Ndi kutchuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire atsopano amphamvu monga mabatire a lithiamu manganate, zida zawo zabwino za manganese zakopa chidwi kwambiri. Kutengera ndi zofunikira, dipatimenti yofufuza zamsika ya UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. inafotokozera mwachidule za chitukuko cha makampani a manganese ku China kuti makasitomala athu adziwe.
1. Kupereka kwa manganese: Mapeto a miyala yachitsulo amadalira kuchokera kunja, ndipo mphamvu yopangira zinthu zokonzedwa ndi yokhazikika kwambiri.
1.1 Unyolo wamakampani a Manganese
Zogulitsa za manganese ndizolemera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo, ndipo zimakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pakupanga mabatire. Chitsulo cha Manganese ndi silvery white, hard and brittle. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati deoxidizer, desulfurizer ndi alloying element popanga zitsulo. Silicon-manganese alloy, sing'anga-low carbon ferromanganese ndi high-carbon ferromanganese ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi manganese. Kuphatikiza apo, manganese amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida za ternary cathode ndi zida za lithiamu manganate cathode, zomwe ndi madera ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwakukula kwamtsogolo. Manganese ore amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudzera muzitsulo zachitsulo ndi manganese. 1) Kumtunda: Kukumba migodi ndi kuvala. Mitundu ya manganese ore imaphatikizapo manganese oxide ore, manganese carbonate ore, etc. Zinthu monga manganese dioxide, manganese zitsulo, ferromanganese ndi silicomanganese zimakonzedwa kudzera mu leaching ya sulfuric acid kapena kuchepetsa ng'anjo yamagetsi. 3) kutsika ntchito: Mtsinje ntchito kuphimba kasakaniza wazitsulo zitsulo, cathodes batire, catalysts, mankhwala ndi zina.
1.2 Manganese ore: zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimakhazikika kutsidya lanyanja, ndipo China imadalira kuchokera kunja
Mwala wa manganese wapadziko lonse wakhazikika ku South Africa, China, Australia ndi Brazil, ndipo nkhokwe za manganese za ku China zimakhala zachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zida za manganese padziko lonse lapansi ndizochuluka, koma zimagawidwa mosagwirizana. Malinga ndi Wind data, kuyambira Disembala 2022, nkhokwe zotsimikizika za manganese padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani 1.7 biliyoni, 37.6% omwe ali ku South Africa, 15.9% ku Brazil, 15.9% ku Australia, ndi 8.2% ku Ukraine. Mu 2022, nkhokwe za manganese ku China zidzakhala matani 280 miliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 16.5% yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nkhokwe zake zidzakhala zachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Magulu azinthu zamtundu wa manganese padziko lonse lapansi amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zida zapamwamba zimakhazikika kutsidya lina. Mafuta olemera a manganese (omwe ali ndi manganese oposa 30%) amakhazikika ku South Africa, Gabon, Australia ndi Brazil. Gawo la manganese ore lili pakati pa 40-50%, ndipo nkhokwezo zimapitilira 70% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi. China ndi Ukraine makamaka amadalira chuma cha manganese ore otsika kwambiri. Makamaka, manganese amakhala osakwana 30%, ndipo amafunika kukonzedwa asanagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Opanga manganese ore padziko lonse lapansi ndi South Africa, Gabon ndi Australia, pomwe China ndi 6%. Malinga ndi mphepo, kupanga manganese ore padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022 kudzakhala matani 20 miliyoni, kutsika kwapachaka ndi 0.5%, ndi kunja kwa nyanja kupitilira 90%. Mwa iwo, kutulutsa kwa South Africa, Gabon ndi Australia ndi 7.2 miliyoni, 4.6 miliyoni ndi matani 3.3 miliyoni motsatana. Kutulutsa kwa manganese ore ku China ndi matani 990,000. Zimangotengera 5% yokha yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kugawidwa kwa manganese ore ku China ndikosiyana, makamaka ku Guangxi, Guizhou ndi malo ena. Malinga ndi "Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), miyala ya manganese yaku China imakhala ndi miyala ya manganese carbonate, yokhala ndi miyala yaing'ono ya manganese oxide ndi mitundu ina ya ore. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe, nkhokwe zaku China za manganese ore mu 2022 ndi matani 280 miliyoni. Dera lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zambiri za manganese ore ndi Guangxi, lomwe lili ndi matani 120 miliyoni, omwe ndi 43% ya nkhokwe za dzikolo; kutsatiridwa ndi Guizhou, yokhala ndi matani 50 miliyoni, omwe amawerengera 43% ya nkhokwe za dzikolo. 18%.
