Kodi mfundo ya zitsulo zomwe zimatengera kuwala kwa infrared ndi chiyani ndipo zimathandizira bwanji?
Zinthu zachitsulo, kuphatikiza zosowa zapadziko lapansi, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyamwa kwa infrared. Monga mtsogoleri wazitsulo zosawerengeka komanso zosowa zapadziko lapansi,Malingaliro a kampani UrbanMines Tech. Co., Ltd. imathandizira pafupifupi 1/8 yamakasitomala padziko lonse lapansi pakuyamwa kwa infuraredi. Pofuna kuthana ndi mafunso aukadaulo amakasitomala pankhaniyi, bungwe lofufuza ndi chitukuko la kampani yathu lalemba nkhaniyi kuti ipereke mayankho.
1.Mfundo ndi makhalidwe a infuraredi mayamwidwe ndi zitsulo mankhwala
Mfundo ya mayamwidwe a infuraredi ndi zitsulo zimatengera kugwedezeka kwa kapangidwe kake ka maselo ndi zomangira zamankhwala. Infrared spectroscopy imasanthula kapangidwe ka maselo poyesa kusintha kwa kugwedezeka kwa intramolecular ndi mphamvu zozungulira. Kugwedezeka kwa ma bondi amankhwala mumagulu azitsulo kumabweretsa kuyamwa kwa infuraredi, makamaka ma bondi achitsulo-organic muzinthu zachitsulo-organic, kugwedezeka kwa ma bond ambiri a inorganic, ndi kugwedezeka kwa crystal frame, komwe kudzawonekera m'magawo osiyanasiyana a infrared spectrum.
Kuchita kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo mu infuraredi spectra:
(1) .MXene zakuthupi: MXene ndi awiri-dimensional kusintha zitsulo-carbon / nayitrogeni pawiri ndi zigawo wolemera, madutsidwe zitsulo, lalikulu enieni pamwamba m'dera, ndi yogwira pamwamba. Ili ndi mayamwidwe osiyanasiyana a infrared m'mabandi apafupi ndi infrared ndi mid-/far-infrared ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu infrared camouflage, photothermal conversion, ndi madera ena m'zaka zaposachedwa.
(2) Copper compounds : Mapangidwe a mkuwa okhala ndi phosphorus amagwira bwino ntchito pakati pa zotsekemera za infrared, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti mdima wakuda chifukwa cha kuwala kwa ultraviolet komanso kusunga kuwala kowoneka bwino komanso kuyamwa kwa infrared mokhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali3.
Nkhani zogwiritsa ntchito
(1) Kubisala kwa infuraredi : Zida za MXene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobisalira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri amayamwidwe a infrared. Amatha kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a infuraredi ya chandamale ndikuwongolera kubisala 2.
(2). Photothermal kutembenuka : Zipangizo za MXene zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zotulutsa mpweya m'ma bandi apakati/atali a infuraredi, omwe ndi oyenera kutembenuza ma photothermal ndipo amatha kusintha bwino mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha 2.
(3) Zida zamawindo: Zolemba za resin zomwe zimakhala ndi ma infrared absorbers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pawindo kuti atseke bwino kuwala kwa infrared ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi 3.
Milandu yogwiritsira ntchitoyi ikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana ndi kutheka kwazitsulo zazitsulo pamayamwidwe a infrared, makamaka gawo lawo lofunikira mu sayansi yamakono ndi mafakitale.
2.Ndizitsulo ziti zomwe zimatha kuyamwa cheza cha infuraredi?
Zida zachitsulo zomwe zimatha kuyamwa cheza cha infrared zimaphatikizapoantimoni tin oxide (ATO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminium zinc oxide (AZO), tungsten trioxide (WO3), iron tetroxide (Fe3O4) ndi strontium titanate (SrTiO3).
2.1 Mawonekedwe a infrared mayamwidwe azinthu zachitsulo
Antimony tin oxide (ATO): Imatha kutchingira kuwala kwapafupi ndi infrared ndi utali wotalikirapo kuposa 1500 nm, koma sikungatchinjirize kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi kuwala kwa infrared ndi kutalika kosakwana 1500 nm.
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): Mofanana ndi ATO, imakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza kuwala kwapafupi ndi infrared.
Zinc aluminium oxide (AZO): Imakhalanso ndi ntchito yotchinga pafupi ndi kuwala kwa infrared.
Tungsten trioxide (WO3): Ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa plasmon resonance komanso kachipangizo kakang'ono ka polaron, imatha kuteteza ma radiation a infrared ndi kutalika kwa 780-2500 nm, ndipo ilibe poizoni komanso yotsika mtengo.
Fe3O4: Ili ndi mayamwidwe abwino a infrared komanso kuyankha kwamafuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masensa a infrared ndi zowunikira.
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3): ili ndi mayamwidwe abwino kwambiri a infrared ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, oyenera masensa a infrared ndi zowunikira.
Erbium fluoride (ErF3) : ndi chinthu chosowa padziko lapansi chomwe chimatha kuyamwa cheza cha infrared. Erbium fluoride ili ndi makhiristo amtundu wa rozi, malo osungunuka a 1350 ° C, malo otentha a 2200 ° C, ndi kachulukidwe 7.814g/cm³. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka zokutira, fiber doping, makhiristo a laser, zida zopangira magalasi amodzi, ma amplifiers a laser, zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndi zina.
