Kurongeka kweHurumende Council yePeople's Republic of China
Nhamba 785
Iyo "Rare Earth Management Regulations" yakagamuchirwa paMusangano we31st Executive weHurumende Council muna Kubvumbi 26, 2024, uye yakashambadzwa uye ichatanga kushanda muna Gumiguru 1, 2024.
Mutungamiri Li Qiang
Chikumi 22, 2024
Rare Earth Management Regulations
Chisungo chekutangaIyi Mitemo inogadzirwa nemirairo yakakodzera kuchengetedza zvinobudirira uye zvine hungwaru kuvandudza uye kushandisa zvisingawanzo zviwanikwa zvepasi, kusimudzira kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro indasitiri yepasi isingawanzo, kuchengetedza chengetedzo yezvakatipoteredza, uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvenyika uye kuchengetedzwa kwemaindasitiri.
Chisungo chechipiriIyi Mitemo ichashanda kune zviitiko zvakaita semigodhi, kunyungudutsa, uye kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, kutenderera kwechigadzirwa, uye kupinza uye kunze kwenyika kwepasi risingawanzoitiki mukati menzvimbo yePeople's Republic of China.
Chisungo chetatuRare pasi manejimendi basa richaita mitsara, misimboti, marongero, sarudzo, uye marongero eBato neHurumende, vanoteedzera musimboti wekupa kukosha kwakaenzana kuchengetedza zviwanikwa nekuzvigadzira nekuzvishandisa, uye kutevedzera misimboti yekuronga kwese, kuve nechokwadi. chengetedzo, hunyanzvi hwesainzi uye tekinoroji, uye kukura kwegirinhi.
Chisungo chechinaZviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki ndezveHurumende; hapana sangano kana munhu angapindira kana kuparadza zviwanikwa zvepasi.
Nyika inosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvisingawanzo pasi nemutemo uye inoshandisa migodhi yekudzivirira yezviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo.
Chisungo chechishanuHurumende inoshandisa chirongwa chakabatana chekusimudzira indasitiri yepasi isingawanzo. Dhipatimendi rakakodzera reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji yeHurumende Council, pamwe chete nemapazi akakodzera eState Council, vachagadzira nekuronga kuitwa kwechirongwa chekusimudzira indasitiri yepasi isingawanzo pamutemo.
Chisungo chechitanhatuNyika inokurudzira uye inotsigira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji nyowani, maitiro matsva, zvigadzirwa zvitsva, zvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye midziyo mitsva muindasitiri isingawanzo indasitiri yepasi, inoramba ichivandudza mwero webudiriro nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo, uye inosimudzira yakakwirira. -kuguma, kwakangwara uye kwakasvibira kukura kweiyo isingawanzo indasitiri yepasi.
Chisungo chechinomweDhipatimendi reState Council's maindasitiri uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwekuita basa rekutonga kweindasitiri yepasi isingawanzo munyika yese, uye zvidzidzo zvinogadzira uye kuronga kuitiswa kwezvisingawanzo indasitiri yepasi pekutonga marongero nezviyero. Dhipatimendi reState Council's natural resources uye mamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera ane basa rekuita basa risingawanzoenderana nekutonga kwepasi mukati memabasa avo.
Hurumende dzevanhu vemunharaunda padanho redunhu kana kuti pamusoro pedunhu vane basa rekutonga kwerare Earth mumatunhu avo. Madhipatimendi akakodzera ehurumende dzevanhu vemunharaunda ari kana pamusoro pedanho redunhu, senge indasitiri neruzivo rwemichina uye zviwanikwa, achaita manejimendi erare earth nemabasa awo.
Chisungo chechisereDhipatimendi remaindasitiri neruzivo rwehunyanzvi hweruzivo reHurumende Council, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eHurumende yeKanzuru, vachaona makambani emigodhi asingawanzo kunyunguduka nekuparadzanisa uye vozivisa veruzhinji.
Kunze kwemabhizinesi akatemerwa nendima yekutanga yeChinyorwa ichi, mamwe masangano nevanhu vakazvimirira vanogona kusapinda mukuchera ivhu risingawanzo uye kunyungudika kwepasi nekuparadzanisa.
