Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwelanthanide reagents mune organic synthesis kwakagadzirwa nekusvetuka uye miganhu. Pakati pavo, akawanda lanthanide reagents akawanikwa ane pachena anosarudza catalysis mukuita kwecarbon-carbon bond formation; panguva imwe chete, akawanda lanthanide reagents akawanikwa aine hunhu hwakanakisa muorganic oxidation reactions uye organic reduction reactions kushandura mapoka anoshanda. Kashoma kushandiswa kwekurima kwepasi ibudiriro yekutsvagisa kwesainzi ine hunhu hweChinese hwakawanikwa nevashandi vekuChina vesainzi uye tekinoroji mushure memakore ekushanda nesimba, uye yakasimudzirwa nesimba seyero yakakosha yekuwedzera kurima muChina. Rare Earth carbonate inonyungudika zviri nyore muasidhi kugadzira munyu unoenderana uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, iyo inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana-siyana epasi munyu uye macomplexes pasina kuunza tsvina yeanionic. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuita nemaasidhi akasimba akadai se nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, uye sulfuric acid kuita munyu unonyungudika mumvura. React nephosphoric acid uye hydrofluoric acid kuti ishandure kuita isinganyungudika isingawanikwe pasi phosphates uye fluorides. React neakawanda organic acids kuti aumbe anoenderana isingawanzo organic komisheni. Inogona kuve yakanyungudika yakaoma ma cations kana yakaoma anions, kana mashoma soluble neutral compounds anonaya zvichienderana nekukosha kwemhinduro. Nekune rimwe divi, isingawanzo pasi carbonate inogona kuoreswa kuita maokisidhi anoenderana necalcination, iyo inogona kushandiswa zvakananga mukugadzirira kwezvizhinji zvitsva zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi. Parizvino, kubuda kwepagore kwerare earth carbonate muChina kunodarika matani zviuru gumi, zvichitora chikamu chinodarika chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvinhu zvisingawanzo kugadzirwa, zvichiratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekushandiswa kwerare earth carbonate kunoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira indasitiri yepasi isingawanzo.
Cerium carbonate inorganic compound ine kemikari formula yeC3Ce2O9, molecular huremu hwe460, logP ye -7.40530, PSA ye198.80000, ibhoiling point ye333.6ºC pa760 mmHg, uye flash point ye169.8ºC. Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri epasi risingawanzo, cerium carbonate chinhu chepakati chekugadzirwa kwezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvecerium senge akasiyana cerium munyu uye cerium oxide. Iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa uye yakakosha chiedza chisingawanzo pasi chigadzirwa. Iyo hydrated cerium carbonate crystal ine chimiro chemhando ye lanthanite, uye mufananidzo wayo weSEM unoratidza kuti chimiro chekutanga che hydrated cerium carbonate crystal chinenge chakafanana, uye maflakes anobatanidzwa pamwe chete nekubatana kusina simba kuumba petal-like structure, uye chimiro chakasununguka, saka pasi pechiito chesimba remagetsi Zviri nyore kutsemurwa kuita zvidimbu zviduku. Iyo cerium carbonate inogadzirwa muindastiri parizvino ine chete 42-46% yepasi rose risingawanikwe mushure mekuomeswa, izvo zvinotadzisa kugadzirwa kwecerium carbonate.
Mhando yemvura yakaderera yekushandisa, yakagadzikana mhando, iyo inogadzirwa cerium carbonate haidi kuomeswa kana kuomeswa mushure mekuomeswa kwecentrifugal, uye huwandu hwakazara hwepasi isingawanzo kusvika 72% kusvika 74%, uye maitiro ari nyore uye amwechete- nhanho nhanho yekugadzirira cerium carbonate ine yakakwira yakazara huwandu hwepasi isingawanzo. Iyo inotevera tekinoroji chirongwa inogamuchirwa: imwe-nhanho nzira inoshandiswa kugadzirira cerium carbonate ine huwandu hwakawanda hwese hwepasi isingawanzo, kureva, iyo cerium feed solution ine huwandu hwakawanda hweCeO240-90g/L inopisa pa95 ° C. kusvika 105°C, uye ammonium bicarbonate inowedzerwa pasi pekugara ichibvongodzwa kuti ipere cerium carbonate. Huwandu hweammonium bicarbonate hunogadziridzwa kuitira kuti pH yemvura yekudya igadziriswe kusvika pa6.3 kusvika 6.5, uye mwero wekuwedzera unokodzera kuti mvura yekudyisa isapere mudhishi. Mushonga wecerium wekudya unokwana imwe yecerium chloride aqueous solution, cerium sulfate aqueous solution kana cerium nitrate aqueous solution. Chikwata cheR&D cheUrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. inotora nzira itsva yekubatanidza nekuwedzera yakasimba ammonium bicarbonate kana aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution.