Madipoziti a manganese aku China ndi ochepa komanso otsika. Ku China kuli migodi ikuluikulu yochepa ya manganese, ndipo yambiri ndi migodi yowonda. Malinga ndi "Research on China's Manganese Ore Resources and Industrial Chain Security Issues" (Ren Hui et al.), pafupifupi giredi ya manganese ore ku China ndi pafupifupi 22%, yomwe ndi yotsika. Palibe pafupifupi ore olemera a manganese omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ore otsika kwambiri amafunikira Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pakuwongolera kalasiyo kudzera pakukonza mchere.
Kudalira kwa manganese ore ku China kuli pafupifupi 95%. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa miyala ya manganese ya ku China, zonyansa zambiri, kukwera mtengo kwa migodi, komanso chitetezo chokhwima ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe m'makampani amigodi, ku China kwakhala kukucheperachepera chaka ndi chaka. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa US Geological Survey, kupanga manganese ore ku China kwatsika m'zaka 10 zapitazi. Kupanga kunatsika kwambiri kuchokera ku 2016 mpaka 2018 ndi 2021. Zomwe zikuchitika pachaka zimakhala pafupifupi matani 1 miliyoni. China imadalira kwambiri manganese ore kuchokera kunja, ndipo kudalira kwake kunja kwakhala pamwamba pa 95% m'zaka zisanu zapitazi. Malinga ndi Wind data, kutulutsa kwa manganese ore ku China kudzakhala matani 990,000 mu 2022, pomwe zotuluka kunja zidzafika matani 29.89 miliyoni, kudalira kunja komwe kudzafika 96.8%.
1.3 Electrolytic manganese: China imapanga 98% yapadziko lonse lapansi kupanga ndi mphamvu zopanga zimakhazikika
Kupanga kwa electrolytic manganese ku China kumakhazikika m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumadzulo. China electrolytic manganese kupanga makamaka anaikira Ningxia, Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou, mlandu 31%, 21%, 20% ndi 12% motero. Malinga ndi Makampani a Zitsulo, kupanga manganese a electrolytic ku China kumapanga 98% ya manganese a electrolytic padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndiwotulutsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa electrolytic manganese.
Makampani aku China a electrolytic manganese adakulitsa mphamvu zopanga, ndipo Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Viwanda amatha kupanga 33% yazinthu zonse mdzikolo. Malinga ndi a Baichuan Yingfu, kuyambira Juni 2023, mphamvu yaku China yopanga manganese ya electrolytic idakwana matani 2.455 miliyoni. makampani khumi pamwamba Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Makampani, Southern Manganese Gulu, Tianxiong Technology, etc., ndi mphamvu okwana kupanga matani miliyoni 1.71, mlandu dziko okwana kupanga mphamvu 70%. Mwa iwo, Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Makampani ali ndi mphamvu yopanga pachaka ya matani 800,000, omwe amawerengera 33% ya mphamvu zonse zopanga dziko.
Kukhudzidwa ndi mfundo zamakampani komanso kuchepa kwa magetsi,electrolytic manganesekupanga kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa cholinga cha China "double carbon", ndondomeko zoteteza zachilengedwe zakhala zovuta kwambiri, kukwera kwa mafakitale kwakwera kwambiri, mphamvu zobwerera m'mbuyo zatha, mphamvu zatsopano zopangira zida zakhala zikuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndi zinthu monga mphamvu. zoletsa m'madera ena zili ndi zopanga zochepa, zotuluka mu 2021 zatsika. Mu Julayi 2022, Komiti Yapadera ya Manganese ya China Ferroalloy Industry Association idapereka lingaliro lochepetsa ndikuchepetsa kupanga ndi kupitilira 60%. Mu 2022, kutulutsa kwa electrolytic manganese ku China kudatsika mpaka matani 852,000 (yoy-34.7%). Mu Okutobala 22, komiti ya Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Working Committee ya China Mining Association idapereka lingaliro loyimitsa zopanga zonse mu Januware 2023 ndi 50% yazopanga kuyambira February mpaka Disembala. Mu Novembala 22, Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Working Committee ya China Mining Association idalimbikitsa kuti mabizinesi Tipitiliza kuyimitsa kupanga ndikukweza, ndikukonzekera kupanga 60% ya mphamvu zopanga. Tikuyembekeza kuti kutulutsa kwa electrolytic manganese sikudzakwera kwambiri mu 2023.
