Ngwaahịa
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Hafnium Tetrachloride
Hafnium Tetrachloride (HfCl₄)bụ ihe mejupụtara inorganic dị oke ọnụ ahịa nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebute ụzọ na mmepụta nke seramiiki dị elu, ihe phosphorus maka diodes na-ewepụta ọkụ dị elu (LEDs), na ihe na-akpali akpali dị iche iche. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, ọ na-egosipụta acidity Lewis pụrụ iche, na-eme ka ọ dị irè nke ukwuu na polima olefin na mgbanwe organic dị iche iche. Site na mmụba nke ngwa na mmepụta semiconductor, injinịa ụgbọelu, na ihe eletrọnịkị ọgbọ na-abịa, ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka HfCl₄ egosipụtala uto na-aga n'ihu. Agbanyeghị, mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ya ka na-achọ n'ụzọ teknụzụ - chọrọ njikwa usoro siri ike, nri dị ọcha nke ukwuu, na nrubeisi na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi, ahụike, na nchekwa (EHS) siri ike. N'ihi ọrụ dị mkpa ya n'inyere ihe arụmọrụ dị elu na ihe mkpali pụrụ iche aka, a na-amata HfCl₄ dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka sayensị ihe dị elu na njikọ kemịkalụ dị mma.
Hafnium, 72Hf Ọdịdị Isi awọ ígwè Nọmba atọm (Z) 72 Oge na STP Siri ike Ebe agbaze 2506 K(2233℃, 4051 ℉) Ebe isi mmiri 4876 K (4603 ℃, 8317 ℃) Njupụta (na 20℃) 13.281 g/cm3 Mgbe mmiri mmiri (na mp) 12 g/cm3 Okpomọkụ nke njikọta 27.2 kJ/mol Okpomọkụ nke vaporization 648 kJ/mol Ike okpomọkụ molar 25.73 J/(mol·K) Ike okpomọkụ kpọmkwem 144.154 J/(kg·K) Ụkpụrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ nke 5N Ọkwa Ọcha Hafnium Tetrachloride
Akara ngosi Li 7 (ppb) Bụrụ 9 (ppb) Na 23 (ppb) Mg 24 (ppb) Al 27 (ppb) K 39 (ppb) Ca 40 (ppb) V 51 (ppb) Cr 52 (ppb) Mn 55 (ppb) Fe 56 (ppb) Kọ 59 (ppb) Ni 60 (ppb) Cu 63 (ppb) Zn 66 (ppb) Ga 69 (ppb) Ge 74 (ppb) Sr 87 (ppb) UMHT5N 0.371 2.056 17.575 6.786 87.888 31.963 66.976 0.000 74.184 34.945 1413.776 21.639 216.953 2.194 20.241 12.567 8.769 3846.227 Zr 90 (ppb) Nb 93 (ppb) Mo98 (ppb) Pd106 (ppb) Ag 107 (ppb) Dịka 108 (ppb) Cd 111 (ppb) Na 115 (ppb) Sn 118 (ppb) Sb 121 (ppb) Ti131 (ppb) Ba 138 (ppb) W 184 (ppb) Au -2197 (ppb) Hg 202 (ppb) Tl 205 (ppb) Pb 208 (ppb) Bi 209 (ppb) 41997.655 8.489 181.362 270.662 40.536 49.165 5.442 0.127 26.237 1.959 72.198 0.776 121.391 1707.062 68.734 0.926 14.582 36.176 Okwu: ICP-MS chọpụtara paramita ndị dị n'elu.
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄) bụ ihe siri ike na-enweghị agba, kristal, nke nwere oke molekul nke 320.30 g/mol na CAS Registry Number 13499-05-3. Ọ na-agbaze na 320 °C ma na-abanye n'okpuru mmiri na ihe dị ka 317 °C n'okpuru nrụgide gburugburu. Ihe mejupụtara ya dị oke hygroscopic ma na-emeghachi omume na mpụga okpomọkụ na ike na mmiri, na-achọ nchekwa n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikuku na-adịghị mmiri mmiri, nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, argon ma ọ bụ nitrogen) n'ime akpa mechiri emechi. N'ihi nrụrụ siri ike ya, kọntaktị kpọmkwem na akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ anya nwere ike ibute ọkụ kemịkalụ dị njọ. Dịka ihe dị ize ndụ nke Class 8 (UN2509), ijikwa ya chọrọ ngwa nchedo onwe onye kwesịrị ekwesị (PPE), gụnyere uwe aka na-eguzogide kemịkalụ, anya anya, na nchekwa iku ume ebe enwere ike imepụta uzuzu.
Gịnị ka e ji Hafnium Tetrachloride eme?
Hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl₄)bụ ihe mejupụtara inorganic dị iche iche nke, n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche kemịkalụ ya, na-achọta ọtụtụ ojiji n'ọtụtụ ngalaba teknụzụ dị elu:
- Semiconductors na ihe eji arụ ọrụ eletrọniki: Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ịkwadebe ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe (dị ka hafnium dioxide), nke a na-eji na akwa mkpuchi ọnụ ụzọ transistor iji mee ka arụmọrụ chip dịkwuo mma. A na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na usoro nchekwa anwụrụ ọkụ kemịkalụ (CVD) iji tinye ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị nke ọla ma ọ bụ hafnium, nke a na-etinye na transistors nwere arụmọrụ dị elu, ngwaọrụ ebe nchekwa, wdg.
- Seramiki na Igwe Ọkụ Elu Dị Elu: A na-eji ya emepụta ihe seramiki dị oke elu, nke na-egosi ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, iguzogide iyi, na iguzogide nchara. Seramiki ndị a dabara adaba maka gburugburu ebe dị oke njọ dịka akụkụ ọkụ nke injin ụgbọelu na ihe mkpuchi rọketi. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ya na ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa LED dị elu iji melite mgbasa okpomọkụ ngwaọrụ na ndụ ya.
- Mmepụta na Nhazi Organic: Dịka ihe na-akpali Lewis acid dị irè, ọ na-akwalite mmeghachi omume dịka olefin polymerization (dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị ka ihe na-ebute Ziegler-Natta catalyst), esterification nke alcohols na acids, acylation, na 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, na-eme ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume na nhọrọ dịkwuo mma. A na-ejikwa ya na ngwakọta kemịkalụ dị mma nke ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ọgwụ.
- Ụlọ Ọrụ Ngwa ...
- Ngalaba Ike: A na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe siri ike dịka lithium hafnium phosphate maka imepụta batrị lithium conductivity dị elu nke ionic. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe na-ebute ụzọ maka ihe ndị nwere ike dị elu na batrị lithium na sodium-ion.
- Nkewa Zirconium-Hafnium: Site n'iji ọdịiche dị n'etiti mgbanwe dị n'etiti zirconium tetrachloride na hafnium tetrachloride, enwere ike kewaa ha nke ọma site na distillation fractional ma ọ bụ gas chromatography. Nke a bụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji nweta hafnium dị ọcha.
Na nchịkọta, hafnium tetrachloride na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe na semiconductors, ihe ndị dị elu, catalysis, ike nuklia, na ngalaba ike ọhụrụ, na-eguzobe onwe ya dị ka isi ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị elu nke oge a.