1, Pofunafuna chithunzi: Kufunika kwa Photovoltaic kukhazikitsidwa kwamphamvu, ndipo kufunikira kwa Polysilicon kumasinthidwa kutengera zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa
1.1. Ma Pollsilicon Add: GlobalBuku Lomwe limayamba kukula, makamaka ku Photovovoltaic Post
Zaka khumi zapitazi, dziko lonse lapansiPolysiliconKudya kwapitilirabe kukwera, ndipo ku China kwapitiliza kukulitsa, kutsogoleredwa ndi Photovoltaic. Kuyambira pa 2012 mpaka 2021, The Polysilicon Padziko Lonse la Polysilicon adawonetsa zomwe zidawonetsa mmwamba, kutuluka kuchokera ku 237,000 matani pafupifupi 65,000. Mu 2018, China 531 Photoytaltaic Ndondomeko yatsopano idayambitsidwa, yomwe idachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukufuna. Chithunzi chokhazikitsidwa kumene chinkachitika kumene chinali ndi zaka 18%, ndipo zomwe zikufunika kuti polysilicon idakhudzidwa. Kuyambira mu 2019, boma lakhazikitsa mfundo zingapo kuti zilimbikitse mgwirizano wa Photovolta. Ndi kukula kwa mafakitale a Photovovoltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltal, kufunikira kwa polysilicon kwayambanso kukulira msanga. Munthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa polysilicon kugwiritsa ntchito pompano padziko lonse lapansi kunapitilirabe, kuyambira 61.5% mu 2012 mpaka 931, makamaka chifukwa cha Photovoltaic Freetery. Kuchokera panjira yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadziko lonse ya polysilicon mu 2021, zida za Sicollan zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa 94%, pomwe 3%, pomwe pagenti yamagetsi yopanga ma phosts a 94%. Chiwerengerocho ndi 6%, chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti kufunikira kwa polysilicon kumayendetsedwa ndi macheka. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ndi kulimirika kwa dongosolo la Allbortol, zomwe zimafunikira pa chithunzi cha Photovoltaic ikhale champhamvu, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa polysilicon polysilicon ipitilira.
1.2. Silicon Wafer: Monocrystalline Silicon Wafer amakhala kwambiri
Ulalo wotsika kwambiri wa polysilicon ndi a Sicon Wafers, ndipo China pano amayang'anira msika wapadziko lonse wa silicon. Kuyambira mu 2012 mpaka 2021, sikicon ya padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuwonetsa kukupitilirabe, ndipo makampani a Photovovoltalic adapitilirabe. Silicon Wafers akugwira ntchito ngati mlatho wolumikizira zida ndi mabatire, ndipo palibe nkhawa pazongopanga, choncho zikuthandizirani kuti zikopa makampani ambiri kuti alowe nawo malonda. Mu 2021, aku China a Sicon War Orldrs adakulitsa kwambirichinthuKutha kwa 213.5gw kutulutsa, komwe kudayendetsa Wapadziko lonse lapansi kwapadera kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa 215.4gw. Malinga ndi kuchuluka komweko komanso kungochulukitsidwa kumene ku China, zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa chaka kumachitika 15-25% zaka zingapo zotsatira, ndipo opanga ku China idzakhalanso malo opambana padziko lapansi.
Polycrystalline silicon amatha kupangidwa mu polycrystalline silikicon ibots kapena monocrystalline zida. Kupanga kwa Polycrystalline Silicon irots makamaka kumaphatikizapo kukoka kwa njira ndi njira yosungunuka. Pakadali pano, mtundu wachiwiri ndiye njira yayikulu, ndipo kutaya kwake kumasungidwa pafupifupi 5%. Njira yopondereza ndiyofunika kusungunula siyicton zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kenako ndikuzitaya mwapamwamba wina yemwe anali atayamba kuziziritsa. Mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kozizira, polycrystalside diicon ington imaponyedwa ndi ukadaulo wolimba. Njira yosungunuka ya njira yopukutira mwachindunji ndi yofanana ndi njira yopsinjika, yomwe polysilicon imasungunuka mwachindunji, koma njira yozizira ndiyosiyana ndi njira yoponyera. Ngakhale njira ziwirizi ndizofanana kwambiri mwachilengedwe, njira yosungunuka imangofunika munthu wina yemwe ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo kukula kwake ndikosavuta kuyendetsa, zomwe zimatha kupanga mawonekedwe a Crystal Vutoction. Pakadali pano, mabizinesi otsogola omwe amapereka mphamvu zamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopukutira ya polycrystalline, ndipo zomwe zilipo kaboni ndi ophika mpweya. M'tsogolomu, kupanga kwa polycrystalnine silicon irots idzalamuliridwabe ndi njira yosungunuka mwachindunji, ndipo kutaya kuwonongeka kumakhalabe pafupifupi 5% pasanathe zaka zisanu.
