Lamulo la State Council of the People's Republic of China
No. 785
"Malamulo Oyang'anira Dziko Lapansi" adalandiridwa pa Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 31 wa State Council pa Epulo 26, 2024, ndipo adalengezedwa ndipo ayamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 1, 2024.
Prime Minister Li Qiang
Juni 22, 2024
Rare Earth Management Regulations
Ndime 1Malamulowa amapangidwa ndi malamulo oyenerera kuti ateteze bwino ndikukhazikitsa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani osowa padziko lapansi, kusunga chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chazinthu zadziko komanso chitetezo chamakampani.
Ndime 2Malamulowa adzagwira ntchito ngati migodi, kusungunula, ndi kulekanitsa, kusungunula zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, kufalitsa katundu, ndi kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa nthaka yosowa m'dera la People's Republic of China.
Ndime 3Ntchito yoyang'anira dziko lapansi yosowa idzakhazikitsa mizere, mfundo, mfundo, mfundo, zisankho, ndi makonzedwe a Chipani ndi Boma, kutsatira mfundo yopereka kufunikira kofanana pakuteteza chuma ndikuzipanga ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndikutsata mfundo zakukonzekera kwathunthu, kuwonetsetsa. chitetezo, luso la sayansi ndi zamakono, ndi chitukuko chobiriwira.
Ndime 4Zosowa zapadziko lapansi ndi za Boma; palibe bungwe kapena munthu aliyense amene angawononge kapena kuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe.
Boma limalimbitsa chitetezo chazinthu zosowa padziko lapansi mwalamulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito migodi yoteteza yazinthu zosowa padziko lapansi.
Ndime 5Boma likugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yogwirizana yopititsa patsogolo msika wa rare earth. Dipatimenti yoyenerera ya Makampani ndi Zamakono Zamakono a State Council, pamodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenerera a State Council, adzakonza ndikukonzekera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yachitukuko cha makampani osowa padziko lapansi mwalamulo.
Ndime 6Boma limalimbikitsa ndikuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano, njira zatsopano, zinthu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano, ndi zipangizo zatsopano m'makampani osowa padziko lapansi, mosalekeza kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chuma chosowa padziko lapansi, ndikulimbikitsana kwambiri. -mapeto, chitukuko chanzeru komanso chobiriwira chamakampani osowa padziko lapansi.
Ndime 7Dipatimenti ya State Council's Industrial and Information Technology imayang'anira kayendetsedwe ka makampani osowa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo maphunziro akupanga ndikukonzekera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi njira zoyendetsera makampani osowa padziko lapansi. Dipatimenti ya State Council ya zachilengedwe ndi madipatimenti ena oyenerera ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka nthaka m'maudindo awo.
Maboma am'deralo kudera kapena kupitilira mulingo wa zigawo ali ndi udindo woyang'anira za rare earth m'magawo awo. Madipatimenti oyenerera a maboma a anthu kudera kapena kupitilira mulingo wa zigawo, monga mafakitale ndi umisiri wodziwa zambiri ndi zachilengedwe, aziyang'anira zinthu za rare Earth ndiudindo wawo.
Ndime 8Dipatimenti ya Industrial and Information Technology ya Council of State, pamodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenerera a State Council, idzakhazikitsa mabizinesi osowa migodi ndi mabizinesi osowa kusungunuka ndi kulekanitsa nthaka ndikulengeza kwa anthu.
Kupatula mabizinesi omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi ndime yoyamba ya Ndimeyi, mabungwe ena ndi anthu pawokha sangachite nawo migodi yosowa kwambiri komanso kusungunula ndi kupatukana kwa nthaka.
Ndime 9Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono apeza ufulu wa migodi ndi zilolezo za migodi potsata malamulo oyendetsera migodi, malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, ndi malamulo oyenera adziko.
Kuyika ndalama m'mapulojekiti osowa migodi, kusungunula, ndi kulekanitsa kuyenera kutsata malamulo, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ndalama.
Ndime 10Boma limagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa migodi yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kusungunula ndi kupatukana kwa nthaka, ndikuwongolera kasamalidwe kosinthika, kutengera zinthu monga nkhokwe zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizikupezeka komanso kusiyana kwa mitundu, chitukuko cha mafakitale, kuteteza zachilengedwe, komanso kufunikira kwa msika. Miyezo yeniyeni idzapangidwa ndi dipatimenti yaukadaulo yaukadaulo ya State Council molumikizana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za Council of State, dipatimenti yachitukuko ndi kusintha, ndi madipatimenti ena.
Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono a migodi ndi mabungwe osungunula ndi kulekanitsa nthaka akuyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo oyendetsera dziko lonse la kasamalidwe ka ndalama.
Ndime 11Boma limalimbikitsa ndikuthandizira mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira zida zachiwiri zapadziko lapansi.