Chisungo chechipfumbamweMabhizinesi ezvicherwa asingawanzo kuwana marezinesi ekuchera zvicherwa nemitemo yekutarisira zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa, mirau yekutonga, uye nemitemo yenyika.
Kudyara mari mumigodhi yepasi isingawanzo, kunyungudutsa, uye kupatsanura mapurojekiti kunofanirwa kuenderana nemitemo, mirau yekutonga, uye zvinodiwa nenyika pakutonga kweprojekiti.
Chisungo chegumiHurumende inoshandisa huwandu hwekutonga pamusoro pezvisingawanzo kunyungudutswa uye kupatsanurwa kwepasi, uye inogonesa manejimendi ane simba, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai sezvisingawanzo chengetedzo yepasi uye mutsauko wemhando, kusimukira kwemaindasitiri, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudiwa kwemusika. Matanho akananga achaumbwa nedhipatimendi reState Council remaindasitiri neruzivo rwemichina yakabatana neNyika Council yezviwanikwa, madhipatimendi ekuvandudza nekuvandudza, nemamwe madhipatimendi.
Mabhizinesi ezvicherwa zvisingawanzo kunyunguduka uye kupatsanurwa kwepasi anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinoenderana nemitemo yenyika yakazara yekudzora huwandu hwekutonga.
Chisungo 11Nyika inokurudzira uye inotsigira mabhizinesi kuti ashandise matekinoroji epamberi uye anoshanda uye maitiro ekushandisa zvizere chechipiri chisingawanzo zviwanikwa zvepasi.
Rare Earth comprehensive utilization mabhizinesi haatenderwe kuita zviitiko zvekugadzira vachishandisa zvisingawanzo pasi zvicherwa semidziyo.
Chisungo 12Mabhizinesi anoita mukuchera ivhu risingawanzo, kunyunguduka uye kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa simbi, uye kushandiswa kwakadzama kunoenderana nemitemo nemirairo yezvicherwa, kuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzirwa kwakachena, kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzira, nekudzivirira moto, uye kutora njodzi inonzwisisika yezvakatipoteredza. kudzivirira, kuchengetedza ecological, kudzivirira kusvibiswa, uye kutonga uye kuchengetedza matanho ekudzivirira zvinobudirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirwa kwenjodzi dzekuchengetedza.
Chisungo 13Hapana sangano kana munhu anogona kutenga, kugadzira, kutengesa, kana kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvakacherwa zvisiri pamutemo kana kunyungudutswa nekuparadzaniswa zvisiri pamutemo.
Chisungo 14Dhipatimendi remaindasitiri uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hweHurumende Council, pamwe chete nezviwanikwa, kutengeserana, tsika, mutero, uye mamwe madhipatimendi eState Council, kumisa isingawanzo kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chepasi, kusimbaradza manejimendi ezviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzoitiki. maitiro ese, uye kukurudzira kugovana data pakati pemadhipatimendi akakodzera.
Mabhizinesi anopinda mumigodhi yepasi isingawanzo, kunyungudutsa uye kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakadzama, uye kuendesa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi achagadzira rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi ruzivo rwekuyerera kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi, uye kupinda mairi muvhu risingawanzo. chigadzirwa traceability information system.
Chisungo 15Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvisingawanzoitiki uye matekinoroji ane hukama, maitirwo, uye michina ichaenderana nemirairo yakakodzera uye mirau yekutonga pakutengeserana kwekunze uye kupinza uye kunze kwekunze manejimendi. Pazvinhu zvinodzorwa kunze kwenyika, vanozotevedzerawo mitemo yekudzora kunze kwenyika nemitemo yezvekufambiswa kwemabasa.
Chisungo 16Hurumende ichanatsurudza matura ezvicherwa nekubatanidza matura ezvicherwa.
Iyo chaiyo yekuchengetedza pasi isingawanzo shandiswa nekubatanidza mareserve ehurumende nemabhizinesi reserves, uye chimiro uye huwandu hwemhando dzakachengetwa dzinoramba dzichigadziriswa. Matanho chaiwo achagadzirwa neDevelopment and Reform Commission neDhipatimendi reMari yeState Council pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi eindasitiri uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, uye madhipatimendi ezviyo uye zvinhu zvakachengetwa.