2.2 Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zopangidwa ndi infuraredi
Zosakaniza zachitsulo izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zoyamwitsa za infuraredi. Mwachitsanzo, ATO, ITO, ndi AZO nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma conductive, antistatic, zokutira zoteteza ma radiation ndi ma electrode owonekera; WO3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutchinjiriza kutentha, kuyamwa, ndi kunyezimira kwa infrared chifukwa chachitetezo chake chapafupi ndi infrared komanso zinthu zopanda poizoni. Zida zachitsulo izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wa infrared chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera amayamwidwe a infrared.
2.3
Pakati pa zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi, lanthanum hexaboride ndi nano-size lanthanum boride zimatha kuyamwa cheza cha infrared.Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu radar, zakuthambo, zamagetsi zamagetsi, zida, zida zamankhwala, zitsulo zapanyumba, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi zina. Makamaka, lanthanum hexaboride single crystal ndi chinthu chopangira machubu amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, maginito, matabwa a ma elekitironi, matabwa a ion, ndi ma cathodes accelerator.
Kuphatikiza apo, nano-scale lanthanum boride ilinso ndi mphamvu yotengera kuwala kwa infuraredi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pamwamba pa mapepala a filimu ya polyethylene kuti atseke kuwala kwa infuraredi ku dzuwa. Imayamwa cheza cha infrared, nano-scale lanthanum boride sichitenga kuwala kowoneka bwino. Izi zitha kuletsa kuwala kwa infrared kulowa m'galasi lazenera kumadera otentha, komanso kutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya kuwala ndi kutentha m'malo ozizira.
Zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, kuphatikiza zankhondo, mphamvu za nyukiliya, ukadaulo wapamwamba, ndi zinthu zomwe anthu amagula tsiku lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, lanthanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo luso la ma alloys mu zida ndi zida, gadolinium ndi isotopu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera za nyutroni m'munda wa mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndipo cerium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha galasi kuti chitenge kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi infrared.
Cerium, monga chowonjezera cha galasi, imatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet ndi infrared ndipo tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mugalasi lamagalimoto. Sikuti amateteza kokha ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet komanso amachepetsa kutentha mkati mwa galimoto, motero amapulumutsa magetsi kuti azitha mpweya. Kuyambira 1997, galasi lagalimoto la ku Japan lawonjezeredwa ndi cerium oxide, ndipo linagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto mu 1996.
3.Properties ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi za kuyamwa kwa infrared ndi zitsulo zazitsulo
3.1 The katundu ndi chikoka zinthu mayamwidwe infuraredi ndi zitsulo mankhwala makamaka ndi mbali zotsatirazi:
Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe: Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe azitsulo ku cheza cha infrared kumasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga mtundu wachitsulo, mawonekedwe apamwamba, kutentha, ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a cheza cha infrared. Zitsulo wamba monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi chitsulo nthawi zambiri mayamwidwe a infuraredi cheza pakati 10% ndi 50% kutentha firiji. Mwachitsanzo, mayamwidwe a aluminiyamu koyera pamwamba pa kuwala kwa infuraredi kutentha kwa firiji ndi pafupifupi 12%, pomwe mayamwidwe amkuwa owopsa amatha kufika pafupifupi 40%.
3.2 Katundu ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuyamwa kwa infuraredi ndi zitsulo:
Mitundu ya Zitsulo: Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a atomiki ndi ma elekitironi osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuyamwa mosiyanasiyana pakuwunika kwa infrared.
Mkhalidwe wapamtunda: Kukhwimitsa, kusanjikiza kwa okusayidi, kapena zokutira kwachitsulo kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe.
Kutentha: Kusintha kwa kutentha kumasintha mawonekedwe amagetsi mkati mwachitsulo, motero zimakhudza kuyamwa kwake kwa kuwala kwa infrared.
Mafunde a infrared wavelength: Mafunde osiyanasiyana a cheza cha infrared ali ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana koyamwa zitsulo.
Zosintha pamikhalidwe inayake: Pazifukwa zina, mayamwidwe a cheza cha infrared ndi zitsulo amatha kusintha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chikakutidwa ndi chinthu chapadera, mphamvu yake yotengera kuwala kwa infrared imatha kulimbikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwamagetsi azitsulo m'malo otentha kwambiri kungayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito: Mayamwidwe a infrared a zitsulo ali ndi phindu lofunikira paukadaulo wa infrared, kujambula kwamafuta, ndi magawo ena. Mwachitsanzo, poyang'anira zokutira kapena kutentha kwa chitsulo pamwamba, kuyamwa kwake kwa cheza cha infrared kumatha kusinthidwa, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa kutentha, kujambula kwamafuta, ndi zina zambiri.
Njira Zoyesera ndi Mbiri Yofufuza: Ofufuza adatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a cheza cha infrared ndi zitsulo kudzera mumiyeso yoyesera ndi maphunziro aukadaulo. Izi ndizofunika kuti mumvetsetse mawonekedwe a kuwala kwazitsulo zazitsulo ndikupanga ntchito zogwirizana nazo.
Mwachidule, mayamwidwe a infrared a zitsulo amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri ndipo amatha kusintha kwambiri pamikhalidwe yosiyana. Zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri.