Polyester (pet) fiber ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazopanga. Zovala zopangidwa ndi fiber ya polyester ili yabwino, lomera, yosavuta kusamba, ndipo imafulumira kuti iume. Polyester imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ngati zopangira zopangira, ulusi wa mafakitale, ndi pulasitiki. Zotsatira zake, polyester yayamba msanga padziko lonse lapansi, ndikukula pafupifupi 7% komanso ndi zotulutsa zazikulu.
Kupanga kwa polyester kumatha kugawidwa ku Dimethyl Terefi (DMT) Route ndi Terephthalic acid (PTA) Acid (PTA) Ndondomeko ya Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Patsogolo Mosasamala kanthu za njira yopanga zomwe zimapangidwira, ma polycondedetion a polycomety amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsulo ngati othandizira. Njira yolanda miyala ndi gawo lofunikira mu polyester wopanga, ndipo nthawi youya ndi botolo la mabotolo. Kusintha kwa dongosolo la chothandizira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pokonzanso kuchuluka kwa polyester ndikufupikitsa nthawi yopumira.
Uraxmin. Ocheperako ndi kampani yotsogola yaku China yopanga mu R & D, kupanga, ndikupereka kwa amiyala ya polyester-kalasi tsintidi, ndi antict gycol. Tachita kafukufuku wakuya pazinthu izi - dipatimenti ya R & D ya antunves tsopano kuti muthandizire makasitomala athu mosasintha, ndikupereka mpikisano wokwanira wa Pulsister fiber.
Ophunzira zapakhomo komanso zakunja nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti polycter polycomettion ndi zina zowonjezera, ndipo njira yolumikizira ya Chitsulo Chachitsulo Chothandizira, zomwe zimafuna kuti ma atomu achinyengo a carbonyl oxygen kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha catalysissis. Kwa polycondenstimetion, popeza ma elekitoni a electoron a carbonyl oxygen mu gulu la hydroxyathyl ali wotsika kwambiri, electronegatorty ya ma ionry ndi otsika kwambiri nthawi yolumikizirana, kuti ithandizire kuyanjana.
Otsatirawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphaka za poyesterte: Li, n Ureas, guanidines, sulufule-wokhala ndi mankhwala opangira zachilengedwe. Komabe, othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panobe ndipo amaphunzira kupanga mafakitale makamaka SB, ge, ndi tiyi. Kafukufuku ambiri asonyeza kuti: mphaka za mayiko awonetsa kuti ndi ziweto zochepa ndipo zimapanga zoseweretsa zapamwamba kwambiri, koma ntchito zawo sizikhala zazitali, ndipo ali ndi zothandizira zingapo, ndizokwera mtengo; Zovala za ti-zochokera kuzinthu zambiri komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu, koma kuthamanga kwawo kwamitundu ikuluyikira kwambiri, chifukwa chokhazikika pamafuta owoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapangidwe ka PBT, PTT, PTT, etc.; Ma carelyst ogwiritsa ntchito SB sikuti amangogwira ntchito. Khalidwe lazinthu ndilokwera chifukwa choperekera ma sb okhazikika chimakhala chogwira ntchito, kukhala ndi zochitika zochepa, ndipo ndizotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake, agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakati pawo, zokongoletsera zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za SB ndizovomerezeka trioxide (sb2o3), anticy acetate (sb (ch3coo) 3), etc.
Kuyang'ana mbiri yachitukuko yamakampani ogulitsa polyester, titha kupeza zoposa 90% ya mbewu za polyester padziko lapansi zomwe dziko lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwiva monga othandizira. Podzafika 2000, China inali itayambitsa mbewu zingapo polyester, zomwe zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala opanga zinthu ngati othandizirana, makamaka sb2o3 ndi sb (ch3coo) 3. Kudzera mu kuyesayesa kwa kafukufuku waku China, mayunivesite, ndi madothi opanga, othandizira awiriwa tsopano apangidwa mokwanira.
Kuyambira 1999, makampani a France Elf adakhazikitsa anticy glycol [sb2 (OCH2 (OCH2ch2CO) 3] chothandizira chothandizira pazinthu zachikhalidwe. Chipsikidwe cha polysister chimapangidwa kukhala choyera kwambiri komanso chosiyana kwambiri, chomwe chimakopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku mabungwe apanyumba, mabizinesi, ndi opanga polyester ku China.
I. Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito antion trioxide
United States ndi imodzi mwamayiko oyamba kuti apange ndikugwiritsa ntchito sb2o3. Mu 1961, kugwiritsa ntchito sb2o3 ku United States kunafika matani 4,943. Mu 1970s, makampani asanu ku Japan adapanga sb2o3 yopanga mphamvu ya 6,360 pachaka.
