Iyo US-China yekutengesa Hondo yakamutsa amburereni pamusoro peChina inokweretesa kuburikidza nenguva isingawanzo nyika simbi yekutengeserana.
Nezve
• Kukwira matenyi pakati peUnited States neChina kwakapatsanurwa kunetsekana kuti Beijing inogona kushandisa chinzvimbo chayo chikuru semutengesi wevanhu vepasirese pakati pehondo mbiri dzehupfumi.
• Rare earth metals are a group of 17 elements – lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium – that appear in low concentrations in the ground.
• Havawanzoita nekuti ivo vanonetsa uye vanodhura kune angu uye kuita zvakanyatsojeka.
• Vashoma vepanyika vanowanikwa muChina, India, South Africa, Canada, Australia, Estonia, Malaysia neBrazil.
Zvinorehwa zveKashoma Nyika Simbi
• Ivo vane akasiyana magetsi, metallurgical, catalytic, nuclear, magneti uye luminescent zvivakwa.
• Iwo akakosha nenzira yakanyanya kukosha nekuda kwekushandiswa kwavo kwekubuda uye kusiyana-siyana tekinoroji iyo inoda kune zvinodiwa nenharaunda yazvino.
• Hoururric technologies, semuenzaniso, yakakwirira-tembiricha supercondivity, kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka uye kutakura kwehydrogen inoda idzi nyika dzinotanga kuita simbi.
• Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemakeme anowedzera zvakanyanya mutsara nekuwedzera kwavo tekinoroji yekuwedzera, nharaunda, uye nzvimbo dzehupfumi.
• Nekuda kwemagineti avo akasarudzika, uye electrochemical zvivakwa, ivo vanobatsira mune matekinoroji vachiita nehuremu hwakadzama, hwakaderedzwa emission, uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
• Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana zvevatengi zvigadzirwa, kubva ku iPhone kune Satellite uye lasers.
• Dzinoshandiswawo mumabhatiri anogadziriswazve, makomputa, makomputa, mhepo turbines, mhepo yemotokari, monitiki, mwenje, fiber optics, superconductors uye girazi polising.
• E-mota: Zvakawanda zvakati zvinhu zvepasi pasi, zvakadai se neodymiym uye dysprosium, zvakakomba kune motors anoshandiswa mumotokari yemagetsi.
• Zvigadzirwa zvehondo: Zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzo kukosha mumidziyo yemauto seinjinini yejet, misheni inotungamira masisitimu, Antimissile Defense masisitimu, satellite, pamwe chete nevaridzi. Lanthanum, semuenzaniso, inodiwa kuti ugadzire midziyo yehusiku.
• China iri kumusha kusvika ku37% yeGlobal Rare Earths anochengetedza. Muna 2017, China accounted ye81% yeiyo nyika isingawanzo kugadzirwa kwepasi.
• China inobata zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwenyika yekugadzirisa uye yakapihwa 80% yeanotadza pasi pano kunze kwenyika kubva kuUnited States kubva 2014 kusvika 2017.
• Gomo reCalifornia rinopfuura mine ndiyo chete inoshanda US isingawanzo nzvimbo yepasi. Asi inotumira chikamu chikuru cheiyo inobvisa kuChina yekugadzirisa.
• China yakaisa mutero we25% pane izvo zvakapinza panguva yehondo yekutengesa.
• China, Australia, US neIndia ndidzo dzakakosha dzenyika dzezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika.
• Sezvo fungidziro, zvachose pasi rose rinogara muIndia nderemamiriyoni gumi nemakumi mairi.
• Mononzite, iyo ine thorium neuranium, ndiyo sosi huru yeanosara yepasi muIndia. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu izvi zvevanyori, migodhi yejecha reMonazi dzinoitwa nemuviri wehurumende.
• India ine mahureri maakawanda emutengesi wezvinhu zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi zvinhu uye dzimwe pasi risingawanzo kujairika. Isu hatisati tave kukwanisa kukudziridza zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi.
• Iyo yakaderera mutengo kugadzirwa neChina chinhu chikuru chekudzikira mukuvhara pasi kugadzirwa muIndia.