Mlingo wogwirira ntchito udakali pafupifupi 50%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kudzasinthasintha kwambiri mu 2022. Pokhudzidwa ndi dongosolo la mgwirizano mu 2022, kuchuluka kwamakampani opanga ma electrolytic manganese aku China kudzasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo avareji yogwira ntchito mchaka imakhala 33.5%. . Kuyimitsidwa ndi kukweza kupanga kunachitika m'gawo loyamba la 2022, ndipo mitengo yogwira ntchito mu February ndi Marichi inali 7% ndi 10.5% yokha. Mgwirizanowu utatha msonkhano kumapeto kwa Julayi, mafakitale mumgwirizanowo adachepetsa kapena kuyimitsa kupanga, ndipo mitengo yogwira ntchito mu Ogasiti, Seputembala ndi Okutobala inali yosakwana 30%.
1.4 Manganese dioxide: Motsogozedwa ndi lithiamu manganeti, kukula kwapangidwe kumafulumira ndipo mphamvu yopanga imakhazikika.
Motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa zida za lithiamu manganate, zaku Chinaelectrolytic manganese dioxidekupanga kwawonjezeka kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa zida za lithiamu manganate, kufunikira kwa lithiamu manganese electrolytic manganese dioxide kwakula kwambiri, ndipo kupanga kwa China kwakula. Malinga ndi "Kuwunika Mwachidule kwa Global Manganese Ore ndi China's Manganese Product Production mu 2020" (Qin Deliang), China yopanga electrolytic manganese dioxide mu 2020 inali matani 351,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 14.3%. Mu 2022, makampani ena adzayimitsa kupanga kuti akonze, ndipo kutulutsa kwa electrolytic manganese dioxide kudzatsika. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, kutulutsa kwa electrolytic manganese dioxide ku China mu 2022 kudzakhala matani 268,000.
Mphamvu yaku China ya electrolytic manganese dioxide imakhazikika ku Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou. China ndi dziko limene limapanga electrolytic manganese dioxide. Malinga ndi Huajing Industrial Research Institute, China cha electrolytic manganese dioxide kupanga chinapanga pafupifupi 73% ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018. China electrolytic manganese dioxide kupanga makamaka anaikira Guangxi, Hunan ndi Guizhou, ndi Guangxi kupanga mlandu pa gawo lalikulu. Malinga ndi Huajing Industrial Research Institute, kupanga kwa Guangxi electrolytic manganese dioxide kudapanga 74.4% yazopanga dziko lonse mu 2020.
1.5 Manganese sulphate: kupindula ndi kuchuluka kwa batire komanso mphamvu yokhazikika yopanga
Kupanga kwa manganese sulphate ku China kumatenga pafupifupi 66% ya zinthu zonse padziko lapansi, ndipo mphamvu yopangira imakhazikika ku Guangxi. Malinga ndi QYResearch, China ndiyemwe amapanga komanso ogula manganese sulfate padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2021, kupanga manganese sulphate ku China kudatenga pafupifupi 66% ya dziko lonse lapansi; Chiwerengero cha manganese sulphate padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chinagulitsidwa mu 2021 chinali pafupifupi matani 550,000, pomwe manganese sulphate a batri anali pafupifupi 41%. Kugulitsa konse kwa manganese sulphate padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 1.54 miliyoni mu 2027, pomwe manganese sulphate amtundu wa batri amakhala pafupifupi 73%. Malinga ndi "Kuwunika Mwachidule kwa Global Manganese Ore ndi China's Manganese Product Production mu 2020" (Qin Deliang), China kupanga manganese sulfate mu 2020 kunali matani 479,000, makamaka ku Guangxi, kuwerengera 31.7%.
Malinga Baichuan Yingfu, China mkulu-chiyero manganese sulphate mphamvu kupanga pachaka adzakhala matani 500,000 mu 2022. Mphamvu kupanga anaikira, CR3 ndi 60%, ndipo linanena bungwe ndi 278,000 matani. Zikuyembekezeka kuti mphamvu yatsopano yopanga idzakhala matani 310,000 (Tianyuan Manganese Viwanda matani 300,000 + Nanhai Chemical matani 10,000).
2. Kufunika kwa manganese: Njira yopangira mafakitale ikupita patsogolo, ndipo zopereka za cathode zopangidwa ndi manganese zikuwonjezeka.