Cerium carbonate inogona kushandiswa kugadzira cerium oxide, cerium dioxide uye mamwe nanomaterials. Zvikumbiro uye mienzaniso ndeiyi inotevera:
1. Anti-glare violet glass iyo inobata zvakasimba ultraviolet rays uye chikamu cheyero chechiedza chinooneka. Zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwegirazi resoda-lime-silica rinoyangarara, rinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu muhuwandu hwehuremu: silica 72~82%, sodium oxide 6~15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, iron oxide 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%. Iyo 4mm gobvu girazi ine inooneka transmittance yakakura kupfuura 80%, ultraviolet transmittance isingasviki 15%, uye transmittance pawavelengths ye568-590 nm isingasviki 15%.
2. Pendi inopedza simba-inochengetedza simba, inoratidzwa mukuti inoumbwa nekusanganisa kuzadza uye firimu-kuumba zvinhu, uye iyo yekuzadza inoumbwa nekusanganisa zvinotevera zvakasvibiswa muzvikamu nekurema: 20 kusvika ku35 zvikamu zvesilicon dioxide, uye 8 kusvika 20 zvikamu zvealuminium oxide. , 4 kusvika ku10 zvikamu zvetitanium oxide, 4 kusvika ku10 zvikamu zve zirconia, 1 kusvika 5 zvikamu zve zinc oxide, 1 kusvika ku5 zvikamu zve magnesium oxide, 0.8 kusvika ku 5 zvikamu zvesilicon carbide, 0.02 kusvika 0.5 zvikamu zveyttrium oxide, uye 0.01 kusvika ku1.5 zvikamu zvechromium oxide. zvikamu, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zve kaolin, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zvepasi zvisingawanzo zvinhu, 0.8-5 zvikamu zvekabhoni dema, saizi yechikamu chimwe nechimwe mbishi ndeye 1-5 μm; umo, zviwanikwa zvepasi zvisingawanzo zvinosanganisira 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zve lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zvecerium carbonate 1.5 zvikamu zve praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zve praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zve promethium carbonate uye 10.50. nitrate; iyo firimu yekugadzira zvinhu ndeye potassium sodium carbonate; iyo potassium sodium carbonate inosanganiswa nehuremu hwakafanana hwe potassium carbonate uye sodium carbonate. Huremu hwekusanganisa huremu hwekuzadza uye firimu-kugadzira zvinhu ndeye 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kana 4.8: 5.2. Kupfuurirazve, imwe mhando yekugadzirira nzira yependi endothermic inochengetedza simba inoratidzwa mune iyo inosanganisira anotevera matanho:
Nhanho yekutanga, kugadzirira kwekuzadza, kutanga kuyera 20-35 zvikamu zvesilica, 8-20 zvikamu zvealumina, 4-10 zvikamu zvetitanium oxide, 4-10 zvikamu zve zirconia, uye 1-5 zvikamu zve zinc oxide nekurema. . , 1 kusvika ku 5 zvikamu zve magnesium oxide, 0.8 kusvika ku 5 zvikamu zvesilicon carbide, 0.02 kusvika 0.5 zvikamu zveyttrium oxide, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zvechromium trioxide, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zve kaolin, 0.01 kusvika 1.5 zvikamu zvepasi, zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki uye zvisingawanzoitiki. 0.8 kusvika ku5 zvikamu zvekabhoni nhema, uye zvakaenzana zvakasanganiswa mumusanganisi kuti uwane filler; umo, iyo isingawanzo pasi zvinhu inosanganisira 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zve lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zvecerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zve praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 zvikamu zve neodymium carbonate uye 0.01～1.5 zvikamu zvepro
Danho rechipiri, kugadzirirwa kwefirimu-kuumba zvinhu, firimu-kugadzira zvinhu ndeye sodium potassium carbonate; kutanga kuyera potassium carbonate uye sodium carbonate zvakateerana nehuremu, uye wozosanganisa zvakaenzana kuti uwane iyo firimu-kugadzira zvinhu; iyo sodium potassium carbonate ndiyo Huremu hwakafanana hwe potassium carbonate uye sodium carbonate inosanganiswa;
Danho rechitatu, kusanganiswa kwehuwandu hwekuzadza uye firimu zvinhu nekurema ndeye 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kana 4.8: 5.2, uye musanganiswa unosanganiswa zvakafanana uye wakaparadzirwa kuti uwane musanganiswa;
Muchikamu chechina, musanganiswa unoputirwa bhora kwemaawa 6-8, uye ipapo chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinowanikwa kuburikidza nekupfuura nepahwindo, uye mesh yekrini ndeye 1-5 μm.
3. Kugadzirira kwe ultrafine cerium oxide: Kushandisa hydrated cerium carbonate semutangiri, ultrafine cerium oxide ine yepakati particle size isingasviki 3 μm yakagadzirwa nebhora rakananga kugaya uye calcination. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa zvese zvine cubic fluorite chimiro. Sezvo tembiricha yecalcination inowedzera, saizi yezvigadzirwa inodzikira, saizi yekugovera saizi inova diki uye crystallinity inowedzera. Nekudaro, kugona kupenya kwemagirazi matatu akasiyana kwakaratidza kukosha kwakanyanya pakati pe900 ℃ ne1000 ℃. Naizvozvo, zvinotendwa kuti chiyero chekubvisa chegirazi pamusoro pezvinhu panguva yekupenya kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nehukuru hwechikamu, crystallinity uye chiitiko chepamusoro chehupfu hwekupukuta.