Kupanga kwa conocrystalline rods kumakhazikitsidwa makamaka pa njira ya Czochuralski, yopangidwa ndi kuyimitsa kokhazikika kosungunuka, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi awiriwo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Njira ya CZOCHARYI imagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zojambulajambula kumoto polycrystalline liricon mu chitumbulidwe chachikulu kwambiri. , Khrisimasi imadzutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo monocrystalnine amapezeka kudzera mu njira za kumera, kukulitsa, kusintha kwa phewa, kukula kofanana, ndikumaliza. Njira yolumikizira yolumikizira imatanthawuza kukhazikitsa zoyera za polycrystalline mu chipinda cha ntchentche, ndikudutsa payilesi yaziwele yazitsulo ndikupanga gawo la pelcrystalline golt, ndipo pambuyo pa coil ndi Kusunthidwa, kusungunuka kumabwezeretsanso mawonekedwe amodzi. Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, pali kusiyana m'matanga opanga, ndalama zopangira ndi mtundu. Pakadali pano, zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi njira yolerera imakhala yoyera ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za Semicoltal, pomwe a Czochralski njira yopangira ma cellytal cells ndipo ali ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Mu 2021, gawo la msika la njira yolunjika yolunjika ndi pafupifupi 85%, ndipo likuyembekezeka kuchuluka kwa zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Msika wamsika mu 2025 ndi 2030 akunenedweratu kuti ndi 87% ndi 90% motsatana. Pankhani yachigawo chosungunuka silika imodzi ya kristal, omwe amapanga chigawo cha Dera Losungunuka silicon imodzi imakhala yokwera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kupeza), toptil (Denmark). M'tsogolomu, kukula kwa mawu osungunuka silikambole silikaltal sikuchuluka kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndikuti matekinoloje okhudzana ndi China amayang'ana m'mbuyo poyerekeza ndi Japan ndi Germany, makamaka mphamvu yotentha kwambiri ndi ma crystallization. Tekinoloje yofafutidwa silicon imodzi m'malo akuluakulu mulingo imafunikira mabizinesi aku China kuti apitilize kudzifufuza okha.
Njira ya CZOCHARYYKI imatha kugawidwa m'matumbo okhazikika akukoka (CCZ) ndikubwereza ukadaulo wokonzanso masikono (RCZ). Pakadali pano, njira yayikulu kwambiri yopangira mafakitale ndi RCZ, yomwe ili mu gawo losintha kuchokera ku RCZ kupita ku CCZ. Kukoka kwa kristalo ndi kudyetsa ma Rzc sikuyimira pawokha. Kukoka kulikonse, inot imodzi ya Crystal iyenera kukhazikika ndikuchotsedwa mchipinda cha chipata, pomwe CCZ imatha kuzindikira kudya ndikusungunuka pomwe ikukoka. RCZ imakhwima, ndipo pali malo ochepa osintha ukadaulo mtsogolo; Pamene CCZ ili ndi maubwino a mitengo kuchepetsedwa ndi kusintha kwamphamvu, ndipo ili mu gawo lakukula mwachangu. Pankhani ya mtengo, poyerekeza ndi RCZ, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi maola 8 ndodo imodzi isanakokedwe, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu pochotsa gawo ili. Chotulutsa chonsecho chimakhala choposa 20% kuposa RCZ. Mtengo wopanga ndi woposa 10% wotsika kuposa RCZ. Pankhani yogwira ntchito, CCZ imatha kumaliza zojambula 8-10 zitsulo zamkati mwazomwe zimapachikidwa (maola 250 Pankhani yaubwino, CCZ ili ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, zochepetsetsa mpweya, komanso kuchuluka kwa zodetsa za chitsulo, chifukwa chake ndikoyenera kukonzekera n-mtundu umodzi wa crystan, womwe umakhalanso nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, makampani ena achikunja alengeza kuti ali ndi ukadaulo wa CCZ, ndipo njira ya granilar silicon-ccz-n-kwenelstalsine zida zaphokoso kwambiri, ndipo zayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokwana 100%. . M'tsogolomu, CCZ idzasinthiratu RCZ, koma idzachita njira ina.
Kupanga kwa Monocrystalline silicon Wafers amagawidwa m'magawo anayi: Kukoka, kumeteka, kugwedeza, kuyeretsa ndi kukonza. Kutuluka kwa waya wa diamondi kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchepa kwa nthawi. Kukoka kristalo kwafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Njira yokometsera imaphatikizapo kupanikizika, kuphwanya, ndi kukwapula. Kusaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina opanga kuti aduleni siketi ya Collem ku Silicon Wafers. Kuyeretsa ndi kusanja ndi njira zomaliza popanga silicon yotentha. Njira ya waya ya diamondi ili ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu pa njira yachikhalidwe yaya yokhazikika, yomwe imawonetsedwa nthawi yochepa yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yochepa. Kuthamanga kwa waya wa diamondi kumakhala kasanu kasanu ka kudula kwachikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse matope amodzi, kudula matope am'madzi kumatenga pafupifupi maola 10, ndipo kudula kwa wa diamondi kumangotenga pafupifupi maola awiri. Kutayika kwa waya wa diamondi kulinso kochepa, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa waya kumabzala ndi kocheperako kuposa matope ayamwa, omwe ali omasuka kudula alder wofewetsa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuti achepetse zotayika ndi ndalama zopanga, makampani atembenukira ndi njira zam'madzi za diamondi, ndipo m'mimba mwake masitepe a maenda akutsika komanso otsika. Mu 2021, mainchesi a waya wa diamondi adzakhala 43-56 μm, ndi mainchesi a waya wa diamondi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Monocrystalline a Monocrystal Iricon Ichicon chidzachepa kwambiri ndikupitiliza. Akuyerekeza kuti mu 2025 ndi 2030, m'mimba mwa waya wa diamondi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula a Molycrystalline ilfers imakhala 36 μm ndi 33 μm ndi 51 μm, motero. Izi ndichifukwa choti pali zolakwika zambiri komanso zosayera mu polycrystalline silicon imayamba, ndipo mawaya owonda amakonda kuswa. Chifukwa chake, m'mimba mwa waya wa diamondi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polycrystalline anicon wodula pang'ono kuposa a Molycrystalline waya wa masitepe a diamondi amachepetsa.
