugadzira yakaoma, uye chikumbaridzo chehunyanzvi nzira, kusarudzwa kwemidziyo, kutumwa uye kushanda kwakakwira. Maitiro ekugadzira anosanganisira akawanda akaomarara maitiro emakemikari, uye nhamba yekudzora node inodarika 1,000. Zvakaoma kune vatsva vanopinda Kurumidza kugona hunyanzvi hwekuita. Naizvozvo, kune yakakwira capital uye tekinoroji zvipingamupinyi muindasitiri yekugadzira polysilicon, iyo inosimudzirawo vagadziri vepolysilicon kuti vaite yakasimba tekinoroji optimization yekuyerera kwemaitiro, kurongedza uye kufambisa maitiro.
2. Polysilicon kupatsanurwa: kuchena kunosarudza kushandiswa, uye solar giredhi inotora mainstream
Polycrystalline silicon, chimiro cheiyo elemental silicon, inoumbwa nekristaro tsanga dzine akasiyana makristasi ekutarisa, uye inonyanya kucheneswa neindasitiri silicon kugadzirisa. Kuonekwa kwepolysilicon igrey metallic luster, uye nzvimbo yekunyunguduka inenge 1410 ℃. Iyo haishande pakudziya kwekamuri uye inowedzera kushanda muyakanyungudutswa. Polysilicon ine semiconductor zvimiro uye yakakosha zvakanyanya uye yakanakisa semiconductor zvinhu, asi hushoma hutsvina hunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwayo. Kune dzakawanda kupatsanura nzira dze polysilicon. Pamusoro peiyo yataurwa pamusoro apa maererano nemitemo yenyika yeChina, dzimwe nzira nhatu dzakakosha dzekuisa dzinounzwa pano. Zvinoenderana nekuchena kwezvinodiwa uye kushandiswa, polysilicon inogona kukamurwa kuita solar-giredhi polysilicon uye yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon. Solar-giredhi polysilicon inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira photovoltaic masero, nepo zvemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yedunhu yakabatanidzwa seyakagadzirwa machipisi uye kumwe kugadzira. Kuchena kwezuva-giredhi polysilicon ndeye 6 ~ 8N, ndiko kuti, iyo yakazara tsvina yemukati inodiwa kuve yakaderera pane 10 -6, uye kuchena kwepolysilicon kunofanira kusvika 99.9999% kana kupfuura. Izvo zvinodiwa zvekuchena zvemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon zvakanyanya kuomarara, zvine hushoma hwe9N uye huwandu hwazvino hwe12N. Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon kwakaoma. Kune mashoma mabhizinesi eChinese akagona tekinoroji yekugadzira yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon, uye achiri kutsamira pane kunze kwenyika. Parizvino, kubuda kwe solar-giredhi polysilicon yakakura kupfuura iyo yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon, uye yekutanga inenge 13.8 yakapetwa pane yekupedzisira.
Zvinoenderana nemusiyano we doping tsvina uye conductivity mhando yesilicon zvinhu, inogona kukamurwa kuita P-mhando uye N-mhando. Kana silicon yaiswa neanogamuchira kusachena zvinhu, senge boron, aluminium, gallium, nezvimwewo, inotongwa negomba conduction uye iP-mhando. Kana silicon yaiswa zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvevanopa, senge phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, nezvimwewo, inotongwa neelectron conduction uye iN-mhando. P-mhando mabhatiri anonyanya kusanganisira BSF mabhatiri uye PERC mabhatiri. Muna 2021, mabhatiri ePERC achazvidavirira kupfuura 91% yemusika wepasi rose, uye mabhatiri eBSF achabviswa. Munguva iyo PERC inotsiva BSF, kushandurwa kwakanaka kweP-type masero kwakawedzera kubva pasi pe20% kusvika kune anopfuura 23%, iyo yave kuda kusvika kune theoretical yepamusoro muganho we24.5%, nepo theoretical wepamusoro muganho weN- masero emhando ndeye 28.7%, uye N-mhando masero ane yakanyanya kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka, Nekuda kwezvakanaka zveyakakwira bifacial ratio uye yakaderera tembiricha coefficient, makambani atanga kuendesa mitsetse yekugadzira yakawanda yemabhatiri eN-mhando. Maererano nekufanotaura kweCPIA, huwandu hwemabhatiri emhando yeN huchawedzera zvakanyanya kubva pa3% kusvika pa13.4% muna 2022. