Polyester (anụ ụlọ) bụ nnukwu eriri ụlọ. Uwe nke nwere eriri poyester dị mma, crisp, dị mfe ịsacha, ma ngwa ngwa kpọọ nkụ. A na-ejikarị polyester mee ihe dị ka akụrụngwa maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, yarns, na plastik. N'ihi nke a, polyester etolitela ngwa ngwa gburugburu ụwa, na-abawanye na nkezi nkezi afọ 7% yana nnukwu mmepụta.
Enwere ike kee ihe omume nke polyster na Deethyl Toophthalate (DMT) Route (PTA) na usoro nke usoro usoro ma enwere ike kee ya na usoro na-aga n'ihu na usoro ọrụ. Na agbanyeghị usoro mmepụta a nakweere, mmeghachi omume polycondia na-achọ iji ogige ọla dị ka ihe na-akpata. Mmeghachi omume polycondes bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa na usoro mmepụta polyester, na oge polycondesation bụ karama maka imeziwanye mkpụrụ. Mmelite nke sistemụ ahụ nke ihe na-akpata bụ ihe dị mkpa iji melite ogo nke polyester ma belata oge polyconden oge.
Urbanmines Tech. A na-enwekarị ụlọ ọrụ China na-eduga na R & D, mmepụta nke Polyester Tramide, Acetate Acetate, na Antomol Glycol. Anyị eduzila nyocha dị omimi na ngwaahịa ndị a - Ngalaba Urban na-achịkọta nyocha na itinye ndị ahịa anyị ngwa ngwa, ma na-enye asọmpi nke ngwaahịa polyester zuru oke.
Ndị ọkà mmụta ụlọ na ndị si mba ọzọ kwenyere na polyceness Postcontion bụ mmeghachi omume nke Polysters bụ mmeghachi omume nke ihe efu iji ahazi elektrọn nke carbonyl na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzube nke caronyl. N'ihi na polyconsenstions, ebe ọ bụ na njupụta igwe elektrọnikị oxygen dị ala dị ala, electronethitivity nke igwe ejikọtara, iji mee ka nhazi ya na ndọtị igwe.
The following can be used as polyester catalysts: Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ti, Nb, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Hg and other metal oxides, alcoholates, carboxylates, borates, halides and amines, ureas, Guanidines, sọlfọ nwere ihe ọ na-ahụ anya. Agbanyeghị, nchọta ndị a na-eji ugbu a ma na-amụ ihe na mmepụta ọrụ bụ sb, ge, na ti usoro. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọmụmụ ego egosila nke ahụ: Ntanetị gee-Dabere na ole na ole na-eme ka ihe dị ala, mana ọrụ ha adịghị elu, ma ha nwere ọtụtụ akụnụba na ọnụ ma dị oke ọnụ; Ndị na-eme ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ dị elu ma ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ, ma enwere ike iji ihe doro anya na agba nke ngwaahịa a, ptt, wdg, wdg.; Ihe ndị SB-dabere na-arụ ọrụ abụghị naanị ọrụ. Ọdịmma ngwaahịa dị elu n'ihi na ihe nlele SB-dabere na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nwere mmeghachi omume dị ole na ole, ma dịkwa ọnụ ala. N'ihi ya, a na-eji ha eme ihe niile. N'etiti ha, ihe ndị SB-sitere na SB-dabere na-abụkarị (SB2O3), Aceyin (SB (CHCO) 3), wdg.
Na-ele akụkọ ntolite nke ụlọ ọrụ polyester, anyị nwere ike ịchọpụta na ihe karịrị 90% nke osisi polyester n'ụwa na-eji ihe na-akpata. Site na 2000, China welitere ọtụtụ osisi polyster, nke a niile na-eji a na-agbapụta ihe dị ka ihe na-akpata ya, tumadi sb2o3 na sb (Ch3co) 3. Site na mbọ nke nyocha sayensị China, mahadum, na ngalaba Protents, abụrụla nke ọma na-eme nke ọma.
Kemgbe afọ 1999, ndị French Chemical Elf ewepụtala Anciat Glycol [SB2 (OCH2) 3] Obunya-polester mepụtara nwere ezigbo ihe na ihe dị mma, nke dọtara nlebara anya na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị nrụpụta polymester na China.
I. Nchọpụta na ntinye nke Actimomide
United States bụ otu n'ime mba ndị mbụ iji mepụta ma tinye SB2o3. N'afọ 1961, oriri SB2O3 na United States ruru tọn 4,943. N'afọ 1970, ụlọ ọrụ ise na Japan mepụtara SB2O3 na ngụkọta mmepụta nke 6,360 tọn 6,360 kwa afọ.
Nchọpụta nke China nke SB2O3 na ihe oriri na-eme ka emepụta na ụlọ ọrụ obodo gara aga na ụlọ ọrụ Hanhan na Shanghai. Urbanmines Tech. Onu-aghaghikwa emeputala usoro mmepụta ọkachamara na mpaghara Hezen.
