Cesium chinhu chisingawaniki uye chakakosha chesimbi, uye China yakatarisana nematambudziko kubva kuCanada neUnited States maererano nekodzero dzemigodhi kumugodhi mukuru pasi rose wecesium, Tanko Mine. Cesium inobata basa risingadzoreki muwachi dzeatomu, masero ezuva, mushonga, kuchera oiri, nezvimwewo. Iyo zvakare ine hunyanzvi chicherwa nekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya uye zvinokandwa.
Zvivakwa uye mashandisirwo ecesium.
Cesiumisimbi isingawanikwi zvakanyanya, zvirimo muzvisikwa zvinongori 3ppm, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvine simbi yealkali yakadzikira pasi pasi. Cesium ine akawanda akasarudzika emuviri uye makemikari zvimiro zvakaita seyakanyanya kukwirisa magetsi conductivity, yakanyanya kunyungudika nzvimbo uye yakasimba kunyudza mwenje, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Mukufambiswa kwemashoko, cesium inoshandiswa kugadzira tambo dzefiber optic, mafotodetectors, lasers nemimwe michina yekuvandudza kukurumidza uye kunaka kwekufambiswa kwechiratidzo. Cesium zvakare chinhu chakakosha che5G yekutaurirana tekinoroji nekuti inogona kupa yakakwirira-chaiyo nguva yekuyananisa masevhisi.
Mumunda wesimba, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira masero ezuva, ferrofluid jenareta, ion propulsion injini uye mamwe maturusi emagetsi matsva ekuvandudza shanduko yesimba nekushandisa. Cesium zvakare chinhu chakakosha mune zvemuchadenga maapplication sezvo ichishandiswa mumasevhisi ekufambisa masisitimu, madhizaini ekuona husiku uye ion cloud communications.
Mumushonga, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mishonga yakadai semapiritsi ekukotsira, sedatives, antiepileptic drugs, nekuvandudza basa retsinga dzevanhu. Cesium inoshandiswawo mukurapa kwemwaranzi, sekurapa cancer, senge cancer yeprostate.
Muindasitiri yemakemikari, cesium inogona kushandiswa kugadzira catalysts, makemikari reagents, electrolytes uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa kuvandudza mwero uye kushanda kwemakemikari kuita. Cesium chinhu chakakoshawo mukuchera oiri nekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira madhiri emvura ekuchera uye inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura yekuchera.
Kugovera uye kushandiswa kwepasi rose cesium zviwanikwa. Parizvino, kushandiswa kukuru kwecesium kuri mukugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo. Inosanganisira cesium formate uyecesium carbonateimvura yekuchera yakakwira-density, iyo inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kugona kwemvura yekuchera uye kudzivirira tsime kudonha kwemadziro uye kubuda kwegasi.
Minable cesium garnet deposits inowanikwa munzvimbo nhatu chete pasi rose: mugodhi weTanco kuCanada, mugodhi weBikita muZimbabwe nemugodhi weSinclair kuAustralia. Pakati pazvo, nzvimbo yemugodhi weTanco ndiyo mugodhi mukuru wecesium garnet wawanikwa kusvika pari zvino, uchitora 80% yepasi rose cesium garnet resource reserves, uye avhareji yegiredhi recesium oxide i23.3%. Cesium oxide mamakisi akaenzana ne11,5% ne17% pamigodhi yeBikita neSinclair, zvakateerana. Idzi nharaunda nhatu dzemigodhi dzakajairwa lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) pegmatite deposits, yakapfuma mucesium garnet, inova ndiyo huru mbishi yekubvisa cesium.
Kutorwa kweChina uye zvirongwa zvekuwedzera zvemigodhi yeTanco.
United States ndiyo ine mutengi mukuru wecesium pasi rose, inosvika zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana, ichiteverwa neChina. Zvakadaro, nekuda kwekungove neChina pamusoro pekucherwa nekucheneswa kwecesium, inenge migodhi mikuru mitatu yakaendeswa kuChina.
Kare, mushure mekunge kambani yekuChina yatora mugodhi weTanko kubva kukambani yekuAmerica ndokutangazve kugadzira muna 2020, yakanyoresawo chikamu che5.72% muPWM ikawana kodzero yekuwana zvese zvigadzirwa zve lithium, cesium uye tantalum zveCase Lake project. Nekudaro, Canada gore rapfuura yaida makambani matatu eLithium eChinese kutengesa kana kubvisa masheya avo mumakambani emigodhi yeCanadian lithium mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, achitaura zvikonzero zvekuchengetedza nyika.
Pakutanga, Australia yakanga yaramba hurongwa hwekambani yekuChina yekuwana chikamu chegumi neshanu muzana muLynas, mugadziri mukuru wepasi asingawanzo kuAustralia. Pamusoro pekugadzira pasi risingawanzoitiki, Australia inewo kodzero yekugadzira mugodhi weSinclair. Zvakadaro, cesium garnet yakagadzirwa muchikamu chekutanga chemugodhi weSinclair yakatorwa nekambani yekunze yeCabotSF yakatorwa nekambani yekuChina.