Magulu a SB2O3 ndi chitukuko amakhazikika makamaka okhala ndi mabizinesi omwe anali nawo m'chigawo cha Hunan ndi Shanghai. Uraxmin. Yocheperanso yakhazikitsa mzere wopanga waluso mu chigawo cha Hunan.
(I). Njira yopangira antion trioxide
Kupanga sb2o3 nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito anti anti sulfide ore monga raw. Zolinga zachitsulo zakonzedwa koyamba, kenako sb2o3 zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito antion antion ngati zida zopangira.
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira sb2o3 kuchokera ku menic.
1. Njira yolumikizira maxidation
Zazilimoni zachitsulo zimakhudzana ndi mpweya wotentha kuti apange sb2o3. Njira yotsatira ili motere:
4Sb + 3O2 == 2sb2o3
2. Amomolysis
Chifuwa cha acimorine chotenga antifkesion arichloride, chomwe chimakhazikika, hydrolyzid, amomonizi, ndikutsuka, ndikuwuma kuti athe kupeza malonda a SB2o3. Equation yoyambira ndi iyi:
2Sb + 3cl2 == 2sbcl3
Sbcl3 + h2o == sbocl + 2hcl
4Sbocl + h2o == sb1Sbocl + 2hcl
Sb1o3sbocl + o == 2sb2o3 + 2nh4cl + h2o
(II). Kugwiritsa ntchito antion trioxide
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa antion trioxide kuli ngati chothandizira cha polymease ndi moto wokhazikika chifukwa cha zinthu zopangidwa.
Mu makampani a polyester, SB2O3 adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati chothandizira. SB2O3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira polycondeds panjira ya DMT ndi njira yoyambirira ya Pta ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi h3po4 kapena ma enzymes ake.
(Iii). Mavuto ndi antion trioxide
SB2O3 ili ndi zosauka zosauka mu ethylene glycol, wokhala ndi kusungunuka pokhapokha 4.04% pa 150 ° C. Chifukwa chake, pamene Ethylee Glycol imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera chothandizira, SB2o3 imabereka, zomwe zingayambitsenso kubereka mopitirira muyeso, koterera-cymping cell, ndikubweretsa zovuta kuzipindika. Kusintha kusungunuka ndi kupezeka kwa ethylene glycol, nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito ethylene glycol kapena kuwonjezera kutentha kwamphamvu mpaka 150 ° C. Komabe, pamwamba pa 120 ° C, sb2o3 ndi ethylene glynchone glynchol anyanitse mpweya wambiri akamachita zinthu zazitali, zomwe zingayambitse chipilala cha polycaster ndikusokoneza mtundu wa polyeter ndikusokoneza mtundu wa polyeter ndikusokoneza mtundu.
Ii. Kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anic acetate
Kukonzekera njira ya antic acetate
Poyamba, a Acetate adakonzedwa ndikugwira ntchito a Aceoxide ndi acetic acid, ndipo acetic borhydride adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira madzi onunkhira kuti atenge madzi. Mtundu wa chinthu chomalizidwa chopezeka ndi njirayi sichinali chokwera, ndipo chimatenga maola opitilira 30 kuti trioxide kusungunuke mu acetic acid. Pambuyo pake, adwatate adakonzedwa chifukwa cholamula za chitsulo, antict trichloride, kapena anti
1. Njira ya antion trichloride
Mu 1947, H. Schmidt et al. Ku West Germany adakonzekereratu SB (CH3COO) 3 pobwereza SBCL3 ndi acetic terhydride. Njira yothandizira ili motere:
SBCL3 + 3 (Ch3co) 2o == sb (ch3coo) 3 + 3ch3cocl
2. Njira yachitsulo yacifundo
Mu 1954, tandamyaa wa Soviet Union wokonzekereratu SB (CH3COO) 3 pobwereza antic ndi peroxyacetyl yankho la benzene. Njira yothandizira:
SB + (Ch3coo) 2 == sb (ch3coo) 3
3. Njira ya Antion Trioxide
Mu 1957, F. Jerdel ya West Germany amagwiritsa ntchito sb2o3 kuti atengere matenda a acehtic kuti apange sb (ch3coo) 3.
Sb2o3 + 3 (Ch3co) 2o == 2SB (ch3coo) 3
Zovuta za njirayi ndikuti makhrisiwo amatengera zidutswa zazikulu ndikumatira kukhoma lamkati mwa riyakitalayo, chifukwa chosauka komanso mtundu.
4. Antion Trioxide Solvent
Kuti muthane ndi zolakwa za pamwambapa, zosungunulira zapamwambazi nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa pakuchita kwa SB2o3 ndi acetic terhydride. Njira yokonzekera mwachindunji ili motere:
. Patent adagwiritsa ntchito xane (,, M-xleyne, kapena kusakaniza kwake) ngati osalowerera bwino kuti atulutse makhiristo abwino a acebatate.
.
