Cobalt ndi chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire ambiri amagetsi. Nkhaniyi ndi iti yomwe tesla idzagwiritsa ntchito mabatire "a cobalt", koma mtundu wanji wa cobal ndi cobabala? Ndifotokozera mwachidule kuchokera ku chidziwitso choyambirira chomwe mukufuna kudziwa.
Dzina lake ndi michere ya mikangano yochokera ku chiwanda
Kodi mukudziwa cobalt cobat? Osangokhala mabatire amagetsi okhaokha (kutuluka) ndi mafoni, komanso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazithunzi zotentherera kwa cobadisi ndi mabatani, zochititsa chidwi, zopaka zamagetsi. Cobat amatchedwa "Kobold," Chilombo chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri pa Stangeon Stevel Scrict, ndipo adakhulupirira ku Europe yomwe adaponya matsenga pa migodi kuti apange zitsulo zolimba komanso zoopsa. ndichoncho.
Tsopano, kaya pali zombo za mgodi, cobat ndi zoopsa ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa zoopsa zaumoyo monga pneumonios ngati simuvala zida zoyenera. Ndipo ngakhale kuti Democratic Republic of Congo imapanga theka la cobabala ya dziko lapansi, langa laung'ono) pomwe anthu osauka popanda ntchito ndi zida zosavuta popanda maphunziro. ) Kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kumachitika, ana amakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ndalama zochepa pafupifupi 200 yen patsiku la magulu ankhondo, choncho cobatte, ndi tantsulu. , Adatchedwa Milserals.
Komabe, kufalitsa kwa mabatire a evs a evs, m'zaka zaposachedwa makampani aposachedwa ayamba kufufuza ngati njira zosayenera, kuphatikizapo ma cobal oxide ndi cobart hydroxide, akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, zimphona za batri ndi LG
Mu 2018, Cobart Mediance (FCA), bungwe la Coban Hobadi Yabwino, lidakhazikitsidwa ngati gawo lolimbikitsa kukwezedwa ndi mgwirizano wa cobalt. Ophunzira amaphatikizapo tela, yomwe imadya mabatire a lithiamu-ion Snoop Soo Motors, GWress Exor Extch Gincore, ndi china cha Huaku.
Kuyang'ana Japan, sumitomo mining CO., LTD., yomwe imapereka zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kwa Pamoyo wa Little-ion wogula "mu Ogasiti 2020 ndikuyamba kulimbikira. pansi.
M'tsogolomu, monga makampani akuluakulu akhazikitse migodi yovomerezeka ina pambuyo pake, ogwira ntchito azichita zoopsa ndikulowa m'migodi yaying'ono, ndipo ndalama zimachepa pang'ono.
Kusowa kwa cobalt
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa eves ndikadali kocheperako, komwe kuli ndi mamiliyoni 7 okha, kuphatikiza 2.1 miliyoni ogulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ngati magalimoto ambiri a injini amathetsa ndalama, ndipo ngati ndalama za cobalt hydroxide zimafunidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa cobalt zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipinda zomwe zimapezeka mu 2019 zinali matani 19,000, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi makilogalamu 9 amafunikira galimoto. Kupanga 1 biliyoni za makilogalamu 9 kumafunikira cobaba 9 miliyoni, koma malo onse adzikoli ndi matani okwana 7.1 miliyoni, komanso monga matani 100,000 m'mafakitale ena. Popeza ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chimawoneka kuti ndi momwe zilili.
SV imayenera kukula kakhumi pa 2025, ndikufunikira pachaka kwa matani 250,000, kuphatikiza mabatire agalimoto, oyang'anira apadera ndi ntchito zina. Ngakhale zomwe zikuyenera kuti zitheke, zimatha nthawi zonse zosungidwa zosagwirizana ndi zaka 30.
Poyerekeza ndi izi, opanga batri akugwira ntchito molimbika usana ndi usiku momwe mungachepetse kuchuluka kwa cobalt. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire a NMC amagwiritsa ntchito Nickel, manganese, ndi cobalt akutukuka ndi NMC11 ndi NMC811 ndi NMC9.5.5 (NTHAWI YOSAVUTA NDI 0,5) pakadali pano.
The NCA (nickel, cobat, aluminiyamu) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tebuloni ali ndi cobalt zodulidwa mpaka 3%, koma moder 3 yopangidwa ndi babala ya cobalt-phobala ya cosphate (LFP). Palinso madela omwe angalandire. Ngakhale LFP ndiyotsika kwa NCA malinga ndi magwiridwe, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu zotsika mtengo, malo okhazikika, komanso moyo wautali.
Ndipo ku "TEEALA TSIKU LA BARTA" AMASINTHA kuyambira 6:30 m'mawa kwambiri, batiri latsopano la cobalt lidzalengezedwa, ndipo lidzayamba kupanga zaka. Ikuyembekezeka.
Mwa njira, ku Japan, "zitsulo zosowa" ndi "zolengedwa zamseru" nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka. Zitsulo zosafunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale chifukwa "ndikusunga malo okhazikika ndikofunikira pankhani ya mfundo pakati pa zitsulo zomwe zidachuluka kapena zovuta kusiya chifukwa chazachuma komanso makampani ogulitsa chuma,". Ndi chitsulo chosakhala chopanda mphamvu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo ndi nthawi zambiri zamitundu 31 kuphatikizapo lithiamu, titanium, chromium, Nebarke, a Nickel, ndi Offeo, ndi Osiyanasiyana. Mwa awa, anthu oirikiza amatchedwa okhala padziko lapansi, ndipo mitundu 17 monga Nentymium ndi Dysprium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito osatha.
Pakati pa kusowa kwa cobalt gwero la cobalt, zitsulo zachitsulo ndi ufa, ndi ma cobalt cobrous chloride ngakhale heabalane ngakhale heabalane ngakhale heabalane ngakhale heabalane ngakhale heabalane ngakhale heabalane ngakhale hebala ngakhale hebala ngakhale hebala ngakhale helsammineobala (III) Shloride ndiyochepa.
Kuswa cobalt
Monga momwe magwiridwe antchito amafunikira kuwonjezeka, amayembekezeredwa kuti mabatire omwe safuna cobat, monga mabatire onse a boma ndi mabatire a silfure, sadzaganiza kuti zinthu zatha. Komabe, izi zikutanthauza kuti kufunikira kwa cobalt kugwa kwina.
Kusintha kwachitika zaka 5 mpaka 10 ku 10, ndipo makampani akuluakulu a migodi safuna kupanga ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali ku cobalt. Komabe, chifukwa tikuona mathedwe, tikufuna kuti ogwira ntchito m'migodi akometsere malo otetezeka kuposa kuwira kwa Cobalt.
Ndipo mabatire a magalimoto pamagalimoto pano pamsika amafunikanso kubwezeretsedwanso zaka 10 mpaka 20 pambuyo pake, omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi zitsulo za Temitla kale jb strobel. -Manda ndi ena akhazikitsa ukadaulo wobwezeretsa Cobalt ndipo udzaugwiritsanso ntchito zina.
Ngakhale zomwe zingachitike kwakanthawi kochepa pakusintha kwamagetsi, timakumana ndi kukhazikika ndipo ufulu wa anthu ogwira ntchito monga cobalt upangiridwe ngati cobala. Ndikufuna kunena nkhaniyi ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala gulu.