Kodi Rare-Earths ndi chiyani?
Dziko lapansi losowa, lomwe limatchedwanso maelementi osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, limatchula zinthu 17 pa tebulo la periodic zomwe zimaphatikizapo mndandanda wa lanthanide kuchokera ku manambala a atomiki 57, lanthanum (La) mpaka 71, lutetium (Lu), kuphatikizapo scandium (Sc) ndi yttrium (Y) .
Kuchokera ku dzinali, munthu angaganize kuti izi ndi "zosowa," koma malinga ndi zaka zowerengeka (chiŵerengero cha nkhokwe zotsimikiziridwa ndi kupanga pachaka) ndi kachulukidwe kake mkati mwa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, ndizochuluka kwambiri kuposa led kapena zinc.
Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino dziko lapansi, munthu angayembekezere kusintha kwakukulu kwa luso lamakono; zosintha monga luso laukadaulo kudzera mu magwiridwe antchito atsopano, kukonza kukhazikika kwazinthu zamapangidwe komanso kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi pamakina ndi zida zamagetsi.
Za Rare-Earth Oxides
Gulu la Rare-Earth Oxides nthawi zina limatchedwa Rare Earths kapena nthawi zina REO. Zitsulo zina zosowa zapadziko lapansi zapeza ntchito zambiri padziko lapansi muzitsulo, zoumba, kupanga magalasi, utoto, ma lasers, ma TV ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Kufunika kwa zitsulo zosapezeka padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa, komanso kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi nthaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mafakitale zimakhala ndi ma oxides, kapena zimachokera ku oxides.
Ponena za kuchuluka kwa ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo popanga zopangira (monga njira zitatu zopangira magalimoto), m'mafakitale okhudzana ndi magalasi (kupanga magalasi, kukongoletsa kapena kukongoletsa utoto, kupukuta magalasi ndi zina zofananira) kupanga maginito kumapangitsa pafupifupi 70% ya ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchito zina zofunika m'mafakitale zimakhudzana ndi mafakitale azitsulo (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera mu Fe kapena Al metal alloys), zoumba (makamaka pa Y), zowunikira zokhudzana ndi kuyatsa (monga phosphors), monga zida za batri, kapena zolimba. oxide mafuta maselo, mwa zina. Kuphatikiza apo, koma osafunikira kwenikweni, pali ntchito zocheperako, monga kugwiritsa ntchito biomedical ma nanoparticulated system okhala ndi ma oxidi osowa padziko lapansi pochiza khansa kapena zozindikiritsa zotupa, kapena zodzikongoletsera zoteteza khungu.
Za Rare-Earth Compounds
Kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu Kwambiri-Earth Compounds amapangidwa kuchokera ku ores ndi njira iyi: kulimbikitsa thupi (mwachitsanzo, kuyandama), leaching, kuyeretsedwa kwa njira ndi zosungunulira zosungunulira, kupatukana kwapadziko lapansi ndi zosungunulira m'zigawo, mpweya wapawiri wapawiri. Pomaliza, zinthuzi zimapanga carbonate, hydroxide, phosphates, ndi fluoride.
Pafupifupi 40% ya zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo - kupanga maginito, ma electrode a batri, ndi ma alloys. Zitsulo zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kutentha kwakukulu kosakanikirana ndi mchere wa electrowinning ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwazitsulo zochepetsera zitsulo, mwachitsanzo, calcium kapena lanthanum.
Ma rare Earth amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazifukwa izi:
●Mma agnet (mpaka maginito 100 pagalimoto yatsopano)
● Catalysts (utsi wamagalimoto ndi kuwonongeka kwa petroleum)
● Mafuta opukutira agalasi a zowonetsera pa TV ndi ma disks osungira deta yagalasi
● Mabatire othachatsidwanso (makamaka magalimoto osakanizidwa)
● Zojambulajambula (zida zowunikira, fulorosenti ndi zokulitsa kuwala)
● Magnet ndi ma photonics akuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri pazaka zingapo zikubwerazi
UrbanMines imapereka mndandanda wazinthu zachiyero chapamwamba komanso zopangira zoyera kwambiri. Kufunika kwa Rare Earth Compounds kumakula kwambiri mumatekinoloje ambiri ofunikira ndipo sangalowe m'malo mwazinthu zambiri komanso kupanga. Timapereka ma Rare Earth Compounds m'makalasi osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za kasitomala aliyense, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zida zamtengo wapatali m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kodi Ma Rare-Earth amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba m'mafakitale kwa nthaka yosowa kwambiri kunali kwamwala wonyezimira. Panthawiyo, teknoloji yolekanitsa ndi kukonzanso inali isanapangidwe, kotero kusakaniza kwa zinthu zambiri zapadziko lapansi ndi mchere wambiri kapena zosasinthika za misch (alloy) zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuchokera m'ma 1960, kulekanitsa ndi kuyengedwa kunakhala kotheka ndipo zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa dziko lililonse losowa zinayamba kuonekera. Pakukula kwawo kwa mafakitale, adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati ma cathode-ray chubu phosphors pama TV achikuda komanso pamagalasi apamwamba a kamera. Iwo apitiliza kuthandizira kuchepetsa kukula ndi kulemera kwa makompyuta, makamera a digito, zipangizo zomvera ndi zina zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika okhazikika komanso mabatire omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, akhala akupeza chidwi ngati zida zopangira ma hydrogen-absorbing alloys ndi magnetostriction alloys.