Mabizinesi osowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi saloledwa kuchita zinthu zopanga pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wosowa padziko lapansi ngati zida zopangira.
Ndime 12Mabizinesi omwe amagwira ntchito mumigodi, kusungunula ndi kupatukana, kusungunula zitsulo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira azitsatira malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi mchere, kusungitsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, kupanga ukhondo, chitetezo chopanga, chitetezo chamoto, ndikukhala pachiwopsezo chachilengedwe. kupewa, kuteteza zachilengedwe, kupewa kuipitsidwa, ndi kuwongolera ndi chitetezo njira zopewera kuwononga chilengedwe komanso ngozi zopanga chitetezo.
Ndime 13Palibe bungwe kapena munthu amene angagule, kukonza, kugulitsa, kapena kutumiza kunja zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zakumbidwa mosaloledwa kapena kusungunuka ndikuzilekanitsa mosaloledwa.
Ndime 14Dipatimenti ya mafakitale ndi zidziwitso zaukadaulo ku State Council, pamodzi ndi zachilengedwe, zamalonda, miyambo, misonkho, ndi madipatimenti ena a State Council, akhazikitse dongosolo lazidziwitso lazosowa padziko lonse lapansi, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. ndondomeko yonse, ndikulimbikitsa kugawana deta pakati pa madipatimenti oyenera.
Mabizinesi omwe akuchita migodi yapadziko lapansi, kusungunula ndi kupatukana, kusungunula zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi, adzakhazikitsa dongosolo lodziwika bwino lazotulutsa zapadziko lapansi, kulemba moona zambiri zazinthu zapadziko lapansi, ndikulowa mudziko losowa. Dongosolo lazidziwitso zamtundu wazinthu.
Ndime 15Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi ndi matekinoloje ogwirizana nawo, njira, ndi zida ziyenera kutsata malamulo oyenera ndi malamulo oyendetsera malonda akunja ndi kasamalidwe ka kunja ndi kutumiza kunja. Pazinthu zolamulidwa ndi kutumiza kunja, azitsatiranso malamulo oyendetsera katundu ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito.
Ndime 16Boma likonza njira zosungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe pophatikiza nkhokwe zopezeka m'ma mineral deposits.
Zosungirako zachilengedwe za rare earth zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza nkhokwe zaboma ndi malo osungira mabizinesi, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa zosungirako zimakonzedwa mosalekeza. Miyezo yeniyeni idzapangidwa ndi Development and Reform Commission ndi Finance Department of the State Council pamodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenerera amakampani ndiukadaulo wazidziwitso, ndi nthambi zosungira mbewu ndi zinthu.
Dipatimenti ya zachilengedwe ya State Council, pamodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenerera a State Council, idzasankha nkhokwe zosowa zapadziko lapansi potengera kufunika kowonetsetsa chitetezo cha zinthu zachilengedwe, poganizira zinthu monga nkhokwe, kugawa, ndi kufunikira. , ndi kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira ndi chitetezo ndi lamulo. Njira zenizeni zidzapangidwa ndi dipatimenti ya zachilengedwe ya State Council pamodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenerera a State Council.
Ndime 17Mabungwe amakampani osowa padziko lapansi adzakhazikitsa ndi kukonza mayendedwe amakampani, kulimbikitsa kudziletsa kwamakampani, kuwongolera mabizinesi kuti azitsatira malamulo ndikugwira ntchito mwachilungamo, ndikulimbikitsa mpikisano wachilungamo.
Ndime 18Madipatimenti odziwa zaukadaulo wamafakitale ndi zidziwitso ndi ma dipatimenti ena oyenerera (omwe amatchedwa kuti oyang'anira ndi oyang'anira) aziyang'anira ndikuwunika migodi, kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa, kusungunula zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, kufalikira kwazinthu, kutulutsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa dziko losowa. malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzidwa ndi zomwe zili mu Malamulowa ndi kugawa maudindo, ndikuthana ndi zophwanya malamulo nthawi yomweyo ndi lamulo.
Maofesi oyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira adzakhala ndi ufulu wochita izi poyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira:
(1) Kupempha gawo loyang'aniridwa kuti lipereke zolemba ndi zida zoyenera;
(2) Kufunsa gulu loyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ndikuwafuna kuti afotokoze zochitika zokhudzana ndi nkhani zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa;
(3) Kulowa m'malo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi ophwanya malamulo kuti afufuze ndikusonkhanitsa umboni;
(iv) Kulanda zinthu zapadziko lapansi, zida, ndi zida zosagwirizana ndi zinthu zosaloledwa ndi boma ndikusindikiza malo omwe akuchitika;
(5) Njira zina zotsatiridwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito.