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mumakore mashanu anotevera, kudzokororwa kwebhatiri reN-mhando kuenda kuP-mhando yebhatiri kuchaunzwa. . Zvinoenderana neakasiyana emhando yepamusoro, inogona kukamurwa kuita dense material, cauliflower material uye coral material. Pamusoro pechinhu chakaomeswa chine yakaderera dhigirii ye concavity, isingasviki 5mm, isina ruvara abnormality, hapana oxidation interlayer, uye mutengo wepamusoro; pamusoro pekoriflower zvinhu zvine mwero dhigirii ye concavity, 5-20mm, chikamu chiri pakati nepakati, uye mutengo uri pakati-renji; nepo pamusoro peiyo coral zvinhu zvine yakanyanya kukomba concavity, Iyo yakadzika yakakura kupfuura 20mm, chikamu chakasununguka, uye mutengo wakaderera. Iyo dense zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa kudhirowa monocrystalline silicon, nepo cauliflower zvinhu uye coral zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira polycrystalline silicon wafers. Mukugadzirwa kwezuva nezuva kwemabhizinesi, iyo yakaomeswa zvinhu inogona kugadzirwa isina isingasviki 30% cauliflower zvinhu kugadzira monocrystalline silicon. Mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvinogona kuchengetwa, asi kushandiswa kwekoriflower zvinhu kunoderedza kukweva kwekristaro kune imwe nhanho. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kusarudza iyo yakakodzera doping ratio mushure mekuyera maviri. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutsauko wemutengo pakati pezvinhu zvakakora uye cauliflower zvinhu zvakadzikama pa3 RMB / kg. Kana mutsauko wemutengo ukawedzera kuwedzera, makambani anogona kufunga nezve doping yakawanda cauliflower zvinhu mune monocrystalline silicon kudhonza.
3. Maitiro: Siemens nzira inotora hukuru, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunova kiyi yekuchinja kwehunyanzvi
Iyo nzira yekugadzira ye polysilicon yakakamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri. Padanho rekutanga, indasitiri yesilicon poda inobatwa neanhydrous hydrogen chloride kuwana trichlorosilane nehydrogen. Mushure mekudzokororwa distillation uye kucheneswa, gaseous trichlorosilane, dichlorodihydrosilicon uye Silane; danho rechipiri nderokuderedza yakataurwa pamusoro-yakachena gasi kune crystalline silicon, uye danho rekuderedza rakasiyana mune yakagadziridzwa Siemens nzira uye silane fluidized bed method. Iyo yakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira ine yakakura kugadzira tekinoroji uye yakakwirira chigadzirwa mhando, uye parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira tekinoroji. Iyo yechinyakare Siemens yekugadzira nzira ndeye kushandisa chlorine uye hydrogen kugadzira anhydrous hydrogen chloride, hydrogen chloride uye upfu indasitiri silicon kuti synthesize trichlorosilane pane imwe tembiricha, uye ipapo kupatsanura, kugadzirisa uye kuchenesa trichlorosilane. Iyo silicon inopinda mukupisa kwekudzikisira kuita muchoto chekudzikisa hydrogen kuti iwane elemental silicon yakaiswa pane iyo silicon core. Pamusoro pechikonzero ichi, iyo yakagadziridzwa Siemens maitiro akashongedzerwawo neanotsigira maitiro ekudzokorodza yakawanda yakawanda-yakagadzirwa senge hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, uye silicon tetrachloride inogadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira, kunyanya kusanganisira kuderedza muswe gasi kupora uye silicon tetrachloride kushandiswa zvakare. teknolojia. Hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, trichlorosilane, uye silicon tetrachloride mumhepo yekuburitsa gasi inoparadzaniswa nekuoma kupora. Hydrogen nehydrogen chloride inogona kushandiswa zvakare kugadzira uye kuchenesa ne trichlorosilane, uye trichlorosilane inodzokororwa yakananga mukuderedza kupisa. Kucheneswa kunoitwa muchoto, uye silicon tetrachloride iri hydrogenated kugadzira trichlorosilane, inogona kushandiswa kunatswa. Iyi nhanho inonzi zvakare inotonhora yehydrogenation kurapwa. Nekuona kugadzirwa kwakavharwa-yedunhu, mabhizinesi anogona kudzikisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa uye magetsi, nekudaro kuchengetedza zvinobudirira mutengo wekugadzira.