(I). Usoro iji mepụta antioxide
Imepụta SB2O3 na-ejikarị na-egosikarị na sọlfọ. A na-eme kwadebekarị nke igwe, nke mbụ na SB2o3 na-eji ihe egwuregwu dị ka akụrụngwa.
E nwere ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche maka ịmepụta sb2o3 site na ihe àmà Metallic: oxidation na ihie emepe emepe.
1. Usoro oxidation oxidation
A na - eme ihe na - emeso na oxygen n'okpuru ọkụ iji kpoo SB2O3. Usoro mmeghachi omume dị ka ndị a:
4SB + 3O2 == 2SB2O3
2. Ammolysis
Ihe a na-emegharị na chlorine na-eme nyocha nke na-eme nke ọma, nke a na-eme ka ihe dị njọ, hydrolyzed, ammolyzed, saa ya, na mịrị amịchara ngwaahịa SB2O3. E meghachi omume mmeghachi omume bụ:
2Sb + 3cls2 == 2sbcl3
SBCL3 + H2O == SBOCL + 2HCL
4Sbocl + H2o == SB2O3 · 2sbocl + 2HCL
SB2O3 · 2.sbocl +h == 2SB2o3 + 2nh4cl + H2O
(Ii). Na-eji ihe mgbochi triomide
Isi ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe di ka onye na-eme ihe maka polymerase na ezumike nka maka ihe eji eme ihe.
Na ụlọ ọrụ Polyester, ebu ụzọ jiri SB2o3 mee ihe dịka ihe na-akpata. A na-eji sb2o3 mee ihe dị ka polyconseness na-ahụ maka ụzọ DMT na ụzọ PTA na-ejikarị ya na H3PO4 ma ọ bụ enzymes ya.
(Iii). Nsogbu na antimima trioxide
SB2O3 nwere ihe na-adịghị mma solubality na ethylene glycol, ya na solublity nke naanị 4.04% na 150 Celsius. Ya mere, mgbe ethylene Glyylol na-eji akwado ihe na-enweghị isi, sb2o3 enweghị ike iwepụta oke na sistemụ polymelizations, mepụta cyclic cyclic na-emegharị emegharị, na-ewetara ndị na-eme mkpọtụ dị elu, ma na-eweta ihe isi ike na-agbaze. Iji melite solubality nke sb2o3 na ethylene glycol, ọ na-ejikọkarị ya iji ethylene glycol ma ọ bụ ịbawanye na ọdịda nke 150 Celsius. Agbanyeghị, karịa 120 Celsius C, SB2O3 na ethylene glycol nwere ike imepụta ihe na-atọ ụtọ mgbe ha na-eme ihe na-atọ ụtọ, nke nwere ike ibute "follop" na polyester ibe ma metụta ogo ngwaahịa.
II. Nnyocha na ntinye nke Actayitate
Usoro nkwadebe nke actayincetate
Na mbụ, a kwadebere Acetate acetate site na ime ka ihe a na-eme ihe na-eme ihe nkiri, a na-eji acetic eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịmịcha mmiri. Ogo nke ngwaahịa a rụchara rụpụtara site na usoro a adịghị elu, o were ihe karịrị awa iri atọ maka ịgbari egwu ịgbaze na acetic acid. E mesịrị, a kwadebere Ametara, aretate acetate kwadebere ihe àmà na-agbapụta agbachapụ, ihe àmà na-agbata, ma ọ bụ ịgba egwu acticdride na acetic acid, na-enweghị mkpa maka onye na-ahụ maka akpịrị.
1. Usoro trichloride usoro
N'afọ 1947, H. Schmidt et al. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Germany kwadebere SB (CH3O) 3 site na imeghachi SBCL3 na acetic acticdride. Usoro mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ka ndị a:
SBCL3 + 3 (Ch3co) 2o == SB (CH3CO) 3 + 3ch3cocl
2. Folzọ antimanimary
Na 1954, Tapaybea nke Soviet Union kwadebere SB (Ch3coo) 3 site na imeghachi omume Metal na Peroxyaactyl na Benzene. Usoro mmeghachi omume bụ:
SB + (Ch3coo) 2 == SB (CH3CO) 3
3
Na 1957, F. Nerdel nke West Germany jiri SB2o3 iji meghachi omume na acetic actices iji mepụta sb (Ch3coo) 3.
SB2O3 + 3 (Ch3co) 2o == 2sb (Ch3coo) 3
Ọdịmma nke usoro a bụ na kristal na-agbagha n'ime iberibe buru ibu ma na-ejikwa mgbidi dị n'ime ahụ, na-ebute ogo ngwaahịa na agba.
4. Usoro usoro mgbatị ahụ
Iji merie adịghị ike nke usoro dị n'elu, a na-agbakwunye na nnọchianya na-anọchi anya n'oge mmeghachi omume nke sb2o3 na acetic arhydride. Usoro nkwadebe dị iche iche dị ka ndị a:
(1) N'afọ 1968, R. Thom of the American Companylọ Ọrụ Mos American na-ebipụta ego na nkwadebe nke Actate. Patent ejiri Xylene (o-, p-Xylene, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ya na-emepụta ihe na-atọ ụtọ nke usoro.