Pakadali pano, apicon amagawika mitundu iwiri: polycrystalsi silicon Wafers ndi monocrystalne silicon Wafe. Moncrystalline silicon Wafer ali ndi zabwino zokhala ndi moyo wautali wa ntchito komanso zosintha zapamwamba kutembenuka. Polycrystalline silicon ofer amapangidwa ndi mbewu za kristali zokhala ndi ndege zozungulira, pomwe ofera a kristal a Cirstan amapangidwa ndi polycrystalline ngati zida zomera komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndege ikhale yofanana. Maonekedwe, polycrystalline silicon Wafers ndi Shristal Iricon Wafers ndi wabuluu-wakuda komanso wakuda-wakuda. Popeza awiriwo amadulidwa ku polycrystalline silicon ibots ndi monocrystalline sikicn ndodo, motero, mawonekedwe ndi lalikulu komanso quasi-lalikulu. Moyo wa Utumiki wa Polycrystalline silicon Wafers ndi monocrystalne silicon Wafer ali ndi zaka 20. Ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndioyenera, moyo wa Utumiki ungafikire zaka 25. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wa monocrystalline anocton ofer amatenga nthawi pang'ono kuposa polycrystalline silicon. Kuphatikiza apo, monocrystalline anicon omwe amayamba kutembenuka momasuka, ndipo zonyansa zawo ndi zitsulo ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa za polycrystalline alfer. Zotsatira zingapo za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yayitali ya makristals amodzi kwambiri kuposa a polycrystalline silicon. Potero ndikuwonetsa mwayi wa kutembenuka. Mu 2021, njira yosinthira kwambiri ya polycrystalline silicon ikhala pafupifupi 21%, ndipo ya a monocrystalsi silicon imafika mpaka 24.2%.
Kuphatikiza pa moyo wautali komanso kutembenuka kwakukulu, monocrystalnide matendawa amakhalanso ndi kupatulira silikon, koma sangalalani ndi kuchuluka kwa digiri. Kuchepetsa kwa Waicon Wafer kumathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga, ndipo njira yovutayi imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za miyala, koma makulidwe a sicnon akukwaniritsa zosowa za cell ndi kupanga. Mwambiri, makulidwe a uclen wakhala akuchepa m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo makulidwe a polycrystalline anicon Wafer ndiwokulirapo kuposa wa monocrystalline anocton. Moncrystalline silicon Wafers amagawika mu n-mtundu wa sicn Wafers ndi P-Mitundu ya PICON WA HALCON Courry makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito batire. Mu 2021, ma makulidwe a polycrystalline silicon ndi 178μm, ndipo kusowa kwa malingaliro mtsogolo kumawayendetsa kuti apitirize kufowoka. Chifukwa chake, zanenedweratu kuti makulidwe amatsika pang'ono kuchokera pa 2022 mpaka 2024, ndipo makulidwe azikhala pafupifupi 200μm pambuyo 2025; Makulidwe wamba a p-mtundu wa monocrystalsi silicon ndi 110μm, ndipo akuyenera kugwetsa ma cell a Hjt omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1520. 165μm. 135μm.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga kwa polycrystalline anicon ofinya kumatha kuposa a Monocrystalne silicon, koma zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa maulendo okwera mtengo, omwe amabweretsa maulendo okwera mtengo, omwe amabweretsa maubwino a polycrystalline alfer. Polycrystalline silicon, monga zofananira zofananira ndi polycrystalline silicon Wafer ndi monocrystalnide a licon ofera, ndizomwe zimapezeka pakupanga ziwirizi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusasiyana ndi awiriwo. Mu 2021, kumwa sicn kumwa kwa polycrystalline inot ndi 1.10 kg / kg. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kugulitsa ndalama zochepa pakufufuza ndi kukulitsa kumabweretsa kusintha kwakung'ono mtsogolo. Kudya kwa Silicn kwa ndodo yokoka ndi 1.066 kg / kg, ndipo pali gawo linalake kuti likwaniritse. Zikuyembekezeka kukhala 1.05 kg / kg ndi 1.043 kg / kg mu 2025 ndi 2030, motsatana. Mu kayendedwe katatu, kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa ndodo yokoka kumatheka chifukwa kuchepetsa malo oyeretsa ndi kuphwanya, ndikukonzanso tekinoloje ya zida zowonongeka za silikiti. Ngakhale kumwa siyikon ku Polycrystalnine Walfers ndiokwera, mtengo wopanga wa polycrystalsi silicon ists nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Otsika. Mu 2021, mtengo wapakati wa monocrystalline diicon Wilicon Infers adzakhala pafupifupi 0,673 Yuan / w, ndi wa polycrystalline anicon Wafer adzakhala 0,66 Yuan / w.