Mutengo wekugadzira polysilicon uchishandisa yakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira muChina unosanganisira mbichana, kushandiswa kwesimba, kuderera, mutengo wekugadzirisa, etc. Kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi muindasitiri kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mutengo. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kureva maindasitiri silicon uye trichlorosilane, mashandisirwo esimba anosanganisira magetsi uye chiutsi, uye mutengo wekugadzirisa unoreva kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa mutengo wemidziyo yekugadzira. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeBaichuan Yingfu pamitengo yekugadzira polysilicon mukutanga kwaChikumi 2022, mbishi ndiyo inonyanya kudhura chinhu, inoverengera 41% yemutengo wakakwana, iyo silicon yeindasitiri ndiyo inonyanya kukosha silicon. Iyo silicon unit inoshandiswa inowanzoshandiswa muindastiri inomiririra huwandu hwesilicon inopedzwa pachikamu chepamusoro-kuchena zvigadzirwa zvesilicon. Nzira yekuverenga ndeye kushandura zvese-silicon-ine zvinhu zvakadai sekunze kweindasitiri silicon poda uye trichlorosilane kuita yakachena silicon, uye wobva wabvisa iyo outsourced chlorosilane sepaKuwanda kwesilicon yakachena yakashandurwa kubva pasilicon content ratio. Maererano neCPIA data, chiyero chekushandiswa kwesilicon chinodonha ne 0.01 kg / kg-Si kusvika 1.09 kg / kg-Si muna 2021. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekuvandudzwa kwekutonhora kwehydrogenation kurapwa uye ne-product recycling, zvinotarisirwa kuti kuderera kusvika 1.07 kg / kg ne 2030. kg-Si. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, kushandiswa kwesilicon kwemakambani mashanu epamusoro eChinese muindasitiri yepolysilicon kwakadzikira pane avhareji yeindasitiri. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vaviri vavo vachadya 1.08 kg / kg-Si uye 1.05 kg / kg-Si maererano muna 2021. Chikamu chechipiri chepamusoro-soro chekushandisa simba, chinotora 32% muhuwandu, iyo magetsi inotora 30% ye mutengo wakazara, zvichiratidza kuti mutengo wemagetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka zvichiri zvakakosha zvekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon. Izvo zviviri zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuyera kushanda kwesimba zvakakwana kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Iko kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kunoreva maitiro ekudzikisa trichlorosilane uye hydrogen kugadzira yakakwirira-kuchena silicon zvinhu. Iko kushandiswa kwesimba kunosanganisira silicon core preheating uye deposition. , kuchengetedza kupisa, kupera kwemhepo uye mamwe maitiro ekushandisa simba. Muna 2021, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mashandisirwo akazara esimba, avhareji mashandisirwo emagetsi ekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon achadzikira ne5.3% gore negore kusvika pa63kWh/kg-Si, uye avhareji yekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kuchaderera ne6.1% gore- pa-gore kusvika ku46kWh/kg-Si, iyo inotarisirwa kudzikira zvakare mune ramangwana. . Mukuwedzera, kuderera zvakare chinhu chakakosha chemutengo, kuverenga kwe17%. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti, maererano nedata reBaichuan Yingfu, mutengo wakakwana wekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon mukutanga kwaChikumi 2022 waive 55,816 yuan/tani, avhareji mutengo wepolysilicon pamusika waive 260,000 yuan/ton, uye gross profit margin yaive. yakakwira se70% kana kupfuura, saka yakakwezva nhamba huru yeMabhizinesi anoisa mari mukuvaka kwepolysilicon kugadzirwa kwesimba.
Pane nzira mbiri dzekuti vagadziri vepolysilicon vaderedze mitengo, imwe ndeyekudzikisa mutengo wemidziyo, uye imwe ndeyekudzikisa mashandisiro emagetsi. Panyaya yezvigadzirwa, vagadziri vanogona kuderedza mutengo wezvigadzirwa nekusaina zvibvumirano zvekugara kwenguva refu nevanogadzira silicon maindasitiri, kana kuvaka yakabatanidzwa kumusoro nekudzika kwekugadzira kugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, zvidyarwa zvekugadzira polysilicon zvinotsamira pane yavo yega maindasitiri silicon kupa. Panyaya yekushandiswa kwemagetsi, vagadziri vanogona kuderedza mari yemagetsi kuburikidza nemitengo yakaderera yemagetsi uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekushandisa. Inenge 70% yehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwemagetsi kudzikisira kushandiswa kwemagetsi, uye kudzikisa zvakare chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kweyakakwirira-kuchena crystalline silicon. Naizvozvo, yakawanda polysilicon kugadzirwa kwesimba muChina yakatarisana mumatunhu ane yakaderera mitengo yemagetsi akadai Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan uye Yunnan. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi kwemitemo yekabhoni mbiri, zvakaoma kuwana huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi akaderera. Naizvozvo, kudzikisira mashandisirwo emagetsi ekudzikisira kuri kukwanisika kudzikiswa kwemutengo nhasi. Way. Parizvino, nzira inoshanda yekudzikisa kudzikisa simba rekushandisa ndeyekuwedzera huwandu hwesilicon cores muchoto chekudzikisa, nekudaro kuwedzera kuburitsa kweimwe unit. Parizvino, marudzi echoto ekudzikisa akajairika muChina ane 36 paya dzetsvimbo, 40 peya dzetsvimbo uye 48 peya dzetsvimbo. Mhando yechoto inokwidziridzwa kusvika makumi matanhatu pairi yetsvimbo uye makumi manomwe nembiri peya dzetsvimbo, asi panguva imwecheteyo, inoisawo mberi zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekugadzira tekinoroji level yemabhizinesi.
