ʻIke a me ka ʻike
Me he mea lā e like me ka lithium a me ka lithium hydroxides ma aneʻi e noho ai, i kēia manawa: ʻoiai ʻo ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka ʻaoʻao e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lithium ma ke ʻano he hale kūkulu no ka ʻenehana pākaukau hou.
Ke kuhikuhi nei nā kumukūʻai lithium hydroxide (LiOH) a me lithium carbonate (LiCO3) i lalo no nā mahina i hala iho nei a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ka haʻalulu o ka mākeke i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka ʻaoʻao e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lithium ma ke ʻano he hale kūkulu no ka ʻenehana ʻenehana hou i loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai mai nā mea hana o nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike lithium like ʻole, aia ka diabolo i ka kikoʻī a ma laila kahi e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie i ka ikehu, ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o nā cell.
Me nā kaʻa uila hou (EVs) e hoʻolauna ʻia ana ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia pule, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻoihana i nā kumu hilinaʻi a me ka ʻenehana. No kēlā mau mea hana kaʻa ʻaʻole pili i ka mea e hana nei i nā labs noiʻi. Pono lākou i nā huahana ma ʻaneʻi a i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka lithium carbonate i ka lithium hydroxide
A hiki i kēia mau lā, ʻo ka lithium carbonate ka mea nui o nā mea hana o nā pā uila EV, no ka mea, ua kāhea ʻia nā hoʻolālā pākaukau i nā cathodes e hoʻohana ana i kēia mea maka. Eia naʻe, kokoke e loli kēia. ʻO Lithium hydroxide kekahi mea waiwai nui i ka hana ʻana i nā cathodes pākahi, akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lako ma mua o ka lithium carbonate i kēia manawa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana niche ma mua o ka lithium carbonate, hoʻohana pū ʻia e nā mea hana pākaukau nui, e hoʻokūkū nei me ka ʻoihana lubricant ʻoihana no ka mea maka. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā lako lithium hydroxide.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā cathodes pākaukau lithium hydroxide e pili ana i nā mea hoʻohui kemika ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākaukau), ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana.
No kēia kumu, ua hōʻike ka noi mai ka ʻoihana pākaukau rechargeable i ka ulu ikaika i nā makahiki 2010, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā lithium-ion nui aʻe i nā noi kaʻa. I ka makahiki 2019, ua helu ʻia nā pākaukau rechargeable no 54% o ka nui o ka noi lithium, kokoke loa mai nā ʻenehana pākahi Li-ion. ʻOiai ʻo ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa hybrid a me ka uila ua kuhikuhi i ka manaʻo i ka koi no nā pūhui lithium, hāʻule ke kūʻai aku i ka hapa lua o 2019 ma Kina - ka mākeke nui loa no nā EV - a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka honua i nā kūʻai i kumu ʻia e nā laka e pili ana i ka COVID. -19 maʻi maʻi i ka hapa mua o 2020 ua kau i nā 'brakes' pōkole i ka ulu ʻana o ka koi lithium, ma ka hopena o ka noi mai nā pākaukau a me nā noi ʻoihana. Ke hoʻomau nei nā hiʻohiʻona lōʻihi e hōʻike i ka ulu ikaika no ka koi lithium i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, akā naʻe, me ka wānana wānana ʻo Roskill e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.0Mt LCE ma 2027, me ka ulu ʻana ma mua o 18% i kēlā me kēia makahiki a 2030.
Hōʻike kēia i ke ʻano e hoʻopukapuka hou aku i ka hana LiOH i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me LiCO3; a ʻo kēia kahi e pāʻani ai ke kumu lithium: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pōhaku spodumene ma ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana. Hāʻawi ia i ka hana streamlined o LiOH aʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lithium brine maʻamau e alakaʻi ma o LiCO3 ma ke ʻano he mea waena e hana ai i ka LiOH. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai hana o LiOH me ka spodumene ma ke kumu ma kahi o ka brine. ʻIke ʻia, me ka nui o ka lithium brine i loaʻa i ka honua, pono e hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻenehana kaʻina hana hou e hoʻohana pono ai i kēia kumu. Me nā hui like ʻole e noiʻi ana i nā kaʻina hana hou e ʻike mākou i kēia hiki mai, akā i kēia manawa, ʻo ka spodumene kahi koho palekana.