2.1 Kufuna kwachikhalidwe: 90% ndi chitsulo, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukhala chokhazikika
Makampani opanga zitsulo amapanga 90% ya kufunikira kwa kutsika kwa miyala ya manganese, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion kukukulirakulira. Malinga ndi "IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)", miyala ya manganese imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azitsulo, opitilira 90% ya miyala ya manganese imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aloyi ya silicon-manganese ndi ferroalloy ya manganese, ndi miyala yotsalira ya manganese. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu electrolytic manganese dioxide ndi manganese sulphate kupanga zinthu zina. Malingana ndi Baichuan Yingfu, mafakitale otsika a manganese ore ndi manganese alloys, electrolytic manganese, ndi manganese compounds. Pakati pawo, 60% -80% ya manganese ores amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manganese alloys (achitsulo ndi kuponyera, etc.), ndipo 20% ya manganese ores amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Electrolytic manganese (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ma aloyi, ndi zina), 5-10% imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala a manganese (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za ternary, maginito, etc.)
Manganese a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Kufuna kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 20.66 miliyoni mzaka 25. Malinga ndi International Manganese Association, manganese amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha sulfurizer ndi alloy mu mawonekedwe a high-carbon, medium-carbon or low-carbon iron-manganese ndi silicon-manganese popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ikhoza kuteteza makutidwe ndi okosijeni kwambiri panthawi yoyenga ndikupewa kusweka ndi kuphulika. Imawonjezera mphamvu, kulimba, kulimba ndi mawonekedwe achitsulo. Manganese omwe ali muchitsulo chapadera ndi apamwamba kuposa a carbon steel. Padziko lonse lapansi manganese omwe ali ndi chitsulo chosapangana akuyembekezeka kukhala 1.1%. Kuyambira 2021, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena azigwira ntchito yochepetsa kupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo apitiliza kugwira ntchito yochepetsa kupanga zitsulo mu 2022, ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kuchokera mu 2020 mpaka 2022, kupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kutsika kuchoka pa matani biliyoni 1.065 kufika pa matani biliyoni 1.013. Zikuyembekezeka kuti m'tsogolomu China ndi zitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi sizisintha.
2.2 Kufuna kwa Battery: Kuthandizira kowonjezereka kwa zida za cathode zochokera ku manganese
Mabatire a lithiamu manganese oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wa digito, msika wawung'ono wamagetsi komanso msika wamagalimoto onyamula anthu. Amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso otsika mtengo, koma amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso amayendetsa bwino. Malinga ndi Xinchen Information, katundu wa lithiamu manganate cathode cathode ku China kuchokera ku 2019 mpaka 2021 anali matani 7.5 / 9.1 / 102,000 motsatira, ndi matani 66,000 mu 2022. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma ku China mu 2022 ndi kukwera mtengo kwamtengo wapatali. zinthu za lithiamu carbonate. Kukwera kwamitengo ndi kuchepekera kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito.
Manganese a lithiamu batire cathodes: Kufunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 229,000 mu 2025, ofanana ndi matani 216,000 a manganese dioxide ndi matani 284,000 a manganese sulfate. Manganese omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu za cathode pamabatire a lithiamu amagawika kwambiri kukhala manganese pamabatire a ternary ndi manganese pamabatire a lithiamu manganate. Ndi kukula kwa mabatire amphamvu ternary mtsogolomo, tikuyerekeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito manganese padziko lonse lapansi pamabatire amagetsi amphamvu kudzakwera kuchoka pa 61,000 kufika pa 61,000 mu 22-25. matani anawonjezeka kufika matani 92,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese sulfate kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku matani 186,000 kufika ku matani 284,000 (gwero la manganese la cathode la batire la ternary ndi manganese sulfate); motsogozedwa ndi kukula kwa kufunikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi awiri, malinga ndi Xinchen Information ndi Boshi Malinga ndi kafukufuku wapamwamba kwambiri, kutumiza kwa lithiamu manganate cathode padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kukhala matani 224,000 m'zaka 25, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manganese matani 136,000, ndi kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese dioxide kwa matani 216,000 (gwero la manganese la lithiamu manganate cathode ndi manganese dioxide).
Magwero a manganese ali ndi ubwino wa chuma cholemera, mitengo yotsika, ndi mawindo okwera kwambiri a manganese. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo komanso njira zake zamafakitale zikuchulukirachulukira, mafakitale a batri monga Tesla, BYD, CATL, ndi Guoxuan High-tech ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida za cathode zochokera ku manganese. Kupanga.