Kana ichienzaniswa neyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira, silane fluidized bed method ine mabhenefiti matatu, imwe yakaderera simba rekushandisa, imwe yakakwira kristaro kudhonza kubuda, uye chechitatu ndechekuti zviri nani kusanganisa neiyo yepamusoro CCZ inoenderera mberi Czochralski tekinoroji. Zvinoenderana nedhata yeSilicon Indasitiri Bazi, iyo yakazara simba mashandisirwo eiyo silane fluidized bed nzira ndeye 33.33% yeyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira, uye kudzikisa simba rekushandisa i10% yeyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira. Iyo silane fluidized bed method ine zvakakosha zvekushandisa simba. Panyaya yekudhonza kwekristaro, iwo emuviri zvimiro zvegranular silicon zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuzadza zvizere quartz crucible mune imwechete crystal silicon inodhonza tsvimbo. Polycrystalline silicon uye granular silicon inogona kuwedzera muto mumwechete crucible kuchaja simba ne 29%, uku ichideredza nguva yekuchaja ne 41%, ichivandudza zvakanyanya kudhonza kwekamwe crystal silicon. Uye zvakare, granular silicon ine dhayamita diki uye yakanaka fluidity, iyo inonyanya kukodzera yeCCZ inoenderera Czochralski nzira. Parizvino, tekinoroji huru yekukwevera kwekristaro pakati nepakati uye yakaderera ndiyo RCZ imwe chete crystal re-casting nzira, iyo yekudyisazve uye kudhonza kristaro mushure mekunge imwe crystal silicon tsvimbo yadhonzwa. Iyo dhizaini inoitwa panguva imwe chete, iyo inochengetedza nguva yekutonhora yeimwe crystal silicon rod, saka kugona kwekugadzira kwakakwira. Iko kukurumidza kusimudzira kweCCZ inoenderera mberi yeCzochralski nzira inosimudzirawo kudiwa kwegranular silicon. Kunyange zvazvo granular silicon ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, senge yakawanda silicon poda inogadzirwa nekukweshana, nzvimbo hombe yepamusoro uye nyore adsorption yezvinosvibisa, uye hydrogen yakasanganiswa kuita hydrogen panguva yekunyunguduka, izvo zviri nyore kukonzeresa kusvetuka, asi zvichienderana nezviziviso zvazvino zveakakodzera granular silicon. mabhizinesi, matambudziko aya ari kuvandudzwa uye Kumwe kufambira mberi kwakaitwa.
silane fluidized bed process yakakura muEurope nekuUnited States, uye yave muhucheche mushure mekutanga mabhizinesi eChinese. Kare kuma1980s, silicon yekunze yakamirirwa neREC neMEMC yakatanga kuongorora kugadzirwa kwesilicon yegranular uye yakaona kugadzirwa kwakakura. Pakati pavo, REC's yakazara kugadzirwa kweiyo granular silicon yakasvika 10,500 matani / gore muna 2010, uye kana ichienzaniswa neayo maSiemens panguva imwe cheteyo, yaive nemubhadharo weinenge US $ 2-3 / kg. Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekudhonzwa kwekristaro imwe chete, kugadzirwa kwekambani yegranular silicon kwakamira uye kwakazomira kugadzirwa, ndokutendeukira kumubatanidzwa neChina kumisa bhizinesi rekugadzira kuti riite kugadzirwa kwegranular silicon.
4. Raw zvinhu: Industrial silicon ndiyo musimboti mbishi zvinhu, uye kupa kunogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa polysilicon kuwedzera.