Magawo omwe amawunikiridwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kugwirizana, kupereka zikalata zoyenera ndi zida moona, ndipo sadzakana kapena kulepheretsa.
Ndime 19Pamene dipatimenti yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ikuchita kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira, sipadzakhala osachepera awiri oyang'anira ndi oyang'anira, ndipo adzatulutsa ziphaso zovomerezeka zoyendetsera malamulo.
Ogwira ntchito m'madipatimenti oyang'anira ndi oyang'anira ayenera kusunga zinsinsi za boma, zinsinsi zazamalonda, ndi chidziwitso chaumwini chomwe aphunzira poyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira.
Ndime 20Aliyense amene aphwanya malamulowa ndikuchita zotsatirazi adzalangidwa ndi dipatimenti yoyenerera ya Zachilengedwe ndi lamulo:
(1) Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amigodi amakumba chuma chachilendo popanda kupeza chilolezo cha migodi kapena chiphaso cha migodi, kapena migodi yomwe ili yosowa kwambiri kupitilira malo amigodi omwe adalembetsedwa kuti ali ndi ufulu wamigodi;
(2) Mabungwe ndi anthu ena kupatula mabizinesi osowa migodi amachita nawo migodi yosowa.
Ndime 21Kumene mabizinesi osowa migodi ndi mabizinesi osowa kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa nthaka akuchita migodi, kusungunula, ndi kulekanitsa mosagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe ka voliyumu, ma dipatimenti oyenerera a zachilengedwe ndi mafakitale ndiukadaulo wazidziwitso, malinga ndi udindo wawo. , kuwalamula kuti akonze zinthu, kulanda zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zapezeka mopanda lamulo ndi zopindula zosaloledwa, ndi kuwalipiritsa chindapusa chosachepera kasanu koma zosaposa kuchulukitsa kakhumi kuposa zomwe apeza mosaloledwa; ngati palibe phindu losaloledwa kapena zopindula zosaloledwa ndi zochepera pa RMB 500,000, chindapusa chosachepera RMB 1 miliyoni koma osapitilira RMB 5 miliyoni chidzaperekedwa; pamene zinthu zili zovuta, adzalamulidwa kuyimitsa kupanga ndi ntchito zamalonda, ndipo munthu wamkulu woyang'anira, woyang'anira mwachindunji ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi udindo adzalangidwa ndi lamulo.
Ndime 22Kuphwanya kulikonse kwa zomwe zili m'malamulowa omwe achita chilichonse mwazinthu zotsatirazi adzalamulidwa ndi dipatimenti yodziwa bwino zaukadaulo ndiukadaulo kuti asiye kuchita zinthu zosaloledwa, kulanda zinthu zomwe zapangidwa mosaloledwa ndi zinthu zosaloledwa, komanso zida ndi zida. zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pochita zinthu zosaloledwa ndi lamulo, ndikulamula chindapusa chosachepera kasanu koma osapitilira kakhumi kuposa ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa mosaloledwa; ngati palibe ndalama zotuluka mwalamulo kapena ndalama zosaloledwa ndi boma zili zosakwana RMB 500,000, chindapusa chosachepera RMB 2 miliyoni koma chosaposa RMB 5 miliyoni chidzaperekedwa; ngati zinthu zili zovuta, dipatimenti yoyang'anira msika ndi kasamalidwe idzalanda chilolezo chabizinesi:
(1) Mabungwe kapena anthu ena kupatula mabizinesi osungunula ndi olekanitsa adziko lapansi amachita nawo ntchito yosungunula ndi kulekanitsa;
(2) Mabizinesi osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito mchere wosowa ngati zida zopangira.
Ndime 23Aliyense amene aphwanya zomwe zili mu Malamulowa pogula, kukonza, kapena kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zakumbidwa mosaloledwa kapena zosungunulidwa mosaloledwa ndi kuzilekanitsa zachilendo, adzalamulidwa ndi dipatimenti yodziwa zaukadaulo wamakampani ndi zidziwitso limodzi ndi madipatimenti oyenera kuti aletse khalidwe losaloledwa, kulanda zomwe zagulidwa mosaloledwa. , kukonzedwa kapena kugulitsa zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe ndi zachilendo komanso zopindula zosaloledwa ndi zida ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pochita zinthu zosaloledwa, ndikulipira chindapusa chosachepera ka 5 koma osapitilira ka 10 kupindula kosaloledwa; ngati palibe phindu losaloledwa kapena phindu losaloledwa ndi yuan 500,000, chindapusa chosachepera 500,000 yuan koma osapitilira 2 miliyoni yuan chidzaperekedwa; ngati zinthu zili zovuta, dipatimenti yoyang'anira msika ndi kasamalidwe idzalanda chilolezo chabizinesi.