(2) Na 1973, Czech Republic chepụtara usoro iji mepụta ihe na-agba mbọ.
III. Tụnyere nke atọ na-eme ihe atọ
| Antimomidi | Acetate | A na-achọsi ike | |
| Njirimara nke nkiti | A na-akpọkarị ndị a na-eme mgbe a na-agbasa anya dị ka usoro molecular sb 2 o 3, molecular ibu 291.51, ntụ ntụ, na-agbaze isi 656 ℃. Ọdịnaya usoro ọmụmụ usoro bụ ihe dị ka 83.53%. Inwe ntụkwasị obi 5.20G / ml. Solible na hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acrated nitric acid, tartic acid na alkali ngwọta, na-ekwenye na mmiri, mmanya, gbanye sọlfọc acid. | Molecular Sb (AC) 2 29.89, ihe na-atọ ụtọ na-atọ ụtọ, na-agbaze ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha na ethylene glycol, toluene na xylene. | Molecular Sb 2 (dịka) 3, oke molecular dị ihe dị ka 423.68, ọdịdị na-acha ọcha siri ike, ọ dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma. Ọ na-agbanye ya ngwa ngwa na ethylene glycol. |
| Methodzọ usoro njikọ njikọ | Tumadi Synnite quibnite: 2SB 2 s 3 + 2 → 3. 2. | Industrylọ ọrụ ahụ na-eji sb 2 O 3-vervent forntsis: sb2o3 + 3 plọgịrị: Anhydrous, sb 2 o 3 enweghị ike ịnọ na steeti mmiri, yana akụrụngwa nkwapụta ga-akpọkwa nkụ. | Industrylọ ọrụ ahụ na-eji sb 2 o 3 iji syshesize: sb 2 o 3 + 3 na-ewepụ slag na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ → 3h 2. usoro mmepụta ga-ekewa site na mmiri iji gbochie hydrolysis. Mmeghachi omume a bụ mmeghachi omume na-agbanwe agbanwe, na n'ozuzu ya na-akwalite mmeghachi omume site na iji ethylene glycol ma wepụ mmiri ngwaahịa. |
| Uru | Ọnụahịa ahụ dịtụ ọnụ ala, ọ dị mfe iji, ọ dị obere iji rụọ ọrụ na oge obere polycondensation. | Actatete nwere ezigbo sosylene glycol ma na-ekesasịkwa nke ọma na ethylene glycol, nke nwere ike ime ka njiri mara nke ọrụ; N'otu oge ahụ, iji Actate acetate dị ka onye na-ahụ ihe na-enweghị ihe na-achọghị mgbakwunye nke co-camishsts. Mmeghachi omume nke ihe àmà acetate catalytic dịtụ usoro dịtụ nro, karịsịa na agba ahụ dị elu, nke dị mma karịa nke ịgba akwụkwọ trioxide (sb 2 o 3). | Ihe nchoputa a nwere aru di elu na ethylene glycol; A na-ewepụ ihe ngosi nke efu, na adịghị ọcha dịka mohy moyosines, nke nwere ike ịdị elu na sbcontene glycol dị ukwuu karịa nke sb 2 o 3 ma e jiri ya tụnyere sb 2 o 3 Na SB (AC) 3, ego nke sb 3+ nke na-egwuri egwu ka ukwuu. Agba nke polyster ngwaahịa mepụtara site sb 2 (dịka) dị mma karịa nke sb 2 o 3 dịtụ elu karịa nke mbụ, na-eme ka ngwaahịa dị elu ma na-acha ọcha; |
| Mwepu | Ngalaba na Ethylene Glycol dara ogbenye, naanị 4.04% na 150 Celsius. Na omume, ethylene glycol na-aba ụba ma ọ bụ nkewa na-abawanye elu karịa 150 Celsius. Agbanyeghị, mgbe sb 2 o 3 na ethylene glycol ruo ogologo oge na-agbagha, sbylene glycons "na poyester ibe ma metụta ogo ngwaahịa. Ihe phenomenon nke polyvalent oxides na-apụta n'oge nkwadebe nke sb 2 O 3, na ịdị ọcha dị ọcha nke Actin. | A na-agba agba agba nke ihe na-akpata mbibi ahụ dị ala; Ọkpụkpụ acetic acid mepụtara akụrụngwa corrode, merụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ma anaghị enyere gị aka ime ọgwụgwọ Deberate; Usoro mmepụta ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ọnọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, enwere mmetọ, ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwa mfe ịgbanwe agba. Ọ dị mfe ịkụnye mgbe iwe dị ọkụ, na ngwaahịa hydrolysis bụ sb2o3 na chivcohoo. Oge obibi anụ ahụ dị ogologo, karịsịa na palycondeness ogbo, nke dị elu karịa sistemụ sb2o3. | Ojiji nke SB 2 (dịka) 3 na-abawanye ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ahịa nke ngwaọrụ ahụ (mmụba ọnụahịa nwere ike ịpụpụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri 25% nke anụ na-eme ihe maka filements). Na mgbakwunye, uru nke ngwaahịa Hue na-abawanye ntakịrị. |