Indasitiri silicon ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu zvepolysilicon kugadzirwa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwesilicon kwemaindasitiri ekuChina kuchakura zvishoma nezvishoma kubva muna 2022 kusvika 2025. Kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2021, kugadzirwa kwesilicon kwemaindasitiri kweChina kuri padanho rekuwedzera, neavhareji yekukura kwehuwandu hwekugadzira uye kubuda inosvika 7.4% ne8.6% zvichiteerana . Zvinoenderana neSMM data, ichangobva kuwedzeraindasitiri silicon kugadzira kugonamuChina ichava 890,000 matani uye 1.065 mamiriyoni ematani muna 2022 uye 2023. Tichifunga kuti makambani emaindasitiri esilicon acharamba achichengetedza huwandu hwekushandisa uye chiyero chekushanda chingangoita 60% mune ramangwana, China ichangobva kuwedzera.kugona kugadzira muna 2022 uye 2023 kuchaunza kuwedzera kwekubuda kwe320,000 matani uye 383,000 matani. Maererano nekufungidzira kweGFCI,China maindasitiri nesilicon kugadzira simba muna 22/23/24/25 anenge 5.90/697/6.71/6.5 mamiriyoni matani, rinoenderana 3.55/391/4.18/4.38 mamiriyoni matani.
Mwero wekukura wenzvimbo mbiri dzakasara dzezasi dzeiyo superimposed maindasitiri silicon inonoka, uye kugadzirwa kwesilicon kwemaindasitiri kweChina kunogona kusangana nekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwesilicon kwemaindasitiri eChina kuchave 5.385 miriyoni matani, inoenderana nekubuda kwematani 3.213 miriyoni, iyo polysilicon, organic silicon, uye aruminiyamu alloys ichapedza 623,000 matani, 898,000 matani, uye 649,000 matani zvakateerana. Pamusoro pezvo, anoda kusvika 780,000 matani ekubuda anoshandiswa kune Export. Muna 2021, kushandiswa kwepolysilicon, organic silicon, uye aruminiyamu alloys kuchazvidavirira 19%, 28%, uye 20% yemaindasitiri silicon, zvichiteerana. Kubva 2022 kusvika 2025, kukura kweiyo organic silicon kugadzirwa kunotarisirwa kuramba kuine gumi muzana, uye kukura kwealuminum alloy kugadzirwa kwakaderera kupfuura 5%. Naizvozvo, isu tinotenda kuti huwandu hwemaindasitiri silicon inogona kushandiswa polysilicon muna 2022-2025 inokwana, inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa zvepolysilicon. kugadzirwa zvinodiwa.
5. Polysilicon inopa:Chinainobata chinzvimbo chepamusoro, uye kugadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kunoungana kumabhizinesi anotungamira
Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon yepasi rose kwakawedzera gore negore, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakaungana muChina. Kubva 2017 kusvika 2021, kugadzirwa kwepagore kwepolysilicon kwepasi rose kwakwira kubva pa432,000 matani kusvika pa631,000 matani, nekukura nekukurumidza muna 2021, nekukura kwe21.11%. Munguva iyi, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon yepasi rose kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma muChina, uye chikamu cheChina chekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon chakawedzera kubva pa56.02% muna 2017 kusvika pa80.03% muna 2021. Kuenzanisa makambani gumi epamusoro muhuwandu hwekugadzira polysilicon yepasi rose muna 2010 na2021, inogona kuva akawana kuti nhamba yemakambani eChinese yakawedzera kubva ku4 kusvika ku8, uye chiyero chekugadzira kukwanisa kwemamwe makambani eAmerica neKorea akaderera zvakanyanya, achidonha kubva mumapoka gumi epamusoro, akadai HEMOLOCK, OCI, REC uye MEMC; iyo indasitiri yekumisikidza yakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwese hwekugadzira hwemakambani gumi epamusoro muindasitiri hwawedzera kubva pa57.7% kusvika 90.3%. Muna 2021, kune makambani mashanu eChinese anoverengera anopfuura gumi muzana ehuwandu hwekugadzira, achiverengera huwandu hwe65.7%. . Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvikuru zvekufambisa zvishoma nezvishoma kweindasitiri yepolysilicon kuChina. Chekutanga, vagadziri veChinese polysilicon vane mabhenefiti akakosha maererano nemidziyo, magetsi uye mutengo wevashandi. Mihoro yevashandi yakaderera pane yedzimwe nyika, saka mutengo wese wekugadzira muChina wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wedzimwe nyika, uye ucharamba uchidzikira nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi; chechipiri, mhando yezvigadzirwa zveChinese polysilicon zviri kuramba zvichivandudza, mazhinji acho ari pasolar-giredhi rekutanga-kirasi level, uye ega ega epamberi mabhizinesi ari mukuchena zvinodiwa. Mabhindauko akaitwa mukugadzira tekinoroji yepamusoro yegiredhi repolysilicon, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiunza kutsiviwa kweyemagetsi-giredhi repolysilicon yekutenga kunze kwenyika, uye mabhizinesi anotungamira ekuChina ari kusimudzira kuvakwa kwemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon mapurojekiti. Kugadzirwa kwesilicon wafers muChina kunodarika 95% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwepasirese, iyo yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mwero wekuzvikwanira wepolysilicon yeChina, iyo yakadzvanya musika wemabhizimusi epolysilicon ekunze kusvika pamwero wakati.