Monga makulidwe a siyicnor Wamer amachepetsa ndipo m'mimba mwake wa masitepe a diamon amachepetsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ndodo zophatikizira za crigry Pankhani ya mphamvu, mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sipicken iliyonse imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi kukula. Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa p-mtundu 166mm kukula kwa monocrystalline mipiringiri ndi pafupifupi zidutswa za kilogalamu, ndi kutulutsa kwa polycrystalline lalikulu mita ndi pafupifupi 59 zidutswa. Pakati pa p-mtundu wa p-mtundu umodzi wa Crystan, zotulutsa za 158.75mm kukula kwa zidutswa za p-mtundu wa p-13mm kukula kwa kilogalamu imodzi ndi zidutswa za kilogalamu 53. Kutulutsa kwa bala lalikulu ndi pafupifupi 40 zidutswa. Kuyambira pa 2022 mpaka 2030, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chitumbuwa kwa matenda a silicon nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha rods / misani yamphesa yomweyo. Diarori yaying'ono ya waya wa diamondi ya diamondi ndi sing'anga kukula zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kutaya zotayika, potero kuwonjezereka kuchuluka kwa ofedwa. kuchuluka. Akuyerekeza kuti mu 2025 ndi 2030, kutulutsa kwa P-Type 166mm Square Squares ndi zidutswa za misika, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha gawo lochepa la polycrystalline zomwe zikuyenda bwino. Pali zosiyana mu mphamvu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa ulicon. Malinga ndi zolengeza za mphamvu yapakati pa 158.75m sinki silican ndi pafupifupi 5.8W / Gawo Mphamvu yapakatikati ya silicon yaikeyo ili pafupi 7.49w / digiri, ndi mphamvu yayitali ya 210mm ecan yailfer ili pafupifupi 10w / chidutswa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, apicon ofera pang'onopang'ono adayamba kuwongolera kukula kwa kukula kwake, ndipo kukula kwakukulu ndikoyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu ya chip imodzi, potero imachepetsa mtengo womwe si suconen ya maselo. Komabe, kuphatikizika kwa chitsiritso cha Sicon kumafunikanso kuganizira kwambiri zinthu zofananira komanso zotsika mtengo komanso njira, makamaka katundu ndi nkhani zapamwamba zamakono. Pakadali pano pali misasa iwiri kumsika wokhudza chitsogozo chamtsogolo cha kukula kwa silicon, ndi 182mm kukula ndi 210mm. Pempho la 182mm limakhala makamaka chifukwa cha omwe akusiyidwa, kutengera kukhazikitsa ndi kusungitsa kwa ma cell a Photovovoltaic, mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ma module, ndi kutsitsa pakati kumtunda ndi kutsindika; Pomwe 210mm makamaka chifukwa cha malingaliro opanga mitengo ndi mtengo wake. Kutulutsa kwa 210msi Silicon Wafers ochulukirapo ochulukirapo 15% mu rod, mtengo wotsika mtengo wa batire unachepetsedwa ndi 0.02 Yuan / w, M'zaka zochepa zotsatira, zikuyembekezeka kuti kufera siyicnon kumatha kukula pansi pa 166mmmyi posachedwapa; Mavuto apamwamba komanso otsika kwambiri a 210mpicon pang'onopang'ono amathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mtengo udzakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chikukhudzanso bizinesi ndi kupanga mabizinesi. Chifukwa chake, msika wamaluwa wa 210mm silican imachuluka. Steady akukwera; 182mm Situcon Wafer idzakhala kukula kwakukulu pamsika mwa ukoma wazomwe zimaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu kupanga ukadaulo, koma mothandizidwa ndi 210mnicon mwaluso. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zovuta kuti khungu lalikululi ligwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pazaka zingapo zikuchitika, chifukwa mtengo wake wagwira ntchito ndi chiopsezo cha masicni onjezerani, zomwe ndizovuta kuzimitsa ndi ndalama zomwe zili ndi ndalama zopangira ndi ndalama. . Mu 2021, apicon Warmer pamsika amakhala ndi 156.75mm, 157mm, 152mm, 26mm, yomwe idzayamba kusinthidwa mtsogolo; 166mm ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri yofananira yomwe ingakwezedwe pamzere wokhala ndi batire, yomwe ikhale yayikulu kwambiri m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Potengera kukula kwake, akuyembekezeka kuti gawo lamsika likhala lochepera 2% mu 2030; Kukula kophatikizika kwa 182mm ndi 210mm itawerengera 45% mu 2021, ndipo gawo lamasika lidzakula msanga mtsogolo. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti gawo lonse la msika mu 2030 lidzapitilira 98%.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo lamasika la monocrystalline apitilizo likupitilira kukula, ndipo lakhala malo oyambira pamsika. Kuyambira mu 2012 mpaka 2021, gawo la monocrystalline silicon lidakwera pasanathe 20% mpaka 93.3%, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu. Mu 2018, apicton amayamba kumera pamsika ndi makamaka polycrystalline silicon, kumawerengera zoposa 50%. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuti maubwino a utocrystalline silicon sangathe kuphimba zovuta zomwe zingawonongeke. Kuyambira mu 2019, monga potembenuza poyerekeza ndi monocrystalsi silicon, ndipo mtengo wopanga wa molycrystalnide Wafer wapitiliza kukula, ndikukhala chachikulu pamsika. mankhwala. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti gawo la monocrystalline silicon lifika pafupifupi 96% mu 2025, ndipo msika wa Monocrystalline anocn Wafers adzafika pa 2030.
