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Rare pasi simbi 'kushamwaridzana

Iyo US-China yekutengesa Hondo yakamutsa amburereni pamusoro peChina inokweretesa kuburikidza nenguva isingawanzo nyika simbi yekutengeserana.

 

Nezve

• Kukwira matenyi pakati peUnited States neChina kwakapatsanurwa kunetsekana kuti Beijing inogona kushandisa chinzvimbo chayo chikuru semutengesi wevanhu vepasirese pakati pehondo mbiri dzehupfumi.

 

Chii chinorehwa pasi pasita?

• Rare earth metals are a group of 17 elements – lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium – that appear in low concentrations in the ground.

• Havawanzoita nekuti ivo vanonetsa uye vanodhura kune angu uye kuita zvakanyatsojeka.

• Vashoma vepanyika vanowanikwa muChina, India, South Africa, Canada, Australia, Estonia, Malaysia neBrazil.

Zvinorehwa zveKashoma Nyika Simbi

• Ivo vane akasiyana magetsi, metallurgical, catalytic, nuclear, magneti uye luminescent zvivakwa.

• Iwo akakosha nenzira yakanyanya kukosha nekuda kwekushandiswa kwavo kwekubuda uye kusiyana-siyana tekinoroji iyo inoda kune zvinodiwa nenharaunda yazvino.

• Hoururric technologies, semuenzaniso, yakakwirira-tembiricha supercondivity, kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka uye kutakura kwehydrogen inoda idzi nyika dzinotanga kuita simbi.

• Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemakeme anowedzera zvakanyanya mutsara nekuwedzera kwavo tekinoroji yekuwedzera, nharaunda, uye nzvimbo dzehupfumi.

• Nekuda kwemagineti avo akasarudzika, uye electrochemical zvivakwa, ivo vanobatsira mune matekinoroji vachiita nehuremu hwakadzama, hwakaderedzwa emission, uye kushandiswa kwesimba.

 

Zvikumbiro zveKashoma Nyika simbi

• Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana zvevatengi zvigadzirwa, kubva ku iPhone kune Satellite uye lasers.

• Dzinoshandiswawo mumabhatiri anogadziriswazve, makomputa, makomputa, mhepo turbines, mhepo yemotokari, monitiki, mwenje, fiber optics, superconductors uye girazi polising.

• E-mota: Zvakawanda zvakati zvinhu zvepasi pasi, zvakadai se neodymiym uye dysprosium, zvakakomba kune motors anoshandiswa mumotokari yemagetsi.

• Zvigadzirwa zvehondo: Zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzo kukosha mumidziyo yemauto seinjinini yejet, misheni inotungamira masisitimu, Antimissile Defense masisitimu, satellite, pamwe chete nevaridzi. Lanthanum, semuenzaniso, inodiwa kuti ugadzire midziyo yehusiku.

 

Kukosha kweChina yeUS Wrt Rare Pasi Pasi Element (Ree)

• China iri kumusha kusvika ku37% yeGlobal Rare Earths anochengetedza. Muna 2017, China accounted ye81% yeiyo nyika isingawanzo kugadzirwa kwepasi.

• China inobata zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwenyika yekugadzirisa uye yakapihwa 80% yeanotadza pasi pano kunze kwenyika kubva kuUnited States kubva 2014 kusvika 2017.

• Gomo reCalifornia rinopfuura mine ndiyo chete inoshanda US isingawanzo nzvimbo yepasi. Asi inotumira chikamu chikuru cheiyo inobvisa kuChina yekugadzirisa.

• China yakaisa mutero we25% pane izvo zvakapinza panguva yehondo yekutengesa.
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Nzvimbo yeIndia

• China, Australia, US neIndia ndidzo dzakakosha dzenyika dzezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika.

• Sezvo fungidziro, zvachose pasi rose rinogara muIndia nderemamiriyoni gumi nemakumi mairi.

• Mononzite, iyo ine thorium neuranium, ndiyo sosi huru yeanosara yepasi muIndia. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu izvi zvevanyori, migodhi yejecha reMonazi dzinoitwa nemuviri wehurumende.

• India ine mahureri maakawanda emutengesi wezvinhu zvisingawanzogadzirwa pasi zvinhu uye dzimwe pasi risingawanzo kujairika. Isu hatisati tave kukwanisa kukudziridza zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi.

• Iyo yakaderera mutengo kugadzirwa neChina chinhu chikuru chekudzikira mukuvhara pasi kugadzirwa muIndia.