Kubva 2017 kusvika 2021, kuburitswa kwepagore kwepolysilicon kuChina kuchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakapfuma zviwanikwa zvemagetsi zvakaita seXinjiang, Inner Mongolia, neSichuan. Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon yeChina kuchawedzera kubva pa392,000 matani kusvika pa505,000 matani, kuwedzera kwe28.83%. Panyaya yehuwandu hwekugadzira, yeChina polysilicon yekugadzira huwandu hwagara huri pamusoro, asi hwakaderera muna 2020 nekuda kwekuvharwa kwevamwe vagadziri. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwekushandisa huwandu hweChinese polysilicon mabhizinesi huri kuramba huchiwedzera kubva 2018, uye huwandu hwekushandisa huwandu muna 2021 huchasvika 97.12%. Panyaya yemapurovhinzi, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon yeChina muna 2021 kunonyanya kuiswa munzvimbo dzine mitengo yakaderera yemagetsi seXinjiang, Inner Mongolia, neSichuan. Xinjiang inobuda matani mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nemazana mana, inodarika hafu yezvakabuda muChina.
Indasitiri yeChina yepolysilicon inoratidzwa nehupamhi hwekusungwa, ine CR6 kukosha kwe77%, uye kuchave nekumwe kukwira kumusoro mune ramangwana. Kugadzirwa kwePolysilicon iindasitiri ine mari yakakwira uye yakakwirira tekinoroji zvipingamupinyi. Iyo purojekiti yekuvaka uye kutenderera kwekugadzira kazhinji makore maviri kana kupfuura. Zvakaoma kuti vagadziri vatsva vapinde muindastiri. Tichitarisa kubva kune inozivikanwa yakarongwa yekuwedzera uye mapurojekiti matsva mumakore matatu anotevera, vagadziri ve oligopolistic muindastiri vacharamba vachiwedzera hunyanzvi hwavo hwekugadzira nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo uye hukuru hwakanakira, uye chinzvimbo chavo chega chicharamba chichikwira.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuwanikwa kwepolysilicon yeChina kuchaunza kukura kukuru kubva muna 2022 kusvika 2025, uye kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon kuchasvika miriyoni 1.194 matani muna 2025, zvichifambisa kuwedzera kwepasi rose kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon. Muna 2021, nekukwira kwakanyanya kwemutengo wepolysilicon muChina, vagadziri vakuru vakaisa mari mukuvaka mitsara mitsva yekugadzira, uye panguva imwechete yakakwezva vagadziri vatsva kuti vabatane neindasitiri. Sezvo mapurojekiti epolysilicon achitora angangoita gore nehafu kusvika makore maviri kubva pakuvaka kusvika pakugadzirwa, kuvaka kutsva muna 2021 kuchapedzwa. Hunhu hwekugadzira hunowanzoiswa mukugadzirwa muhafu yechipiri ye2022 uye 2023. Izvi zvinonyatsoenderana nehurongwa hutsva hwepurojekiti hwakaziviswa nevagadziri vakuru parizvino. Hutsva hutsva hwekugadzira mu 2022-2025 hunonyanya kuiswa mu 2022 uye 2023. Mushure mezvo, sekupa uye kudiwa kwepolysilicon uye mutengo zvishoma nezvishoma unogadzikana, huwandu hwehuwandu hwekugadzira mumhizha huchagadzikana zvishoma nezvishoma. Pasi, ndiko kuti, kukura kwehuwandu hwekugadzira hunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwemabhizinesi epolysilicon hwakaramba huri padanho repamusoro mumakore maviri apfuura, asi zvichatora nguva kuti kugadzirwa kwemapurojekiti matsva kukwire, uye zvinotora hurongwa hwevatsva kupinda kuti vagone yakakodzera tekinoroji yekugadzirira. Naizvozvo, huwandu hwekushandisa huwandu hwemapurojekiti matsva epolysilicon mumakore mashoma anotevera huchave hwakaderera. Kubva pane izvi, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon muna 2022-2025 kunogona kufanotaurwa, uye kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon muna 2025 kunotarisirwa kunge kuri matani 1.194 miriyoni.