1.3. Mabatire: mabatire a Perc amayendetsa msika, ndipo chitukuko cha mabatire n
Kulumikizana kwa zithunzi za Photovoltaic makampani amaphatikiza ma cell a Photovovoltaic ndi ma module a Photovovoltaic. Kukonzekera kwa silicon kumatha m'maselo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pokwaniritsa kutembenuka. Pamafunika pafupifupi magawo asanu ndi awiri kuti mukonze khungu lachilendo kuchokera ku ulicon. Choyamba, ikani siyikoni idayamba mu hydrofluoric acid kuti apange suded monga suded wozungulira pa sudede pamtunda mwake, potero kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a dzuwa ndikuwonjezera mayamwidwe amayamwidwe; Lachiwiri ndi phosphorous imasungunuka pamwamba pa mbali imodzi ya silson imapangitsa kuti pn mumvekere, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhudza bwino maselo; Wachitatu ndikuchotsa zolumikizana ndi PN. Wosanjikiza wa silicon nitride filimuyo amapezeka kumbali yomwe kumverera kwa PN. Lachisanu ndikusindikiza zitsulo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa silkon kumangotola zonyamula zochepera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Photovoltaics; Chigawo chosindikizidwa mu gawo losindikiza chimachimwira ndipo chimapangidwa, ndipo chimaphatikizidwa ndi silikic, ndiye kuti, khungu; Pomaliza, maselo omwe ali ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana amatchulidwa.
Maselo a Crystaline nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi licon yotentha ngati magawo, ndipo amatha kugawidwa m'maselo amtundu wa p-ma cell ndi n-ma cell molingana ndi mtundu wa chotupa cha silicon. Pakati pawo, ma cell a N-AQUM ali ndi kusintha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono ndikubwezeretsa ma cell a P-mtundu waposachedwa. P-Mitundu ya P-Mitundu ya PICONON imapangidwa ndi disicon ndi boron, ndipo n-mtundu wa silicon wa phosphorous. Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika kwa boron chinthu mu lilibeicone chotsika mtengo, potengera zovuta za a Boron-oblipment a zinthu za sil. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wotsika mtengo ndi mabowo, mtundu wa p-mtundu wa P-TRAMICINE POPANDA, ndi kuswana kwa maatomu ambiri opirira mabowo ndi ochepa kuposa ma elekitoni. Chifukwa chake, chonyamula ochepa kwambiri a cell a N-Lylow ndi okwera ndipo kuchuluka kwa potomelectric ndipamwamba. Malinga ndi labotale deta, malire apamwamba a kutembenuka kwa maselo amtundu wa P-mtundu wa 24,5%, komanso kutembenuka kwa maselo amtundu wa n. Mu 2021, ma cell a N-N-N-N-N-N-N-N-Nyimbo (makamaka maselo apamwamba) ali ndi ndalama zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwakukulu ndikadali kochepa. Gawo la msika lilipoli pafupifupi 3%, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi yomwe ili 2020.
Mu 2021, kutembenuka kwa njira ya N-Mitundu idzasinthidwe kwakukulu, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuti padzakhala malo ambiri kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo zaka zisanu zotsatira. Mu 2021, kupanga kwakukulu kwa ma c-mtundu wa py conocrystalline kudzagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa perc, ndipo njira wamba imafikira 23.1%, kuchuluka kwa mfundo zokwana 0,3. Kusintha kwa njira ya polycrystalline ku Black Shuto Kuchita zachikhalidwe cha polycrystalline ku Black Celly Kuchita bwino sikulimba, kutembenuka kosintha mu 2021 kudzachitika pafupifupi 19.5%, kokha, malo okwanira amtsogolo ndi ochepa; Njira yosinthira bwino ya ingrystalline Perc cell ndi 22.4%, yomwe ili 0,7 peresenti mfundo zotsika kuposa maselo a Monocrystalline Perc; Kutembenuka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a n-mtundu wapamwamba kumafika 24%, ndipo njira wamba yosintha chinsomba imafika pa 24,2%, ndipo njira imodzi yomwe yakhala ikuthandizira masentimita 20.2%. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo mtsogolo, matekinoloje a batri monga TBC ndi HBC ipitirirenso kupita patsogolo. M'tsogolo, kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira wopanga ndi kusintha kwa mabatire a N-n
Kuchokera pakuwona njira yaukadaulo ya batri, kusintha kwaukadaulo wa batri kumachitika kwenikweni kwa BSF, Perc, topcon chifukwa cha kusintha kwa Perc, ndipo HJT, tekinoloje yatsopano yomwe imagonera Perc; Topcon imaphatikizidwanso ndi ibc kuti apange tbc, ndipo HJt imathanso kuphatikiza ndi ibc kuti ikhale HBC. Maselo a P-Lecrystalline makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Perc, ma cell a P Osakanikirana ndi crystalline imodzi ndi polycrystalline imapangidwa kudzera mu njira zingapo zosinthira. Chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yokonzekera kusintha kwa polycrystalline, imaphatikizidwa m'gulu la P-mtundu wa ma cell a PELLYSCrystalline. Maselo a N-a N-LOMS makamaka amaphatikiza ma cell a TomConstalline, Hjt a Monocrystalline maselo ndi ma cell a IBC monocrystalline. Mu 2021, mizere yatsopano yopanga idzayang'aniridwanso ndi mizere ya perc, ndipo msika wamaselo a PerC uwonjezeka mpaka 91.2%. Monga momwe ntchito yopangira zakunja ndi zapakhomo yakhazikika pazinthu zochulukirapo, msika wa mabatire a BSF adzachoka kuchokera 8.8% mpaka 5% mu 2021.