Njira yopanga mafakitale ya lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ikuyembekezeka kufulumizitsa. 1) Kuphatikiza ubwino wa lithiamu iron phosphate ndi mabatire a ternary, imakhala ndi chitetezo komanso mphamvu zambiri. Malinga ndi Shanghai Nonferrous Network, lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ndi mtundu wosinthidwa wa lithiamu iron phosphate. Kuwonjezera chinthu cha manganese kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya batri. Mphamvu zake zongoyerekeza ndi 15% kuposa za lithiamu iron phosphate, ndipo zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwazinthu. Toni imodzi ya iron manganese phosphate Zomwe zili mu lithiamu manganese ndi 13%. 2) Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo: Chifukwa chowonjezera cha manganese, mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate ali ndi mavuto monga kusakhazikika bwino komanso moyo wocheperako, womwe ukhoza kusinthidwa kudzera mu nanotechnology, kapangidwe ka morphology, doping ya ion ndi zokutira pamwamba. 3) Kuthamanga kwa mafakitale: Makampani a batri monga CATL, China Innovation Aviation, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Sunwoda, etc. onse apanga mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate; makampani cathode monga Defang Nano, Rongbai Technology, Dangsheng Technology, etc. Mapangidwe a lithiamu chitsulo manganese mankwala cathode zipangizo; galimoto kampani Niu GOVAF0 mndandanda magalimoto magetsi okonzeka ndi lithiamu chitsulo manganese mankwala mabatire, NIO wayamba ang'onoang'ono kupanga lifiyamu chitsulo manganese mankwala mabatire mu Hefei, ndi BYD a Fudi Battery wayamba kugula lithiamu chitsulo manganese phosphate Zida: Tesla zoweta Model 3 facelift amagwiritsa ntchito batri yatsopano ya CATL ya M3P ya lithiamu iron phosphate.
Manganese a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode: Poganizira zandale komanso zachiyembekezo, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode ikuyembekezeka kukhala matani 268,000/358,000 m'zaka 25, ndipo kufunikira kofanana ndi manganese ndi matani 35,000/47,000.
Malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa Gaogong Lithium Battery, pofika 2025, kuchuluka kwa msika wa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathode cathode kupitilira 15% poyerekeza ndi zida za lithiamu iron phosphate. Choncho, kutengera ndale ndi chiyembekezo zinthu, mitengo malowedwe a lithiamu chitsulo manganese mankwala mu zaka 23-25 motero 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%. Msika wamagalimoto a mawilo awiri: Tikuyembekeza mabatire a lithiamu iron manganese phosphate kuti apititse patsogolo kulowa pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi aku China. Mayiko akunja sangaganizidwe chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwamitengo komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pansi pazandale komanso zachiyembekezo m'zaka 25, lithiamu iron manganese phosphate idzafunika Kufunika kwa ma cathode ndi matani 1.1/15,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa manganese ndi matani 0.1/0.2 miliyoni. Msika wamagalimoto amagetsi: Poganiza kuti lithiamu iron manganese phosphate imalowa m'malo mwa lithiamu iron phosphate ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mabatire a ternary (malinga ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zokhudzana ndi Rongbai Technology, timaganiza kuti chiŵerengero cha doping ndi 10%), chikuyembekezeka kuti ndale komanso M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kufunikira kwa lithiamu iron manganese phosphate cathodes ndi matani 257,000/343,000, ndipo kufunikira kofanana ndi manganese ndi matani 33,000/45,000.
Pakali pano, mitengo ya manganese ore, manganese sulfate, ndi electrolytic manganese ili pamlingo wochepa kwambiri m'mbiri, ndipo mtengo wa manganese dioxide uli pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri. Mu 2021, chifukwa cha kuwongolera kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ziwiri komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu, bungweli lidayimitsa ntchito limodzi, kutulutsa kwa electrolytic manganese kwatsika, ndipo mitengo yakwera kwambiri, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti mitengo ya manganese ore, manganese sulfate, ndi electrolytic manganese ikwere. Pambuyo pa 2022, kufunikira kwakutsika kwatsika, ndipo mtengo wa electrolytic manganese watsika, pomwe mtengo wa electrolytic manganese dioxide watsika. Kwa manganese, sulphate ya manganese, ndi zina zotero, chifukwa cha kupitirizabe kukula kwa mabatire a lithiamu kumunsi kwa mtsinje, kuwongolera mtengo sikofunikira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kutsika kwa mtsinje kumafunika makamaka manganese sulfate ndi manganese dioxide m'mabatire. Kupindula ndi kuchuluka kwa zida za cathode zochokera ku manganese, malo amitengo akuyembekezeka kukwera m'mwamba.