Nzvimbo yeBikita migodhi ndiyo yakakura kwazvo lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatite dhipoziti muAfrica uye ine nzvimbo yechipiri pasi rose cesium garnet resource reserves, ine avhareji yegiredhi yecesium oxide ye11.5%. Kambani yekuChina yakatenga zvikamu makumi mashanu nechimwe kubva muzana pamugodhi kubva kukambani yekuAustralia nemadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu neshanu uye inoronga kuwedzera simba rekugadzira lithium kusvika pa180 000 tonne pagore mumakore anotevera.
Canadian neUS kutora chikamu uye kukwikwidza muTanco Mine
Vese Canada neUnited States inhengo dze "Five Eyes Alliance" uye vane hukama hwepedyo hwezvematongerwo enyika nemauto. Naizvozvo, United States inogona kudzora kupihwa kwepasirese kwecesium zviwanikwa kana kupindira kuburikidza nevabatsiri vayo, zvichiunza kutyisidzira kweChina.
Hurumende yeCanada yakanyora cesium sechicherwa chakakosha uye yakaunza nhevedzano yematanho emitemo kuchengetedza nekusimudzira maindasitiri emuno. Semuenzaniso, muna 2019, Canada neUnited States dzakasaina chibvumirano chikuru chekushandira zvicherwa kukurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati penyika mbiri idzi pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kwekupihwa kwezvicherwa zvakaita secesium. Muna 2020, Canada neAustralia dzakasaina chibvumirano chakafanana chekurwisa simba reChina mumusika wepasi rose wezvicherwa. Canada inotsigirawo emuno cesium ore kuvandudza uye kugadzirisa makambani akadai sePWM neCabot kuburikidza nekudyara, magrants uye mitero inokurudzirwa.
Semutengi mukuru wepasirese wecesium, United States inokoshesawo kukosha kwehunyanzvi uye kuchengetedzeka kwekugovera kwecesium. Muna 2018, United States yakasarudza cesium seimwe yemaminerari akakosha makumi matatu neshanu, uye yakanyora rondedzero yezvicherwa zvakakosha, ichikurudzira akatevedzana matanho ekuona kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwecesium nezvimwe zvicherwa.
Kurongeka uye dambudziko rezvimwe zviwanikwa zvecesium muChina.
Pamusoro pemugodhi weVikita, China iri kutsvagawo mikana yekuwana zviwanikwa zvecesium kune mamwe matunhu. Semuyenzaniso, muna 2019, kambani yekuChina yakasaina chibvumirano chekushandira pamwe nekambani yePeruvia yekugadzira pamwe chete chirongwa chedhamu remunyu kumaodzanyemba kwePeru ine zvinhu zvakaita se lithium, potassium, boron, magnesium, strontium, calcium, sodium, uye cesium oxide. Inotarisirwa kuve yechipiri yakakura kwazvo lithium nzvimbo yekugadzira muSouth America.
China yakatarisana nematambudziko akawanda uye matambudziko mukugovewa kwepasi rose zviwanikwa zvecesium.
Chekutanga, zviwanikwa zvecesium zvepasi rose zvishoma uye zvakapararira, uye zvakaoma kuti China iwane madhipoziti akakura, egiredhi repamusoro, uye asingadhuri. Chechipiri, makwikwi epasi rose ezvicherwa zvakakosha zvakaita secesium ari kuramba achiwedzera, uye China inogona kutarisana nekukanganiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi uye zvipingamupinyi kubva kuCanada, Australia nedzimwe nyika ongororo yekudyara uye zvirambidzo kumakambani ekuChina. Chechitatu, kudhirowa uye kugadzira tekinoroji yecesium yakaoma uye inodhura. China irikupindura sei kuhondo yeCritical Minerals?
Kuti vachengetedze kuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye zvido zvehupfumi zvemaminerari eminda yeChina, hurumende yeChina inoronga kutora matanho anotevera anoshanda:
Simbisa kuongororwa uye kusimudzira zviwanikwa zvecesium munyika, tsvaga madhipoziti matsva ecesium, uye uvandudze kuzvikwanira uye kusiyanisa zviwanikwa zvecesium.
Simbisa cesium kudzokorodza, kunatsiridza kushandiswa kwecesium nekumhanyisa kutenderera, uye kuderedza marara ecesium uye kusvibiswa.
Simbisa cesium tsvagiridzo yesainzi uye hunyanzvi, gadzira cesium zvimwe zvinhu kana matekinoroji, uye kuderedza cesium kutsamira uye kushandisa.
Simbisa kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika nekutsinhana pacesium, gadza yakagadzikana uye yakanaka cesium kutengeserana uye nzira yekudyara nenyika dzakakodzera, uye chengetedza hutano hwakanaka hwemusika wepasi rose wecesium.