Ndime 24Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi ndi matekinoloje ofananirako, njira, ndi zida zomwe zikuphwanya malamulo ofunikira, malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, ndi zomwe zili m'malamulowa azilangidwa ndi dipatimenti yodziwa zamalonda, kadaulo, ndi madipatimenti ena oyenerera ndi ntchito zawo ndi mwa lamulo.
Ndime 25:Ngati bizinesi yomwe ikuchita migodi yachilendo, kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa, kusungunula zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi kulephera kulemba moona za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi ndikulowa mu dongosolo lazidziwitso lazosowa padziko lapansi. ndi dipatimenti yaukadaulo wazidziwitso, ndi madipatimenti ena oyenerera adzayilamula kuti ikonze vutoli pogawa maudindo awo ndikulipira chindapusa chosachepera RMB 50,000 yuan koma osapitilira RMB 200,000 yuan pakampaniyo; ngati ikana kukonza vutoli, idzalamulidwa kuyimitsa kupanga ndi bizinesi, ndipo munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi udindo, woyang'anira mwachindunji ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi udindo ayenera kulipira ndalama zosachepera RMB 20,000 yuan koma zosapitirira RMB 50,000 yuan. , ndipo kampaniyo idzalipitsidwa ndalama zosachepera RMB 200,000 yuan koma zosaposa RMB 1 miliyoni.
Ndime 26Aliyense amene akana kapena kulepheretsa dipatimenti yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kuti isagwire ntchito zake zoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira mwalamulo adzalamulidwa ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kuti akonze, ndi mkulu woyang'anira, woyang'anira mwachindunji, ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi udindo. adzapatsidwa chenjezo, ndipo kampaniyo idzalipitsidwa chindapusa chosachepera RMB 20,000 yuan koma osapitilira RMB 100,000 yuan; ngati kampaniyo ikana kukonza, idzalamulidwa kuyimitsa kupanga ndi bizinesi, ndipo munthu wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira, woyang'anira mwachindunji ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi udindo adzapatsidwa chindapusa chosachepera RMB 20,000 yuan koma osapitilira RMB 50,000 yuan. , ndipo bizinesiyo idzalipitsidwa ndalama zosachepera RMB 100,000 yuan koma zosaposa RMB 500,000 yuan.
Ndime 27:Mabizinesi omwe akuchita migodi yapadziko lapansi, kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa, kusungunula zitsulo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zomwe zimaphwanya malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi kasungidwe kamagetsi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, kupanga ukhondo, chitetezo cha kupanga, ndi kuteteza moto adzalangidwa ndi madipatimenti oyenera ndi ntchito ndi malamulo awo. .
Makhalidwe osaloledwa ndi osakhazikika a mabizinesi omwe akuchita migodi, kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa, kusungunula zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira, ndi kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi, zidzalembedwa m'kaundula wangongole ndi madipatimenti oyenera ndi lamulo ndikuphatikizidwa m'dziko loyenerera. ndondomeko ya chidziwitso cha ngongole.
Ndime 28Wogwira ntchito m'dipatimenti yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu zake, kunyalanyaza ntchito yake, kapena kuchita zinthu zosayenera kuti apindule poyang'anira zinthu zachilengedwe adzalangidwa motsatira malamulo.
Ndime 29Aliyense amene aphwanya zomwe zili mu Lamuloli ndikuphwanya kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha anthu adzapatsidwa chilango chokhudza chitetezo cha anthu ndi lamulo; ngati uli mlandu, mlandu udzatsatiridwa ndi lamulo.
Ndime 30Mawu otsatirawa mu Malamulowa ali ndi matanthauzo awa:
Dziko lapansi losawerengeka limatanthawuza mawu ambiri a zinthu monga lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, ndi yttrium.
Kusungunula ndi kulekanitsa kumatanthauza kapangidwe kamene kamapanga mchere wosowa padziko lapansi kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma oxides, mchere, ndi zina.
Kusungunula zitsulo kumatanthauza kupanga kupanga zitsulo zosawerengeka kapena zosakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito ma oxides, mchere, ndi zinthu zina monga zopangira.
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zapakatikati zimatanthawuza zinyalala zolimba zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa kuti zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi zomwe zili nazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwatsopano, kuphatikiza, koma osangokhala ndi zinyalala zanthawi zonse za maginito zapadziko lapansi, zinyalala za maginito osatha, ndi zinyalala zina zomwe zimakhala ndi dziko losowa.
Zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimasowa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mchere wapadziko lapansi wosowa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapadziko lapansi, zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi ndi ma aloyi, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndime 31Madipatimenti oyenerera a Bungwe la State Council angatanthauze zomwe zili mu Malamulowa pakuwongolera zitsulo zosowa kusiyapo zapadziko lapansi.
Ndime 32Lamuloli lidzayamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 1, 2024.