Kugadziriswa kwesimba rekugadzira mhiri kwemakungwa kwakakwira zvakanyanya, uye chiyero nekumhanya kwekuwedzera kwekugadzira mumakore matatu anotevera hakuzove kwakanyanya seyeChina. Mhiri kwemakungwa polysilicon kugadzirwa kwesimba rinonyanya kunyudzwa mumakambani mana anotungamira, uye mamwe akanyanya madiki ekugadzira. Panyaya yehuwandu hwekugadzira, Wacker Chem inogara hafu yemhiri kwemakungwa polysilicon kugadzirwa kwesimba. Mafekitari ayo muGermany neUnited States ane masimba ekugadzira e60,000 matani uye 20,000 matani, zvichiteerana. Kuwedzera kwakapinza kwepasi rose polysilicon kugadzirwa kwehuwandu muna 2022 uye mberi kunogona kuunza Kunetsekana nekuwandisa, kambani ichiri mukumirira-uye-kuona mamiriro uye haisati yaronga kuwedzera hutsva hwekugadzira. South Korean polysilicon hofori yeOCI iri kutamisa mutsara wayo wekugadzira solar-giredhi yepolysilicon kuenda kuMalaysia uku ichichengeta iyo yekutanga yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon mutsara wekugadzira muChina, uyo wakarongwa kusvika 5,000 matani muna 2022. OCI's kugadzira kugona kuMalaysia kuchasvika 27,000 matani uye 30,000 matani muna 2020 na2021, kuwana yakaderera mutengo wekushandisa simba uye kunzvenga miripo yakakwira yeChina papolysilicon muUnited States neSouth Korea. Kambani iyi inoronga kugadzira zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu zvematani asi zuva rekutanga harina kujeka. Inotarisirwa kuwedzera pamwero wematani 5 000 pagore mumakore mana anotevera. Kambani yekuNorway REC ine mabhesi maviri ekugadzira muWashington state neMontana, USA, ine gore negore kugadzirwa kwematani zviuru gumi nezvisere zvepolysilicon yesolar-grade uye zviuru zviviri zvematani eelectronic-grade polysilicon. REC, iyo yaive mukushushikana kwemari kwakadzama, yakasarudza kumisa kugadzirwa, ndokuzomutswa nekuwedzera kwemitengo yepolysilicon muna 2021, kambani yakafunga kutangazve kugadzira matani zviuru gumi nezvisere zvezvirongwa mudunhu reWashington uye zviuru zviviri zvematani muMontana mukupera kwa2023. , uye inogona kupedzisa ramp-up yehuwandu hwekugadzira muna 2024. Hemlock ndiyo yakakura yepolysilicon inogadzira muUnited States, inyanzvi ye-high-purity electronic-grade polysilicon. Izvo zvipingamupinyi zvepamusoro-tekinoroji zvekugadzira zvinoita kuti zviome kuti zvigadzirwa zvekambani zvitsiviwa mumusika. Yakasanganiswa nenyaya yekuti kambani haina kuronga kuvaka mapurojekiti matsva mukati memakore mashoma, zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu hwekugadzira hwekambani huve 2022-2025. Kubuda kwegore negore kunoramba kuri pa18,000 tons. Pamusoro pezvo, muna 2021, hutsva hwekugadzira huwandu hwemakambani kunze kwemakambani mana ari pamusoro huchave matani zviuru zvishanu. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekunzwisisa kwezvirongwa zvekugadzira zvemakambani ese, zvinofungidzirwa pano kuti hutsva hwekugadzira huchava matani zviuru zvishanu pagore kubva 2022 kusvika 2025.
Zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira mhiri kwemakungwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon mhiri kwemakungwa muna 2025 kunenge kuri matani zviuru zana nemakumi manomwe nematanhatu, tichifunga kuti chiyero chekushandiswa kwemhiri kwemakungwa polysilicon kugadzirwa kwesimba kunoramba kusingachinji. Mushure mekunge mutengo wepolysilicon wakwira zvakanyanya muna 2021, makambani eChinese akawedzera kugadzirwa nekuwedzera kugadzirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, makambani ekunze anongwarira muzvirongwa zvavo zvezvirongwa zvitsva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hutongi hweindasitiri yepolysilicon hwatove mukutonga kweChina, uye kuwedzera nekusaona kugadzira kunogona kuunza kurasikirwa. Kubva kudivi remutengo, kushandiswa kwesimba ndicho chikamu chikuru chemutengo wepolysilicon, saka mutengo wemagetsi wakakosha zvikuru, uye Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan uye mamwe matunhu ane zvakanakira zviri pachena. Kubva kudivi rekuda, seyakananga kudzika kwepolysilicon, yeChina silicon wafer kugadzirwa inodarika 99% yepasi rose. Iyo yakadzika indasitiri yepolysilicon inonyanya kuomeswa muChina. Mutengo wepolysilicon unogadzirwa wakaderera, mutengo wekufambisa wakaderera, uye kudiwa kunovimbiswa zvizere. Chechipiri, China yakatemera mutero wepamusoro-soro wepolysilicon kubva kunze kwenyika kubva kuUnited States neSouth Korea, iyo yakadzvinyirira zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwepolysilicon kubva kuUnited States neSouth Korea. Iva akangwarira pakuvaka zvirongwa zvitsva; uyezve, mumakore achangopfuura, maChina ekunze mapolysilicon mabhizinesi akanonoka kukura nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemitengo, uye mamwe mitsara yekugadzira yakaderedzwa kana kuvharwa, uye chikamu chavo mukugadzirwa kwepasirese chave kuderera gore negore, saka ivo. hazvizofananidzwe nekukwira kwemitengo yepolysilicon muna 2021 sepurofiti yakakwira yekambani yeChinese, mamiriro emari haana kukwana kuti atsigire kukurumidza uye hukuru hwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzira.
