Cerium carbonate ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi cerium oxide ndi carbonate. Ili ndi kukhazikika bwino komanso kusakhazikika kwamankhwala ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya, zopangira, utoto, magalasi, ndi zina zambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe mabungwe ofufuza zamisika apeza, msika wapadziko lonse wa cerium carbonate unafika $2.4 biliyoni mu 2019 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika. $3.4 biliyoni pofika 2024. Pali njira zitatu zopangira cerium carbonate: mankhwala, thupi, ndi biological. Pakati pa njirazi, njira ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo; komabe, zimabweretsanso zovuta zowononga chilengedwe. Makampani a cerium carbonate akuwonetsa chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko ndi kuthekera koma ayeneranso kulimbana ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso zovuta zoteteza chilengedwe. Malingaliro a kampani UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd., bizinesi yotsogola ku China yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pakufufuza ndi chitukuko komanso kupanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu za cerium carbonate ikufuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwamakampani poika patsogolo mwanzeru njira zoteteza zachilengedwe pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwira ntchito kwambiri mwanzeru. Gulu la R&D la UrbanMines lalemba nkhaniyi kuti liyankhe mafunso ndi nkhawa za kasitomala wathu.
1.Kodi cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani? Kodi cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Cerium carbonate ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi cerium ndi carbonate, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zipangizo zothandizira, zipangizo zounikira, zopukuta, ndi zopangira mankhwala. Magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ndi awa:
(1) Zipangizo zowala kwambiri zapadziko lapansi: High-purity cerium carbonate imagwira ntchito ngati zida zofunika kwambiri pokonzekera zida zowunikira zapadziko lapansi. Zida zowunikirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunikira, zowonetsera, ndi magawo ena, zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo mafakitale amakono amagetsi.
(2) Zoyezera utsi wa injini zamagalimoto: Cerium carbonate imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoyeretsera utsi wagalimoto zomwe zimachepetsa bwino utsi woyipa kuchokera ku utsi wagalimoto ndipo zimathandizira kwambiri kukonza mpweya wabwino.
(3) Zipangizo zopukutira: Pochita ngati chowonjezera muzinthu zopukutira, cerium carbonate imakulitsa kuwala ndi kusalala kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
(4) Mapulasitiki opangira utoto: Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupaka utoto, cerium carbonate amapereka mitundu ndi katundu wake ku mapulasitiki a engineering.
(5) Zopangira Mankhwala: Cerium carbonate imapeza ntchito zambiri monga chothandizira mankhwala mwa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zothandizira komanso kusankha pamene zimalimbikitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala.
(6) Mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi ntchito zachipatala: Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala, cerium carbonate yasonyeza kufunika kwake m'madera azachipatala monga chithandizo cha zilonda zoyaka moto.
(7) Zowonjezera za carbide: Kuphatikizika kwa cerium carbonate ku ma alloys opangidwa ndi simenti kumathandizira kulimba kwawo komanso kukana mphamvu.
(8) Makampani a Ceramic: Makampani a ceramic amagwiritsa ntchito cerium carbonate ngati chowonjezera kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a zoumba.
Mwachidule, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ma cerium carbonates amasewera kwambiri.
2. Kodi mtundu wa cerium carbonate ndi wotani?
Mtundu wa cerium carbonate ndi woyera, koma kuyera kwake kungakhudze pang'ono mtundu wake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chikasu chachikasu.
3. Kodi cerium amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji katatu?
Cerium ili ndi ntchito zitatu zofala:
(1) Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati co-catalyst pakuyeretsa magalimoto kuti isunge mpweya wabwino, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Chothandizira ichi chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto, ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi utsi wagalimoto kupita ku chilengedwe.
(2) Imagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu galasi la kuwala kuti itenge kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi infrared. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mugalasi lamagalimoto, yoteteza ku kuwala kwa UV ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa mkati mwagalimoto, potero imapulumutsa magetsi pazifukwa zowongolera mpweya. Kuyambira 1997, cerium oxide yaphatikizidwa mugalasi lonse lamagalimoto aku Japan ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ku United States.
(3) Cerium akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati chowonjezera kwa NdFeB okhazikika maginito zipangizo kumapangitsanso katundu wawo maginito ndi bata. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumagetsi ndi makina amagetsi monga ma mota ndi ma jenereta, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a zida.
4. Kodi cerium amachita chiyani ku thupi?
Zotsatira za cerium m'thupi makamaka zimaphatikizapo hepatotoxicity ndi osteotoxicity, komanso zomwe zingakhudze dongosolo lamanjenje lamaso. Cerium ndi mankhwala ake amawononga khungu la munthu ndi mawonekedwe a mitsempha ya optic, ndipo ngakhale kupuma pang'ono kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha kulumala kapena kuyika moyo pachiswe. Cerium oxide ndi poizoni m'thupi la munthu, kuwononga chiwindi ndi mafupa. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kusamala bwino ndikupewa kutulutsa mankhwala.