1.4. Ma module: mtengo wa maselo a maselo akuluakulu, ndipo mphamvu ya ma module zimatengera maselo
Zopanga ma module a Photovovoltalic makamaka zimaphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi ma cell, ndipo ma cell a akaunti yayikulu ya mtengo wonsewo. Popeza maselo apano ndi m'manja mwa khungu limodzi ndi ochepa kwambiri, maselo amafunika kuphatikizidwa kudzera pabasi. Apa, amalumikizidwa motsatizana kuti awonjezere mphamvu, kenako kulumikizidwa kufanana, kenako galasi, pepala losindikizidwa, ndipo pamapeto pake chimakaniza ndi silicone. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa zinthu zopangira zopangira, ndalama zolipirira 75%, zomwe zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu, zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi mtengo wopangidwa, mtengo wowononga magwiridwe antchito komanso ndalama. Mtengo wa zida zimatsogozedwa ndi mtengo wa maselo. Malinga ndi zilengezo m'magulu ambiri, makalata ambiri a pafupifupi 2/3 mwa mtengo wonse wa ma module a Photovovoltal.
Ma module a Photovoltaic nthawi zambiri amagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu, kukula, komanso kuchuluka. Pali zosiyana mu mphamvu ya ma module osiyanasiyana, koma onse ali gawo lokwera. Mphamvu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha ma module a Photovovoltaic, kuyimira njira ya gawo la gawo loti atembenuke mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala magetsi. Itha kuwoneka kuchokera ku ziwerengero za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a Photovoltaic kuti kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe ali mu crystal> p-mtundu umodzi; Kukula kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka, mphamvu yayikulu ya gawo; Kwa ma module a Torncon Barstal Barstal Bary ndi ma module a heroungection zomwezo, mphamvu za zotsalazo ndizokulirapo kuposa zomwe kale. Malinga ndi CPIA kuneneratu, mphamvu module imachuluka ndi 5-10w pachaka m'masiku angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, malo omwe amapezeka module adzabweretsa kuchepa kwamphamvu, makamaka kuphatikizira kutaya kowoneka bwino komanso kutayika kwamagetsi. Wakaleyo amayamba chifukwa cha zotulukapo komanso zowoneka bwino za zida zapamaloto monga galasi la Phopytaltaic ndi Eva, ndipo omalizira amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a dzuwa mu mndandanda. Kutayika kwadera komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kukana kwa riboni yotentha ndi balo lokha, ndipo kusokonekera kumeneku komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kulumikizana komwe kumachitika.
1.5. Chithunzi cha Photovoltaic okhazikitsidwa: Ndondomeko za mayiko osiyanasiyana ndizomwe zimayendetsedwa, ndipo pali malo akuluakulu a mphamvu yatsopano yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mtsogolo
Dziko lafika pa mgwirizano pazenera zero molingana ndi cholinga chazachuma, komanso zachuma za mapulojekiti apamwamba kwambiri. Mayiko amasanthula kukula kwa m'badwo wokonzanso mphamvu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi adzipereka kuti achepetse mpweya. Ambiri mwa omwe amatulutsa mafuta akulu ozizira kwambiri omwe apanga zogwirizana ndi mphamvu zosinthidwa, ndipo mphamvu yokhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu yobwezeretsanso ndi yayikulu. Kutengera ndi 1.5 ℃ ℃ kutentha kwa kutentha, Irena akuneneratu kuti mphamvu zokonzedwanso zamphamvu zidzafika 1030. Kuphatikiza apo, ku United) kwa magetsi, molingana ndi mayiko ena otsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo adzayambanso mtsogolo. Kulimbikitsa kwamphamvu kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso zachuma za m'magetsi m'badwo wovuta kwadzetsa kuwonjezeka kosasunthika mu comprecitics padziko lapansi ndi China m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuyambira pa 2012 mpaka 2021, kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za zithunzi padziko lapansi kudzachuluka kuchokera ku 104.3gw mpaka 849.5gw, ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 07gw mpaka 307gw, kuwonjezeka kwa zaka zopitilira 44. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika kwa zithunzi zodziwika bwino ku China kopitilira 20% ya mphamvu zonse zadziko lapansi. Mu 2021, kuyika kwa chithunzi cha China kumene ndi 53gw, kumawerengera pafupifupi 40% ya anthu osinthika padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kufala kochuluka ndi yunifolomu kwa zinthu zamagetsi ku China, kukwera bwino ndikutsika, komanso kuthandizidwa ndi ndolo. Munthawi imeneyi, China yagwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri m'badwo wa Phopytaltaltaltal, ndipo mphamvu yokhazikitsidwa ndi zigawo za kuchuluka kwa zosakwana 6.5%. adalumphira mpaka 36.14%.
Kutengera ndi kusanthula pamwambapa, CPIA yawonetsa kulosera kwa Photovoltaic yatsopano kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030 padziko lonse lapansi. Akuyerekeza kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi chiyembekezo, omwe ali ndi zaka zapadziko lonse lapansi omwe akhazikitsidwa kumene. Pansipa tikudziwiratu kufunikira kwa polysilicon kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa atayika kumene chaka chilichonse.