Zvichienderana nekufungidzira kwakasiyana kwekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon muChina uye mhiri kwemakungwa kubva 2022 kusvika 2025, kukosha kwakafanotaurwa kwepasi rose polysilicon kugadzirwa kunogona kupfupikiswa. Inofungidzirwa kuti yepasi rose polysilicon kugadzirwa muna 2025 ichasvika 1.371 miriyoni matani. Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kukosha kwekugadzirwa kwepolysilicon, chikamu cheChina chechikamu chepasi rose chinogona kuwanikwa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti chikamu cheChina chichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva 2022 kusvika 2025, uye chichapfuura 87% muna 2025.
6, pfupiso uye Outlook
Polysilicon iri pasi perukova rweindasitiri silicon uye kumusoro kweyese photovoltaic uye semiconductor indasitiri chain, uye chimiro chayo chakakosha. Iyo photovoltaic indasitiri cheni inowanzoita polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic yakaiswa simba, uye semiconductor indasitiri cheni inowanzove polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip. Kushandiswa kwakasiyana kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa pakuchena kwepolysilicon. Iyo photovoltaic indasitiri inonyanya kushandisa solar-giredhi polysilicon, uye iyo semiconductor indasitiri inoshandisa yemagetsi-giredhi polysilicon. Iyo yekutanga ine hutsanana huwandu hwe6N-8N, nepo iyo yekupedzisira inoda kuchena kwe9N kana kupfuura.
Kwemakore, iyo huru yekugadzira maitiro epolysilicon yanga iri yakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira pasi rese. Mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe makambani akashingairira kuongorora yakaderera mutengo silane fluidized mubhedha nzira, iyo inogona kuve nemhedzisiro pamaitiro ekugadzira. Iyo polysilicon yakaumbwa netsvimbo inogadzirwa neyakagadziridzwa Nokia nzira ine hunhu hwekushandisa simba rakawanda, kudhura kwakanyanya uye kuchena kwakanyanya, nepo granular silicon inogadzirwa ne silane fluidized bed method ine hunhu hwekushandisa simba shoma, mutengo wakaderera uye kuchena kwakaderera. . Mamwe makambani eChinese akaona kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwesilicon yegranular uye tekinoroji yekushandisa granular silicon kudhonza polysilicon, asi haina kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Kuti silicon yegranular inogona kutsiva yekare mune ramangwana zvinoenderana nekuti mutengo wemubhadharo unogona kuvhara kushata kwemhando, mhedzisiro yezvikumbiro zvepasi, uye kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedza silane. Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon yepasi rose kwakawedzera gore negore, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuungana pamwe chete kuChina. Kubva 2017 kusvika 2021, yepasi rose gore polysilicon kugadzirwa kuchawedzera kubva 432,000 matani kusvika 631,000 matani, nekukura nokukurumidza muna 2021. Munguva iyi, yepasi rose polysilicon kugadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwakava kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kunangana kuChina, uye China chikamu polysilicon kugadzirwa kwakawedzera kubva. 56.02% muna 2017 kusvika 80.03% muna 2021. Kubva 2022 kusvika 2025, kugoverwa kwepolysilicon kuchaunza kukura kukuru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwepolysilicon muna 2025 kuchave 1.194 miriyoni matani muChina, uye kugadzirwa kwemhiri kwemakungwa kuchasvika 176,000 matani. Naizvozvo, iyo yepasi rose polysilicon kugadzirwa muna 2025 ichave inosvika 1.37 miriyoni matani.
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