Makamaka, cerium oxide imatha kuchepetsa prothrombin zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito; kuletsa kupanga kwa thrombin; kuchuluka kwa fibrinogen; ndikuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa phosphate compound. Kuwona kwa nthawi yayitali kuzinthu zomwe zili ndi nthaka yosowa kwambiri kumatha kuwononga chiwindi ndi chigoba.
Kuphatikiza apo, ufa wopukutira wokhala ndi cerium oxide kapena zinthu zina ukhoza kulowa mwachindunji m'mapapo kudzera mu mpweya wopumira womwe umatsogolera ku mapapu omwe angayambitse silicosis. Ngakhale mayamwidwe a radioactive cerium amakhala otsika kwambiri m'thupi, makanda amakhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka 144Ce m'matumbo awo am'mimba. Radioactive cerium imadziunjikira m'chiwindi ndi mafupa pakapita nthawi.
5. Ndicerium carbonatezosungunuka m'madzi?
Cerium carbonate sisungunuka m'madzi koma imasungunuka muzitsulo za acidic. Ndi gulu lokhazikika lomwe silisintha likakhala ndi mpweya koma limasanduka lakuda pansi pa kuwala kwa ultraviolet.
6.Kodi cerium ndi yolimba kapena yofewa?
Cerium ndi chitsulo chofewa, choyera-choyera chapadziko lapansi chosowa chosowa kwambiri chokhala ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo komanso mawonekedwe osinthika omwe amatha kudulidwa ndi mpeni.
Zakuthupi za cerium zimathandiziranso chikhalidwe chake chofewa. Cerium ili ndi malo osungunuka a 795 ° C, malo otentha a 3443 ° C, ndi kachulukidwe 6.67 g/mL. Kuphatikiza apo, imasintha mtundu ikakhala ndi mpweya. Zinthu izi zikuwonetsa kuti cerium ndi chitsulo chofewa komanso chodumphira.
7. Kodi cerium oxidise madzi?
Cerium imatha kutulutsa madzi oxidizing chifukwa cha reactivity yake yamankhwala. Imachita pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ozizira komanso mofulumira ndi madzi otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga cerium hydroxide ndi mpweya wa hydrogen. Kuchuluka kwa izi kumawonjezeka m'madzi otentha poyerekeza ndi madzi ozizira.
8. Kodi cerium ndi osowa?
Inde, cerium imatengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chosowa chifukwa imapanga pafupifupi 0.0046% ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwazochuluka kwambiri mwazinthu zapadziko lapansi.
9. Kodi cerium ndi madzi olimba kapena gasi?
Cerium ilipo ngati yolimba kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kupanikizika. Chimawoneka ngati chitsulo chasiliva-grey reactive chomwe chimakhala ndi ductility komanso chofewa kuposa chitsulo. Ngakhale kuti imatha kusinthidwa kukhala madzi pamene ikutentha, nthawi yabwino (kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kupanikizika), imakhalabe yolimba chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwa 795 ° C ndi kuwira kwa 3443 ° C.
10. Kodi cerium imawoneka bwanji?
Cerium ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a chitsulo cha silver-grey reactive chomwe chili m'gulu la rare Earth elements (REEs). Chizindikiro chake chamankhwala ndi Ce pomwe nambala yake ya atomiki ndi 58. Imakhala ndi kusiyanitsa kukhala imodzi mwazochuluka kwambiri za REEs.Ceriu ufa uli ndi reactivity yapamwamba ku mpweya kuchititsa kuyaka modzidzimutsa, komanso kusungunula mosavuta mu zidulo. Imagwira ntchito ngati njira yabwino yochepetsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga alloy.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo: kachulukidwe kameneka kamachokera ku 6.7-6.9 kutengera kapangidwe ka kristalo; Malo osungunuka aima pa 799 ℃ pomwe malo otentha amafika ku3426 ℃. Dzina lakuti "cerium" limachokera ku mawu a Chingerezi akuti "Ceres", omwe amatanthauza asteroid. Zomwe zili mkati mwa kutumphuka kwa Dziko lapansi zimakhala pafupifupi 0.0046%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofala kwambiri pakati pa ma REE.
Ceriu imapezeka makamaka mu monazite, bastnaesite, ndi zinthu za fission zochokera ku uranium-thorium plutonium. M'makampani, amapeza ntchito zambiri monga kugwiritsa ntchito alloy kupanga chothandizira.