1.6. Kufuna kuneneratu za polysilicon ya Photovoltac
Kuyambira pa 2022 mpaka 2030, potengera kulosera kwa CPIA ku CPIA komwe kukuwonjezereka kwa PV padziko lonse lapansi pamaziko ena omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo, kufunafuna kwa polysilicon kuti mapulogalamu a PV atha kunenedweratu. Maselo ndi gawo lofunikira kuti azindikire potembenuka, ndi apicton omwe ali ndi zida zoyambira kwambiri. Chiwerengero choyengadwa pa kilogalamu ya rogram ya silicon ndodo ndi iyots imatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku zigawo za kilogalamu ndi gawo la msika wa silicon ndi maikolonde. Kenako, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi msika wa silicon zofunda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ichacton yowonda imatha kuwerengedwa malinga ndi chithunzi chomwe chakhazikitsidwa kumene. Kenako, kulemera kwa ndodo za silicon ndi mitsuko kumatha kupezeka molingana ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha silicon cholemera komanso kuchuluka kwa ndodo za silicon ndi silicon ku miyala pa kilogalamu. Kuphatikizanso kuphatikizidwa ndi ufa woyeza wa silicon ndodo / Silicon indots, kufunikira kwa polysilicon kuti ajambulidwe kumene ku Insvoltaltal amatha kupezeka. Malinga ndi zotsatira zamtsogolo, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa polysilicon yatsopano pakukhazikitsa kwa zithunzi zisanu zapitazo kukupitilizabe, ndikuyamba kuchepa pang'ono zaka zitatu zotsatira. Akuyerekeza kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo mu 2025, Kufunika Kwapachaka kwa pachaka cha Photovoltac Kukhazikitsa kwa Photovoltan mu 2030 kukhala matani 1,042,100 , Matani 896,900. Malinga ndi ChinaGawo la Photoyvovoltaic itakhazikitsidwa,Kufunikira kwa China kwa Polysilicon kwa Photovoltaic Kugwiritsa 2025ikuyembekezeka kukhala matani 369,600 ndi matani 302,600 mosiyanasiyana m'mikhalidwe yabwino komanso yokhazikika, ndi matani 739,300 ndi matani 60500 matani motsatana.
2, Kuchuluka kwa semiconductork: Kuchuluka kwake kuli kocheperako kuposa zomwe akufuna mu Photvovoltac, ndipo kukula kwamtsogolo kumayembekezeredwa
Kuphatikiza pa kupanga ma cell a Photovoltal, polysililicon amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira popanga tchipisi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto, zamagetsi, zipatala zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zina zapakhomo. Njira yochokera ku polysilicon kuti ip imagawika masitepe atatu. Choyamba, polysilicon imakokedwa mu monocrystalline silicon iment, kenako ndikudula matenda owonda a silicon. Maluwa a Silicon amapangidwa kudzera munjira zingapo zokukuta, machira ndi kupukuta magwiridwe antchito. , yemwe ali zopangira zoyambira za fakitale ya semiconductor. Pomaliza, sicton yoyala imadulidwa ndipo laser olembedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuti apangitse malonda omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ena. Zofala za Sicon zimaphatikizapo kwambiri zodwala zopukutidwa, zowopsa za epitaxial ndi soi. Polished wafer is a chip production material with high flatness obtained by polishing the silicon wafer to remove the damaged layer on the surface, which can be directly used to make chips, epitaxial wafers and SOI silicon wafers. Omwe a Epitaxial amapezeka ndi kukula kwa matenda a Eritic Ombe ,.
Kudzera mu kufunsa kwa Polysilicon pa semicilict mbali 2021, kuphatikiza ndi kuneneratu kwa bungweli kwa zaka zingapo zikuchitika, kufunikira kwa polysilicon mu gawo la semicilic kochokera ku 2022 mpaka 2025 imatha kuwerengedwa. Mu 2021, kupanga ma polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi kumatha pafupifupi 6% ya kupanga kwa polysilicon, ndi polysilicon ndi granalar ndi granalar. Polysilicon ambiri magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la semiconducy, ndipo polysilicon amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazojambulajambula. . Chifukwa chake, itha kuganiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa polysilicon komwe kagwiritsidwe ntchito mu semiconduckiry mu 2021 ndi matani 37,000. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi kukula kwamtsogolo kwa malonda a Seconducy adaneneratu za m'matanthwe, zomwe zimafunikira kuti mu 2022 mpaka 2025. Akuti akufuna matani 51,500. (Ipotilose Gwero: Kodi Tank Yanthu Yabwino)
3, Polysilicon ikani ndi kutumiza kunja: Kutumiza kunja kupititsa patsogolo, ndi Germany ndi Malaysia kukawerengera kwambiri
Mu 2021, pafupifupi 18.63% ya kufunika kwa polysilicon kudzachokera kunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotuluka kumapitilira kuchuluka kwa malonda kunja. Kuyambira mu 2017 mpaka 2021, kutumiza kwa polysilicon kumayendetsedwa ndi kutumiza, komwe kungakhale chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zithunzi zaposachedwa, ndipo kufunikira kwake kwa maakaunti a polysilicon kwa oposa 94% a zomwe akufuna zoposa 94%. Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo sanathetse ukadaulo wopangidwa-eardicity polysilicon, kotero polysilicon ofunikira ndi opanga madera ophatikizika amafunika kudalirabe ntchito. Malinga ndi ku ofesi ya nthambi ya Sucton, voti ya Induce inayamba kuchepa mu 2019 ndi 2020. Chifukwa chachikulu chakutha kwa polysilicon mu 2018 mpaka matani 45,000. Makampani ogulitsa polysilicon chifukwa chowonongeka, motero kudalira kwa polysilicon kuli kotsika kwambiri; Ngakhale mphamvu zopanga sizinachuluke mu 2020, zomwe zimayambitsa mliri zapangitsa kuti zitheke pomanga zithunzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malamulo a polysilicon atsika munthawi yomweyo. Mu 2021, msika waku China wayamba kukula msanga, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa polysilicon kudzafika pamatani 613,000, kuyendetsa votimeyo kuti ibwerenso. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, intaneti ya China ya China idakhala pakati pa 90,000 ndi matani okwana 140,000, pomwe pafupifupi matani pafupifupi 1000,800 kuti mtundu wa ku China ukhalebe pafupifupi matani 100,000 mpaka 2025.