Dhipatimendi rezviwanikwa zveNyika Council, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera eState Council, richasarudza zvisingawanzo kuchengetedzwa pasi pevhu zvichienderana nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvepasi, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sezviwanikwa, kugovera, uye kukosha. , uye kusimbisa kutarisira nekuchengetedzwa nemutemo. Matanho chaiwo achaumbwa nebazi rezviwanikwa reHurumende Council pamwe chete nemapazi akakodzera eState Council.
Chisungo 17Masangano emaindasitiri epasi anozogadzira nekuvandudza tsika dzemaindasitiri, kusimbisa kuzvidzora kweindasitiri, kutungamira mabhizinesi kutevedzera mutemo uye kushanda nekuvimbika, uye kukurudzira kukwikwidza kwakaringana.
Chisungo 18Madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi hweindasitiri neruzivo rwehunyanzvi hweruzivo uye mamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera (achazodaidzwa kunzi manejimendi uye madhipatimendi ekuongorora) achatarisira nekuongorora migodhi, kunyunguduka nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakadzama, kutenderera kwechigadzirwa, kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika isingawanzo. mitemo nemirau yakafanira uye zvisungo zveMitemo iyi nekugovaniswa kwayo kwemabasa, uye inobata nezviito zvisiri pamutemo nekukasika nemutemo.
Madhipatimendi anotarisisa uye ekuongorora achave nekodzero yekutora matanho anotevera pakuita vatariri nekuongorora:
(1) Kukumbira iyo yakaongororwa unit kuti ipe magwaro akakodzera uye zvinhu;
(2) Kubvunza iyo yakaongororwa unit uye vashandi vayo vakakodzera uye ichida kuti vatsanangure mamiriro ane chekuita nenyaya dziri pasi pekutariswa nekuongororwa;
(3) Kupinda munzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa zvisiri pamutemo kuita ongororo uye kuunganidza humbowo;
(iv) Bata zvisingawanzo zvigadzirwa zvepasi, maturusi, uye zvishandiso zvine chekuita nezviitiko zvisiri pamutemo uye kuvhara nzvimbo dziri kuitika zvisiri pamutemo;
(5) Mamwe matanho anotsanangurwa nemitemo nemitemo yekutonga.
Iwo akaongororwa mayuniti nevashandi vawo vakakodzera vachashandira pamwe, kupa magwaro akakodzera uye zvinhu zvechokwadi, uye havazoramba kana kuvharidzira.
Chisungo 19Kana dhipatimendi rekutarisa uye rekuongorora richiita manejimendi nekuongorora, hapazove nevasingasviki vaviri vevatariri nevanoongorora, uye ivo vachaburitsa zvitupa zvekutonga zvemitemo.
Nhengo dzevashandi dzemadhipatimendi ekutarisa uye ekuongorora dzinofanirwa kuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvehurumende, zvakavanzika zvekutengesa, uye ruzivo rwemunhu rwakadzidzwa panguva yekutarisa nekuongorora.
Chisungo 20Ani nani anotyora zvinopihwa zveMitemo iyi uye kuita chero cheanotevera zviito acharangwa neDhipatimendi rakakodzera reZviwanikwa nemutemo:
(1) Bhizinesi rezvicherwa risingawanzo kuchera zviwanikwa zvisingawanzo wanikwa pasina kuwana mvumo yekuchera kana rezenisi rekuchera, kana zviwanikwa zvisingawanzo wanikwa kunze kwenzvimbo yemugodhi yakanyoreswa kodzero yekuchera;
(2) Masangano nevanhu vamwe nevamwe kunze kwemabhizinesi emugodhi wepasi asingawanzo kuita basa rekuchera pasi risingawanzo.
Chisungo 21Iko kune isingawanzo makambani emigodhi yepasi uye isingawanzo kunyunguduka uye kupatsanura ivhu kuchera, kunyungudutsa, uye kupatsanura kutyora kuzara kwehuwandu hwekutonga uye manejimendi, madhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi ezviwanikwa uye indasitiri uye ruzivo tekinoroji achaita, nebasa rawo. , kuvaraira kuti vagadzirise, kubvuta zvinhu zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo uye zvibereko zvisiri pamutemo, uye kubhadharisa faindi isingasviki kashanu asi isingapfuure nekagumi pane zvakawanikwa zvisiri pamutemo; kana pasina zvibereko zvisiri pamutemo kana zvibereko zvisiri pamutemo zviri pasi peRMB 500,000, faindi isiri pasi peRMB 1 miriyoni asi isingadariki RMB 5 miriyoni ichaiswa; kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba, vacharairwa kumisa kugadzira nekushanda kwebhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru anotarisira, mutariri ane mutoro wakananga nevamwe vanhu vane basa rakananga vacharangwa nemutemo.