Iii. Kufanizira kwa zothandizira zamphamvu zitatu zamphamvu
| Antion trioxide | Antic acetate | Antic glycoate | |
| Katundu woyambira | Amadziwika kuti antiven oyera, ma molecular formula sb 2 o 3 o 3 o 3, molecular kulemera 291.51, ufa woyera, wosungunuka 656 ℃. Zogwirizana ndi Underitical zogwirizana ndi pafupifupi 83.53%. Kuchulukitsa kwa 1,20g / ml. Sublebleb mu hydrochloric acid, gwiritsani ntchito salfuric acid, nitric acid, tarlic acid ndi alkalicle mu madzi, oledzera m'madzi, mowa, kuchepetsa sulfuric acid. | Matenda a molecular SB (AC) 3, ma cerer olemera 298.89, a Arictics Okhala ndi Ufa Wosavuta 126-13g kapena Wosavuta kapena Wosavuta | Ma molecular formula sb 2 (mwachitsanzo) 3, Kulemera kwa masentimita pafupifupi 423.68, mawonekedwe a ma crypol ndi poizoni ndi osavuta kutengera chinyezi. Imasungunuka mosavuta ku Ethylene Glycol. |
| Njira ya Synthesis ndi ukadaulo | Makamaka njira ya stibnite: 2sb 2 s 3 + 9o 2 → 2CO 2SB 2SB 2s | Makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito SB 2 O 3 -Solve Njira ya Synthesis: + 2Soms → SB 2 O 3 siyingakhale kunyowa, ndipo zida zopanga ziyeneranso kukhala zouma. | Makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito SB 2 Njira yothandizira: SB 2 3 + 3E) Njira zopangira zimafunikira kuti zizitalikizana ndi madzi kuti mupewe hydrolysis. Izi zikuchitika mosinthika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ethylene glycol ndikuchotsa madzi. |
| Mwai | Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ili ndi ntchito yothandizirana ndi nthawi yayifupi komanso nthawi yayifupi ya polycomety. | Nyimbo ya acetate imakhala yosungunuka bwino ku Ethylene Glycol ndipo imasinthidwa kwambiri ku Ethylene glycol, yomwe imatha kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya antictate, kukana kwa magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikika kwamphamvu; Nthawi yomweyo, pogwiritsa ntchito a aceteate monga chothandizira sichimafuna kuwonjezera kwa chothandizira cha co-calyst ndi chokhazikika. Zomwe achitini antict a Acecetate dongosolo ndi ofatsa, ndipo malonda ake ndi okwera, makamaka mtundu, womwe ndi wabwinoko kuposa antioxide (SB 2) dongosolo. | Chothandizira chimakhala ndi kusungunuka kwambiri mu ethylene glycol; Zero-valent yachotsedwa, ndi zodetsa monga mamolekyulu achitsulo, chlorides ndi sulfides ndi sb 3 (EG) Poyerekeza ndi SB (AC) 3, kuchuluka kwa sb 3++ yomwe imasewera udindo wazovuta ndi wokulirapo. Mtundu wazogulitsa za polyester zomwe zimapangidwa ndi SB 2 (mwachitsanzo) 3 ndiyabwino kuposa sb 2 o 3 okwera kwambiri kuposa choyambirira, ndikupangitsa kuti malondawo akuwoneka bwino. |
| Kumanidwa | Kusungunuka ku Ethylene Glycol ndi wosauka, kokha 4.04% pa 150 ° C. Mwakuchita, Ethylee Glycol ndi wowonjezera kapena wosungunuka kutentha amawonjezeka kuposa 150 ° C. Komabe, pamene SB 2 O 3 o * onjezerani ethylene glycol kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri pa 120 Phenomenon of antibebele outiasis amapezeka pakukonzekera SB 2 O 3, ndipo kuyera koyenera kwa antict sikukhudzidwa. | Chiwindi chogwirizana cha chothandizira chili chotsika kwambiri; Zowonongeka za acetic aciguda zidayambitsa zida za Corrode, ndikuipitsa chilengedwe, ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi madzi; Njira zopangira ndizovuta, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi osauka, pali kuipitsidwa, ndipo malonda ndiosavuta kusintha mtundu. Ndikosavuta kuwola atatenthedwa, ndipo mankhwala a hydrolysis ndi SB2O3 ndi Chhcooh. Nthawi yokhala ndi malowa ndi yayitali, makamaka pagawo lomaliza la polycondmettion, lomwe limakwera kwambiri kuposa dongosolo la SB2O3. | Kugwiritsa ntchito sb 2 (mwachitsanzo) 3 kumawonjezera mtengo wa chipangizocho (kukwera mtengo kumatha kukhala kovuta ngati 25% ya pet amagwiritsidwa ntchito podzimangirira). Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa malonda amawonjezeka pang'ono. |