6

Nā Metala Rare Earth Metals

Ua hoʻāla ke kaua kālepa US-China i ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o Kina ma o ke kālepa metala honua.

 

E pili ana

• ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka haunaele ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kina ua hoʻāla ʻia nā hopohopo e hiki iā Beijing ke hoʻohana i kona kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā ʻāina laha ʻole no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kaua kālepa ma waena o nā mana hoʻokele waiwai honua ʻelua.

 

He aha nā Metala Honua Laha?

• ʻO nā metala honua kakaʻikahi he hui o 17 mau mea - lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium - e ʻike ʻia ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. i ka lepo.

• He kakaikahi no ka mea paʻakikī a he kumu kūʻai i kaʻu a hana maʻemaʻe.

• Ua ʻeli ʻia nā ʻāina laha ʻole ma Kina, India, ʻApelika Hema, Kanada, Australia, Estonia, Malaysia a me Brazil.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā metala o ka honua

• Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai uila, metallurgical, catalytic, nuclear, magnetic and luminescent.

• He mea koʻikoʻi loa lākou ma muli o ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana e kū mai ana a me nā ʻenehana like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono o ke kaiāulu o kēia manawa.

• Pono nā ʻenehana Futuristic, no ka laʻana, superconductivity kiʻekiʻe, mālama palekana a me ka lawe ʻana o ka hydrogen i kēia mau metala honua.

• Ke piʻi nui nei ka noi honua no nā REM e like me ko lākou hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ka honua, a me nā wahi waiwai.

• Ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai magnetic, luminescent, a me ka electrochemical, kōkua lākou i nā ʻenehana e hana me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.

 

Hoʻohana ʻia o nā metala honua Lahiʻole

• Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa honua ma kahi ākea o nā mea kūʻai aku, mai iPhones a i nā satellite a me nā lasers.

• Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻanuʻu rechargeable, nā seramika kiʻekiʻe, nā kamepiula, nā mea pāʻani DVD, nā turbines makani, nā catalysts i nā kaʻa a me nā ʻaila hinu, nā mākaʻikaʻi, nā kīwī, nā kukui, nā fiber optics, superconductors a me nā aniani polishing.

• Nā Kaʻa E-E: He mea koʻikoʻi kekahi mau mea o ka honua laha, e like me neodymium a me dysprosium, i nā kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa uila.

• Nā lako kaua: He mea nui kekahi mau minela laha o ka honua i nā lako kaua e like me nā ʻenekini mokulele, nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi missile, nā ʻōnaehana pale antimissile, nā satelite, a me nā lasers. ʻO Lanthanum, no ka laʻana, pono e hana i nā mea ʻike pō.

 

Ka mea nui o Kina no ka US wrt Rare Earth Elements (REE)

• ʻO Kina ka home o 37% o nā mālama honua laha ʻole. I ka makahiki 2017, ua helu ʻo Kina i ka 81% o ka hana honua laha ʻole o ka honua.

• Hoʻokipa ʻo Kina i ka hapa nui o ka mana hana o ka honua a hoʻolako i 80% o nā ʻāina laha ʻole i lawe ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai 2014 a 2017.

• ʻO koʻu Mountain Pass ʻo Kaleponi ʻo ia wale nō ka hale hana ʻāina laha ʻole o ʻAmelika. Akā hoʻouna ʻo ia i kahi hapa nui o ka extract i Kina no ka hana ʻana.

• Ua kau aku o Kina i ka uku o 25% ma ia mau mea i laweia mai i ke kaua kalepa.
20200906225026_28332

Ke kulana o Inia

• ʻO Kina, ʻAusetalia, ʻAmelika a me ʻInia nā kumu nui o ka honua no nā mea ʻeleʻele.

• E like me ka helu ʻana, ʻo 10.21 miliona tonnes ka nui o nā mālama honua laha ʻole ma India.

• ʻO Monazite, aia i loko o ka thorium a me ka Uranium, ke kumu nui o nā honua laha ʻole ma India. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea radioactive, hana ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana o nā one monazite e kahi hui aupuni.

• ʻO India ka mea hoʻolako nui i nā mea waiwai honua a me kekahi pūhui honua lāʻau. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻāpana hana no nā mea ʻāina laha ʻole.

• ʻO ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e Kina ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka hana honua laha ʻole ma India.