Kutumiza kwa Polysilicon kumachokera makamaka kuchokera ku Germany, Malaysia, Japan ndi Taiwan, ku China Germany ali ndi wacker wamkulu wa polysilicon wadziko lapansi, yemwe ndi gwero lalikulu kwambiri la Polysilicon, akuwerengera 12.7% ya kuthekera kopitilira 2021; Malaysia ili ndi mizere yayikulu ya kupanga polysilicon kuchokera ku Company ya OCI ya OCIA ya OCA KORI, yomwe imachokera ku mzere woyambira ku Malaysia wa Tokuyama, kampani yaku Japan yomwe idapezeka ndi OCI. Pali mafakitale ndi mafakitale ena omwe OCI adasamukira ku South Korea kupita ku Malaysia. Cholinga cha kusamutsidwa ndichakuti Malaysia amapereka mawonekedwe aulere aulere ndipo mtengo wa magetsi ndi gawo lachitatu lotsika kuposa la South Korea; Japan ndi Taiwan, China ili ndi Tokuyama, pezani mampani ena, omwe amakhala gawo lalikulu la kupanga polysilicon. malo. Mu 2021, zotulutsa za polysilicon zidzakhala matani 492,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithunzithunzi cha zithunzi zatsopano 206,400 ndi matani 1,500 motsatana, ndipo matani 284,100 otsala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzanso ndikugulitsa kunja. Pamitengo yotsika ya polysilicon, ma cicton ofera, maselo ndi ma module amatumizidwa kwenikweni, komwe kutumiza kunja kwa ma moduleyi ndikotchuka kwambiri. Mu 2021, 4.64 biliyoni a liricon ndi ma cell 3.2 biliyoni a Photovoltaic analiKutumizaKuchokera ku China, ndikutumiza konse kwa 22.6gw ndi 10.3gw motero, ndipo kutumiza kwa zithunzi za Photovoltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltaltactaic ndi 98.5gw, ndi zinthu zochepa chabe. Pankhani yochokera ku Exptom Chuma, Kutumiza kunja kwa 2021 kudzafika ku US $ 24.61 biliyoni, kumawerengera 86%, kutsatiridwa ndi mabatire. Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa Silicon padziko lonse lapansi, ma cell a Photovoltaltal, ndi chithunzi cha Photovoltalt ifika 97.3%, 85.1%, ndi 82.3%, motsatana. Zikuyembekezeredwa kuti mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi apitilizabe kuganizira kwambiri za China mkati mwa zaka zitatu zotsatira, ndipo zotulutsa ndi zotulutsa zolumikizira zomwe aliyense ali nazo zimakhala zochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, akuti kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025, kuchuluka kwa polysilicon yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndikutumiza zinthu zakunja ndikutumiza kunja kumawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono. Akuti amasiyanitsa ndi zodula zakunja kwa Eastraas ku polysilicon. Mu 2025, polysilicon yopangidwa ndi kukonza zinthu zotsika kudzatsala pang'ono kutumiza matani 583,000 kupita kumayiko akunja ochokera ku China
4, Chidule ndi malingaliro
Kufunikira kwa Polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi kumakhazikika kwambiri mu chithunzi cha zithunzi, ndipo kufunikira kwa semiconductoct si dongosolo la kukula. Kufunikira kwa Polysilicon kumayendetsedwa ndi kupatsa kwa Photovovoltactac, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumaperekedwa ku polysilicon kudzera mu ulalo wa ma module a Phocvovoltac-cell, omwe amapanga. M'tsogolomu, kukula kwa zithunzi zadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa, kufunikira kwa polysilicon nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chiyembekezo. Mosavuta, China ndi kutsidya lina latsopano lomwe likuwonjezereka kwa PV zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polysilicon mu 2025 idzakhala 36.96gw ndi 73.96gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw ndi 60.49gw. Mu 2021, kupezeka kwa polysilicon yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwongolera, zomwe zimadzetsa mitengo yapadziko lonse yapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zitha kupitilira mpaka 2022, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatembenukira kumapeto kwa 2023. Mu theka lachiwiri la 2020, theka lachiwiri la 202, kutsika kwa theka la 2520, kuwonjezeka kwa porsilicon, ndipo makampani ena otsogolera adalinganiza powonjezera kupanga. Komabe, kufalikira kwa zaka zoposa theka ndi theka kunapangitsa kuti athe kumasulidwa kwa 2021 ndi 2022, zomwe zimachitika mu 2021. Pali kusiyana kwa matani 10,000. Pali mitengo yamitengo yamphamvu kwambiri. Amanenedweratu kuti mu 2022, mothandizidwa ndi chithunzi cha Photovoltaic omwe adayikapo, kupezeka ndi kufunidwa kwa matani -156,500 matani ndi matani 2,400 motsatana. Mu 2023 ndi kupitirira, ntchito zatsopano zomwe zidayamba kupanga kumapeto kwa 2021 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 2022 kudzayamba kupanga. Kuperekera ndi zofuna kumamasulidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mitengo ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Potsatira, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kwa nkhondo yaku Russia-yaku UKin pamndandanda wapadziko lonse lapansi, womwe ungasinthe dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe likuikidwa kumene, chomwe chingakhudze kufunikira kwa polysilicon.
(Nkhaniyi ndi yongonena za makasitomala a Urpeanmines ndipo sayimira upangiri uliwonse)