Chisungo 22Chero kutyorwa kwezvipikirwa zveMitemo iyi inoita chero cheanotevera zviito zvicharairwa nedhipatimendi rine hunyanzvi hweindasitiri neruzivo rwetekinoroji kumisa kuita zvisiri pamutemo, kutora zvigadzirwa zvepasi zvisiri pamutemo uye mari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo, pamwe nemidziyo nemidziyo. inoshandiswa zvakananga kumabasa asiri pamutemo, uye kubhadharisa faindi isingasviki ka5 asi isingapfuure ka10 mari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo; kana pasina mari inowanikwa zvisiri pamutemo kana mari iri kunze kwemutemo iri pasi peRMB 500,000, faindi isingasviki RMB 2 miriyoni asi isingadariki RMB 5 miriyoni ichaiswa; kana mamiriro acho akakomba, dhipatimendi rinotarisa musika uye manejimendi richakanzura rezinesi rebhizinesi:
(1) Masangano kana vanhu vamwe kunze kweasingawanzo kunyungudusa pasi uye mabhizinesi ekuparadzanisa vanoita mukunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa;
(2) Mabhizinesi epasi akazara ekushandisa anoshandisa isingawanzo pasi zvicherwa sezviwanikwa zvekugadzira zviitiko.
Chisungo 23Ani naani anotyora zvirevo zveMitemo iyi nekutenga, kugadzira, kana kutengesa zvakacherwa zvisiri pamutemo kana kunyungudutswa zvisiri pamutemo uye kupatsanurwa zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa acharairwa nedhipatimendi rine hunyanzvi hweindasitiri neruzivo rwehunyanzvi hweruzivo pamwe nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kuti vamise maitiro asiri pamutemo, nekutora zvakatengwa zvisiri pamutemo. , yakagadziridzwa kana kutengeswa zvisingawanzo zvigadzirwa zvepasi uye zviwanikwa zvisiri pamutemo uye maturusi nemidziyo inoshandiswa zvakananga kuita zvisiri pamutemo, uye kubhadharisa faindi isingasviki ka5 asi isingasviki ka10 pane zvisiri pamutemo kuwana; kana pasina zvibereko zviri kunze kwemutemo kana zvibereko zvisiri pamutemo zviri pasi pe500,000 yuan, faindi isingasviki 500,000 yuan asi isingadariki mamiriyoni maviri eyuan ichaiswa; kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba, dhipatimendi rinotarisa musika uye manejimendi richakanzura rezinesi raro rebhizinesi.
Chisungo 24Kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa uye matekinoroji ane hukama, maitiro, uye michina inotyora mitemo yakakodzera, mirau yekutonga, uye zvinopihwa zveMitemo iyi zvicharangwa nedhipatimendi rekutengeserana, tsika, uye mamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera nemabasa avo. nomurayiro.
Chisungo 25:Kana bhizinesi riri kuita zvisingawanzo kuchera pasi, kunyungudutsa nekuparadzanisa, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, uye kuendesa kunze kwezvisingawanzo zvigadzirwa zvepasi rikatadza kunyora zvechokwadi kuyerera kweruzivo rwezvisingawanzo zvigadzirwa zvepasi uye kupinda mairi mune isingawanzo pasi chigadzirwa traceability ruzivo system, iyo maindasitiri. uye dhipatimendi reruzivo rwehunyanzvi hweruzivo, uye mamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera achairaira kuti igadzirise dambudziko nekugovanisa kwavo mabasa uye kubhadharisa faindi isingasviki RMB 50,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB 200,000 yuan pane bhizinesi; kana ikaramba kugadzirisa dambudziko, icharairwa kumisa kugadzirwa uye bhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru ari kutungamira, maneja ane mutoro wakananga uye vamwe vanhu vane mutoro wakananga vachabhadhariswa mari isingasviki RMB 20,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB 50,000 yuan. , uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa mari isingasviki RMB 200,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB miriyoni imwe.
Chisungo 26Ani nani anoramba kana kutadzisa dhipatimendi revatariri uye rekuongorora kuti riite mabasa aro ekutarisa nekuongorora nemutemo acharairwa nedhipatimendi rinotarisira uye rekuongorora kuti rigadzirise, uye munhu mukuru anotungamira, mutariri ane mutoro wakananga, nevamwe vanhu vane mutoro wakananga. achapihwa yambiro, uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa faindi isiri pasi peRMB 20,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB 100,000 yuan; kana bhizinesi richiramba kugadzirisa, richarairwa kumisa kugadzira nebhizinesi, uye munhu mukuru ari kutungamira, mutariri ane mutoro wakananga nevamwe vanhu vane mutoro wakananga vacharipiswa isingasviki RMB 20,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB 50,000 yuan. , uye bhizinesi richabhadhariswa faindi isiri pasi peRMB 100,000 yuan asi isingadarike RMB 500,000 yuan.
Chisungo 27:Mabhizinesi anoita basa rekuchera pasi risingawanzo, kunyungudutsa uye kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa simbi, uye kushandiswa kwakazara kunotyora mitemo nemirairo yekuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzirwa kwakachena, kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzira, uye kudzivirira moto kucharangwa nemadhipatimendi akakodzera nemabasa avo nemitemo. .
Hunhu husiri pamutemo uye husina kurongeka hwemabhizinesi ari kuita migodhi yepasi isingawanzo, kunyunguduka uye kupatsanura, kunyungudutsa simbi, kushandiswa kwakazara, uye kuendesa kunze uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvisingawanzo kunyorwa mumarekodhi echikwereti nemadhipatimendi akakodzera nemutemo uye zvinosanganisirwa mune yakakodzera nyika. kiredhiti ruzivo system.
Chisungo 28Chero mushandi wedhipatimendi rinotarisira uye rekuongorora anoshandisa simba rake zvisizvo, achiregeredza mabasa ake, kana kuita huipi kuti awane pundutso mukutonga kwerare earth acharangwa zvinoenderana nemutemo.
Chisungo 29Chero ani zvake anotyora bumbiro reMutemo uyu uye achiita chiito chekutyora hutungamiri hwekuchengetedzwa kweruzhinji achapihwa mutongo wekuchengetedzwa kweruzhinji nemutemo; kana iri mhosva, mhosva inotevedzwa nemutemo.
Chisungo chemakumi matatuMazwi anotevera muMitemo iyi ane zvirevo zvinotevera:
Rare Earth inoreva izwi rinowanzoreva zvinhu zvakaita se lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, uye yttrium.
Kunyungudutsa uye kupatsanura kunoreva maitiro ekugadzira ekugadzira zvisingawanzo zvicherwa zvepasi kuita zvakasiyana kana zvakasanganiswa zvisingawanzo pasi oxides, munyu, uye mamwe makomisheni.
Metal smelting (Metal smelting) zvinoreva magadzirirwo ekugadzira masimbi epasi asingawanzo simbi kana alloys achishandisa imwe kana yakasanganiswa isingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi oxides, munyu, uye mamwe macommunitions.
Rare earth secondary resources inoreva marara akaomarara anogona kugadziriswa kuti zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi zvazviinazvo zvigove neukoshi hutsva hwekushandisa, kusanganisira asi kwete kuganhurirwa kumarara epasi remagineti asingaverengeki, tsvina inogara magineti, uye imwe marara ine mavhu asingawanzo.
Zvigadzirwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo zvinosanganisira zvisingawanzo zvicherwa zvepasi, akasiyana-siyana asingawanzo epasi makomisheni, akasiyana-siyana asingawanzo simbi epasi uye alloys, nezvimwe.
Chisungo 31Iwo akakodzera madhipatimendi eState Council anogona kureva kune zvakafanira zviga zveMitemo iyi yekutarisira simbi isingawanzo kunze kwepasi isingawanzo.
Chisungo 32Uyu Mutemo unotanga kushanda muna Gumiguru 1, 2024.